Articles tagged with Protein Coding Genes
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University discovered NFI-A's role in protecting nerve cells from death due to neurologic disorders and stroke. Knocking down NFI-A reduced the neuroprotective effects of sublethal doses of NMDA, supporting its central role in nerve cell survival.
Researchers discovered a small group of genes in fruit flies that likely play important roles in regulating the formation of plaque-like protein aggregates within cells. The identified genes have human counterparts and may be manipulated to stop or slow the formation of these aggregates, which are a hallmark of Huntington's disease.
A team of scientists found an intermediate state during the formation of fat cells, induced by hormones related to cortisol. This transition state could be targeted for new therapies to combat obesity and metabolic disorders.
A study published in Experimental Biology and Medicine found that the Ash2l protein is crucial for early mammalian development, with mouse embryos dying without it. The researchers discovered that Ash2l interacts with Tbx1 to regulate gene transcription, shedding light on the pathogenesis of DiGeorge syndrome.
Researchers identified protein Ash2l as a crucial partner of Tbx1, regulating early embryonic development and gene activity. The study provides insight into the biological events leading to chromosome 22q.11 deletion syndrome, which often includes congenital heart defects.
Researchers identified LPCAT1 as a key protein in lung surfactant production, essential for air breathing transition in mice. Decreased LPCAT1 expression may underlie fatal respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants.
Researchers have identified small molecules that bind to TrkB, a protein involved in nerve cell survival, and demonstrated their potential in treating neurodegenerative conditions. Additionally, a new compound has been found to prevent anaphylactic shock by targeting the SphK1-S1P pathway, which may lead to the development of new thera...
Scientists have uncovered key rules governing ferritin's self-assembling nanostructure, enabling potential breakthroughs in drug development and nanotechnology. The study may lead to creating biological nanostructures with precise dimensions for various applications.
Researchers found that bees with artificially reduced insulin receptor substrate (IRS) in abdominal fat cells preferred pollen over nectar. This suggests an alternative mechanism for insulin's impact on eating behavior beyond the brain.
A new plant-based system has been developed to help hemophilia patients build tolerance to their treatment, reducing the risk of allergic reactions. The system, made from genetically modified plants, can be ingested and releases a tolerated protein into the small intestine, where it can be acted on by the immune system.
Researchers found a new genetic risk factor, TMEM106B, associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration, a subtype of early-onset dementia. The study suggests that alterations in this protein may contribute to the development of FTLD.
Researchers found that only 16% and 9% of Helicobacter pylori strains expressed the hopE and hopV genes, respectively, despite detection rates being much higher. This suggests a mechanism for the bacteria to evade the immune system.
Researchers at McGill University discover a molecular link between Parkinson's disease and impaired nerve cell communication. They found that parkin protein binds to endophilin-A, affecting synaptic transmission and potentially leading to dopamine neuron death.
Researchers have discovered a novel protein, MRG15, that directs the gene-splicing machinery, leading to aberrant proteins that can damage cells and contribute to diseases such as cancer and aging. This finding has implications for developing new therapies to treat these conditions.
Johns Hopkins researchers have discovered how Argonaute protein binds to microRNAs, shutting down protein production. This finding sheds light on the regulation of genes and has implications for treating diseases linked to genetic regulation, such as cancer.
Researchers question the safety of gene therapy targeting I-1c in treating heart failure after finding it can cause abnormal heartbeats and sudden death. Additionally, a study reveals that certain anticancer drugs can cause heart failure by triggering PDGFR-beta signaling in heart muscle cells.
Researchers discovered a protein called MLL that bookmarks highly active genes in cells, enabling rapid gene reactivation after cell division. This finding may help understand how mutated MLL contributes to abnormal cell proliferation and differentiation in leukemia.
Scientists have discovered that plant viruses can be harnessed to carry genetic information into plant cells, which could lead to the development of crops with desirable traits. By stabilizing viral vector genes, researchers hope to improve crop yields and resistance.
A team of researchers has successfully studied the elusive CstF-64 protein, a crucial component of gene expression. The breakthrough allows scientists to understand its interactions with other proteins and improve polyadenylation machinery in living cells.
Researchers have identified SCARA5 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a form of liver cancer. Genetic and epigenetic silencing of SCARA5 is linked to aggressive disease, including tumor invasion into blood vessels.
