Articles tagged with Protein Coding Genes
A team at Northwestern University has developed a new method to identify thousands of protein molecules quickly, which could lead to the discovery of biomarkers and early disease detection. The approach, known as top-down proteomics, measures proteins intact instead of breaking them down into smaller parts.
Researchers found a significant association between a specific gene variation and accelerated decline in intellectual function with aging. The 'met' version of the BDNF gene was linked to steeper declines in flight simulator scores and smaller hippocampi, a critical brain region for memory and spatial reasoning.
The Protein Structure Initiative-Materials Repository will receive a $6.5 million grant to collect, annotate, store, and distribute plasmids for protein expression and study. This will facilitate the understanding of protein functions in human health and disease.
Scientists have uncovered evidence of a powerful new genetic network that drives cancer development and normal growth, involving RNA molecules interacting with each other. The discovery may lead to new therapeutic possibilities by rewiring the crosstalk between RNAs for cancer prevention and therapy.
A genomic map of constrained elements in 29 mammals reveals new insights into the development of species and the importance of genetic conservation. The study identified 3,788 candidate new exons and found possible functions for about 60 percent of DNA bases.
Scientists have identified a protein that controls the development of varicose veins, offering new hope for prevention and treatment. By inhibiting this protein, researchers were able to stall the progression of varicose veins and reduce the need for surgery, potentially improving quality of life for those affected.
Researchers have identified a critical link between p63 and Satb1 genes in regulating skin development. The study found that Satb1 plays an essential role in chromatin remodeling, which is necessary for gene expression and cell differentiation.
Researchers found that temperature affects RNA structure, hiding or showing particular sequences that influence the recognition of intronic endings. This allows for alternative protein isoforms to be generated in response to changing temperatures.
Researchers at Princeton University found that changes in gene activity consistently coincided with the worsening of a patient's condition. The study used blood samples from 168 blunt-force trauma patients and identified two sets of genes that showed massive fluctuations in expression as patients developed complications and neared death.
A team co-led by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center has been selected to participate in a National Cancer Institute-funded research consortium. The researchers will analyze proteins in blood associated with genetic alterations leading to cancer, with the goal of developing reliable blood tests for early detection and treatment.
A University of Iowa research team discovered a new genetic cause of retinitis pigmentosa by analyzing DNA sequencing and induced pluripotent stem cells. The study identified a mutation in the MAK gene as the likely cause of the disease, which affects about 1 in 4,000 people in the US.
Researchers at Donald Danforth Plant Science Center develop approach to accelerate reduction of cyanogen, increase root protein levels, and enhance nutritional value. The results could prove beneficial to millions suffering from malnutrition worldwide.
Scientists create first large-scale map of a plant's protein network, revealing evolutionary process and disease mechanisms. The study, published in Science, uses Arabidopsis thaliana to uncover how microbes disrupt plant defenses against disease.
Researchers identified a pathogenic mutation in the VPS35 gene associated with late-onset Parkinson's disease, implicating a novel protein-recycling pathway in neurodegeneration. The study provides new insights into the disease's pathogenesis and highlights the potential for therapeutic intervention.
Researchers identify complex mechanism by which Smads regulate genes associated with cancer, revealing process that ensures protein destruction after function completion. The study could serve as foundation for new clinical treatments against cancer and other diseases.
Research suggests that many hereditary conditions are linked to errors in pre-mRNA splicing, which can be addressed through new therapies. A computer analysis predicts that 22 percent of genetic mutations may affect splicing, implying hundreds of hereditary diseases could be linked to this issue.
Researchers at Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência found that the actin-capping protein regulates the Hippo complex, leading to abnormal growth and tumour formation. The study provides insights into understanding proliferation gene activation in cancer research.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics discovered a genetic cause of progressive hearing impairment: mutations in the SMPX gene. The disease affects both males and females, although women are usually less severely affected.
Researchers have identified two gene classes associated with new prion formation in yeast, which may provide a genetic key to understanding neurodegenerative disorders like Creutzfeldt-Jakob and Huntington's disease. The study found that genes important for prion generation also increased toxicity in the presence of certain proteins.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have identified over 11,000 protein interaction networks that control gene regulation in human cells. These networks, which consist of thousands of multi-protein complexes, play a crucial role in regulating the expression of genes and producing proteins.