The Medical College of Georgia is accelerating diabetes research with a $1.8 million stimulus grant, which will support the development of animal models and sophisticated testing procedures. The grant also enables scientists to analyze large datasets and identify key missteps in prostate cancer progression.
Researchers developed a genetic screen for human cells to pinpoint specific genes and proteins used by pathogens. The study identified new genes essential for host-pathogen interactions, including those involved in diphtheria and E. coli infections.
A new mouse gene, Rps23r1, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for reducing amyloid beta and tau levels in the brain. The gene triggers a signaling pathway that inhibits GSK-3, regulating protein generation and tangle formation. This finding offers new hope for treating Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have discovered a new genetic cause of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) type 5, a fatal immune disorder. The condition is caused by mutations in the Munc18-2 gene, leading to impaired release of death-inducing molecules from immune cells.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified over 300 proteins that control genes, a newly discovered function for previously known proteins. These 'moonlighting' molecules may play a key role in human complexity, with potential implications for understanding gene regulation and cellular behavior.
A Yale team used whole exome sequencing to identify a mutation in a Turkish baby's genome, leading to a surprise diagnosis and treatment of congenital chloride diarrhea. The approach has potential for dramatic insights into human diseases and could become commonly used in clinical settings.
Researchers identified two chemicals that correctly process essential proteins in cells, potentially leading to new treatments for cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. This breakthrough could benefit millions of people worldwide suffering from genetic disorders, including ataxia-telangiectasia and muscular dystrophy.
UAB researchers discover that genetic mutations cause proteins to separate, leading to malfunctions and toxic aggregates. This finding could explain the onset of various genetic diseases, including conformational disorders.
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University discovered a gene involved in sperm production that may contribute to male infertility. The study found that mice lacking the MEIG1 protein were sterile due to impaired spermiogenesis, a process crucial for sperm development.
Researchers found novel human genes that originated from non-coding DNA in flies, yeast, and primates, with approximately 18 human-specific genes estimated to have arisen during human evolution. These genes are unlike any other human genes and may play a crucial role in human-specific traits.
Researchers found that mice lacking protein S suffered massive blood clots and defective blood vessels, highlighting the protein's dual role in coagulation and inflammation. Protein S also binds to receptors that regulate immune responses, suggesting new targets for gene therapy.
A study published in the journal Genetics identified five new proteins necessary for memory, providing insight into fragile X mental retardation. The researchers used an artificial system to analyze the eye deformities caused by overexpression of a key protein, revealing that each protein is required for its function.
A new protein has been identified as crucial for protecting sensory cells in the ear, according to a study led by University of Iowa researchers. The protein, claudin-9, helps maintain the separation of potassium ions between cells, preventing intoxication and functional defects.
Researchers found that nucleosomes package protein coding parts of genes in humans and the roundworm C elegans. This mechanism enables genes to be used in different ways, contributing to human development.
Researchers successfully delivered functional genes to patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, triggering the production of a protective protein. The study shows promise for gene therapy as a potential treatment option for this genetic disorder.
Mutations in the PTRF gene have been found to cause a form of muscular dystrophy with generalized lipodystrophy. The disease is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and deficiency of caveolin-3 protein.
Researchers at University of Florida have safely given new genes to patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, enabling them to produce trace amounts of the protective protein for up to one year. This potential step toward a gene therapy could benefit approximately 100,000 Americans with the condition.
Researchers have identified a new gene, PTRF, which causes mutations leading to muscle weakness and lipodystrophy. The study found that these individuals had deficient caveolin-3 protein in their muscles, despite no mutations in the caveolin-3 gene.
Researchers have discovered a way to produce working SMN proteins using the SMN2 gene, potentially treating Spinal Muscular Atrophy. The technology could also be applied to other diseases caused by aberrant gene splicing.
Researchers developed an ideal strategy for developing HCV-specific gene therapy by identifying the OAS promoter as a potential target. The study demonstrated that the HCV-core protein activates the OAS promoter specifically and effectively, paving the way for potential targeting of HCV using this approach.
Researchers at the University of Leeds have discovered a key mechanism governing gene evolution, revealing that protein REST controls gene expression by binding to specific genetic sequences. This process has been shown to play a leading role in the evolution of intelligence in mammals, particularly in the brain.
Researchers found that protein aggregates, previously thought to cause ALS, actually appear later on, increasing in number before symptoms appear. This discovery suggests a larger therapeutic window to treat the disease if diagnosed early.
A team of neuroscientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has discovered the mechanism by which a signaling protein controls the maturation and strength of excitatory synapses. The study, led by Professor Linda Van Aelst, found that oligophrenin-1 stabilizes postsynaptic AMPA receptors, which is essential for proper synaptic function.
Researchers Ulrich Gerland and Terence Hwa discovered two opposing principles guiding gene regulation in microbes: 'use-it-or-lose-it' and 'wear-and-tear'. These mechanisms adapt to environmental changes, with the latter mitigating detrimental effects of constant use.
A population genetics study found that parasite-driven selection has left a footprint on human DNA, particularly in immune genes. This variation correlates with parasite diversity and may contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel diseases.
Researchers have identified a key interaction between smallpox virus and human protein human nuclear factor kappa-B1, which inhibits inflammation pathways. This finding may reveal new strategies for developing treatments for smallpox and understanding the human immune system.
A team of researchers has identified three genes containing common mutations that are associated with altered kidney disease risk. The UMOD gene produces Tamm-Horsfall protein, which is normally present in healthy individuals' urine, but its relationship to chronic kidney disease risk was not known previously.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University found a link between genetic variations in the neuroglobin gene and an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. The study, published in Neurobiology of Aging, suggests that lower levels of neuroglobin may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's.
The March of Dimes has awarded a $250,000 prize to Kevin P. Campbell and Louis M. Kunkel for their pioneering work identifying the genes and proteins that cause muscular dystrophy. Their research has led to better diagnostic tools and potential treatments, improving the lives of over 250,000 Americans affected by the disorder.
Scientists at the University of Central Florida have revived a dormant gene found in humans, which produces retrocyclin, a protein that resists HIV. The study found that restoring the production of retrocyclins prevents HIV entry and transmission.
The completed cow genome provides insights into mammalian evolution, cattle-specific biology, and the genetic bases of milk. Researchers discovered over 22,000 protein-coding genes and 500 miRNAs, highlighting potential for breeding more sustainable livestock.
Researchers found that synonymous mutations determine mRNA folding, influencing protein levels, and identified a class of mutations slowing bacterial growth. This study improves the design of therapeutic genes by optimizing protein production while maintaining cell health.
Scientists have identified a new, infectious prion in yeast that can affect the expression of hundreds of genes. The discovery raises questions about the role of these proteins in degenerative brain diseases and their potential impact on human cells.
Biologists have identified a critical protein that links the morning and evening components of plant daily clocks, solving a longstanding puzzle about biochemical mechanisms controlling plant clocks. The discovery provides a new way to increase agricultural crop growth and yield.
Researchers discover that fruit fly embryos can 'forget' incorrect body plans and develop into recognizable adult flies through cross-regulation among gap genes. This process, known as canalization, allows for robust development despite variable conditions, shedding light on the mechanisms of genetic interactions.
Researchers Johannes Soeding and Andreas Biegert have developed a new method called CS-BLAST that takes into account the sequence context to improve similarity searches. This approach can identify twice as many distant relatives of proteins compared to traditional BLAST, leading to better insights into gene and protein functions.
Fox Chase researchers have shown that manipulating the amount of Hsp70 can restore function to mutated proteins, which could potentially reduce severity or correct certain hereditary diseases. By modifying the chaperone environment, they hope to give Hsp70 better opportunities to rescue broken proteins.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute identify a mutation in the Mbtps1 gene that increases susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease. The study reveals how the mutated gene disrupts the unfolded protein response, leading to cellular stress and inflammation.
A new class of nonprotein coding genes, known as lincRNAs, has been discovered in mammals with critical regulatory roles in health and disease. The study reveals that these long RNAs play important roles in regulating cellular processes such as cell proliferation, immune signaling, and stem cell biology.
Researchers have discovered a novel way in which the Myc oncogene accelerates cancer by directly affecting protein production, suggesting a new strategy to halt cancer's progression. Drugs like Rapamycin may help treat cancers where Myc is overactive.