A new UCLA study has identified a common cause for the multifaceted disease, pointing to a specific molecular signature that can help researchers identify its diverse causes. The discovery provides insight into how genes and proteins go awry in autism, altering the mind.
A UCLA study has identified a common molecular signature in autistic brains, shedding light on the disorder's origins. Researchers found consistent differences in gene expression patterns between autistic and healthy brains, particularly in the cerebral cortex.
A study published in Science Express reveals that RNA sequences in human cells diverge from DNA sequences, generating proteins with different sequences. The findings suggest unknown cellular processes are acting on RNA to create genetic diversity, which may contribute to differences in disease susceptibility.
Studies by MDC researchers have comprehensively quantified gene expression for the first time, revealing that protein production is mainly controlled in the cytoplasm. This discovery highlights where gene expression can get out of control and may provide key insights into diseases such as cancer.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine observed the activity of a single gene in living yeast cells, tracking mRNA production and transcription initiation. The study provides new insights into how genes are regulated in single-celled organisms like yeast, which can inform our understanding of similar processes in humans.
The ENCODE Project, a massive database cataloging the human genome's functional elements, is being made available as an open resource. The project provides a guide for using the vast amounts of data and resources produced so far, facilitating scientific discovery and public understanding of science.
Researchers identified networks of genes crucial for healthy heart formation, shedding light on congenital heart disease. MicroRNAs regulate gene expression and dosage, and the study provides insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying fetal-heart development.
Scientists at Iowa State University have introduced a starch-controlling gene into soybean plants, increasing protein content by 30-60%. This discovery holds promise for improving nutrition in areas with protein-deficient diets. The research also sheds light on genes with obscure functionalities and their potential applications.
Researchers discovered a novel regulatory role for lincRNA in determining cell protein selection and identity. The study identifies HOTTIP as a molecule that marks key genes as 'open for business,' allowing cells to maintain their characteristic patterns.
Researchers at Brandeis University have developed a method to study the splicing of pre-messenger RNA molecules using lasers and a custom microscope. This technique allows for the visualization of the spliceosome's assembly process in unprecedented detail, providing insights into the fundamental biology of protein synthesis.
A new imaging approach allows scientists to watch spliceosome assembly in motion, revealing a surprise: the process is reversible and has 'dead ends'. This breakthrough helps understand alternative splicing, crucial for gene expression and protein diversity.
A new study reveals that Alu elements inserted into existing genes can alter protein production rates, contributing to evolutionary differences between humans and other primates. The research uses high-throughput RNA sequencing data to quantify the frequency and location of Alu-derived exons in human genes.
Scientists from Scripps Research Institute have discovered a new type of RNA molecule, called riboswitches, that can turn genes on or off in response to cellular energy needs. These findings may have implications for designing new antibiotics against harmful bacteria.
Researchers have identified a new way genes are regulated that is unique to primates, involving Alu elements and long noncoding RNAs. This mechanism could prove to be a valuable treatment target as researchers seek to manipulate gene expression to improve human health.
Researchers Joanna Masel and Etienne Rajon found that tiny populations evolve global solutions to prevent errors, while large populations rely on local solutions to tolerate mistakes. This discovery reveals the importance of 'cryptic variation' in natural selection, allowing organisms to adapt to new challenges.
Researchers have developed an online tool to identify gene promoters, regions that guide transcription machinery to create specific proteins. The Mammalian Promoter Database integrates genomic sequencing data with publicly available data on human and mouse genomics.
Researchers have discovered hundreds of new protein-coding genes and thousands of new non-protein coding RNAs in the fruit fly and roundworm genomes. The studies also identified specific chromatin signatures associated with the regulation of protein-coding genes, revealing how genes work in concert to produce complex biological processes.
Scientists identify the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurological disease. Further study may lead to novel treatments by transforming the pathological process in ALS patients.
Researchers at Brandeis University developed a chemical rope to stabilize the SOD1 protein, which causes familial ALS. The approach potentially solves the instability problem, even at high temperatures.
A research team discovered five additional SLF genes controlling self-incompatibility in the petunia plant. These genes work together to promote hybrid vigor and prevent genetic disease associated with inbreeding. The study sheds light on the complex mechanisms plants use to avoid inbreeding.
UMMS researchers discovered a common link between familial ALS and sporadic ALS, suggesting that the SOD1 gene plays a role in both forms of the disease. The study found that an oxidized form of the SOD1 protein shared characteristics with the mutant SOD1 protein found in familial ALS.
A genetic mutation in the production of selenocysteine leads to progressive brain atrophy and severe mental retardation and epilepsy. The defect affects 1 in 40 Jews of Moroccan and Iraqi ancestry, making prenatal genetic screening a crucial preventive measure.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have discovered a new class of long non-coding RNA molecules that function like gene enhancer elements, promoting gene expression and potentially accounting for unknown genomic activity. This breakthrough joins a growing body of evidence challenging the central dogma of genetics.
Rutgers University has received a $47.5 million grant from the NIH to study protein structures and their impact on diseases. The grant supports two major programs: NESG, which develops new methods for determining protein structures, and SBKB, which collects and disseminates protein structure information worldwide.
Researchers have identified a protein called P450 that metabolizes arachidonic acid in blood vessel walls to create EETs, which relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure. This discovery may lead to the development of new blood pressure-lowering agents and treatments for high blood pressure.
Researchers at Iowa State University have developed a new type of hybrid protein that can make precise double-strand DNA breaks in living cells. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient gene replacement and editing therapies, enabling modifications to plant, animal, and human genomes.
Biophysicists create model to describe nucleosome distribution around transcription start sites, showing that stop signals prevent nucleosome formation. The Tonks model explains the characteristic packing of DNA in cells, shedding light on gene expression and chromatin code.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have discovered a new sporadic prion protein disease, Variably protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr), which shares genotype characteristics with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The abnormal prion protein in VPSPr exhibits distinct characteristics different from other prion diseases.
Researchers used next generation sequencing to identify genetic mutations in a family with Perrault syndrome, a rare disorder associated with hearing loss and ovarian failure. The study found a common gene HSD17B4 linked to both Perrault syndrome and DBP deficiency, a severe congenital syndrome.
Scientists have narrowed down where genes that determine protein and oil content are likely to be found in the soybean genome. Breeders can use these 'signposts' to develop new soybean lines with higher protein and oil levels, enhancing U.S. competitiveness in international markets.
Researchers at UNC Health Care have made a breakthrough in understanding the role of Tet 1 protein in maintaining stem cell pluripotency. The study found that Tet 1 helps stem cells renew themselves and stay undifferentiated, paving the way for personalized therapies.
Scientists have discovered a way to help protein-based drugs enter cells by attaching them to supercharged green fluorescent protein. This approach is up to 100 times more effective than previous methods, allowing proteins to reach their target locations and perform their functions.
Researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine identified a new way diseases develop through understanding how cells control gene expression. They found that protein DPF3b plays a critical role in the transcription process for muscle growth and heart development.
Researchers have identified biomarkers for life-threatening conditions in preterm infants, such as late-onset septicemia and necrotizing enterocolitis. Additionally, studies on leptin's role in childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes have shed light on the importance of hypothalamic signaling in preventing obesity development, while also...
Researchers at Max-Planck-Gesellschaft successfully integrated three synthetic amino acids into a single protein, allowing for systematic improvement of existing protein qualities. This breakthrough has significant implications for industry and science, enabling the creation of new biological features and tailored proteins with novel p...
Gerald Fink has been recognized with the 2010 Gruber Genetics Prize for his revolutionary transformation technique, enabling gene insertion into yeast cells. This breakthrough allows scientists to study specific genes and produce compounds used in vaccines, antibiotics, and biofuel.
Researchers found that GroEL and GroES proteins play a critical role in increasing the maximum temperature for E. coli growth. The study shows a 16-fold increase in GroE levels, indicating a uniquely important role in mitigating protein folding damage.
A new gene has been discovered that explains variability in symptoms of Usher syndrome, a condition affecting hearing and vision. The discovery could lead to more precise genetic diagnosis and improved treatment options for patients.
Researchers used microsequencing technology to identify various microRNAs in mouse immune cells, revealing their role in regulating protein levels. The study provides a map to the complexity of cellular protein regulation and offers insights into how miRNAs contribute to host defense mechanisms.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University discovered NFI-A's role in protecting nerve cells from death due to neurologic disorders and stroke. Knocking down NFI-A reduced the neuroprotective effects of sublethal doses of NMDA, supporting its central role in nerve cell survival.