Articles tagged with Rna
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A gene signature associated with 'healthy ageing' has been identified, allowing for early prediction of age-related diseases like Alzheimer's. The discovery provides a reliable molecular profile for distinguishing people at risk and could transform medical decision-making.
Researchers found that the most common genetic defect in ALS causes nuclear pore dysfunction, leading to cell death. This discovery empowers the search for genetic causes of sporadic ALS and offers new hope for treatment options.
Researchers discovered a molecular mechanism that contributes to age-related macular degeneration due to excessive iron accumulation in retinal cells. Excessive iron impairs the processing of inflammatory RNAs, leading to inflammasome-mediated cell death.
New evidence from Johns Hopkins researchers reveals that RNA granules have a dynamic envelope that stabilizes them, separating them from the surrounding watery space. This discovery provides insight into how cells organize their contents and activities.
A team of scientists found that a specific chemical modification on RNA plays a key role in determining the ability of embryonic stem cells to adopt different cellular identities. Depleting or knocking out this component blocks stem cells from differentiating into specialized types of cells.
The NIST 'erccdashboard' tool evaluates experimental methods used to study gene expression, ensuring reproducibility and reliability. The dashboard provides a standardized approach for analyzing gene expression data, allowing researchers to assess technical performance and prevent erroneous conclusions.
A cell study has uncovered a gene mutation that causes the immune system to mistakenly attack the body, leading to diseases like Lupus and Motor Neurone Disease. Researchers found that a defect in an alarm system protects the body from viruses and other infections.
A team of scientists has discovered the genetic mechanism behind sex determination in a species of persimmon. The OGI-MeGI system involves an unusual gene that codes for a small piece of RNA acting as molecular scissors, cutting down expression of another gene, and regulating pollen formation.
Researchers at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem have discovered how circular RNAs are produced, finding they compete with normal RNAs for expression. The study suggests a link between circRNAs and degenerative diseases like muscular dystrophy and potentially brain disorders.
A comprehensive study led by Mayo Clinic in 12 countries validates the accuracy of RNA genomic sequencing techniques and laboratories. The research establishes best practices for laboratories to ensure reproducible results, enabling clinicians to make informed decisions based on genomic data.
A systematic analysis of hepatitis E virus transmission by blood components found that about 1 in 3000 donors in England have the virus. Around 1200 HEV-containing blood components are likely to be transfused every year in England.
A new drug, AL-8176, has been shown to safely reduce RSV viral load and clinical illness in healthy adult volunteers. The Phase 2 challenge study achieved primary and secondary endpoints of lower viral load and improvements in symptom scores.
Researchers discovered that trace amounts of HCV RNA in successfully treated patients can be infectious. The study used an animal model to show that blood from these patients could cause HCV infection, which may be hard to detect due to delayed onset of disease.
Researchers discovered a mini-antibody called 3D8 scFv that can degrade viral DNA and RNA regardless of specific sequences, protecting mammalian cells and genetically manipulated mice against different viruses. The correct dose is crucial to destroy only viral components, not host genetic material.
Researchers detect Tobacco Ringspot Virus in honeybees, suggesting a link to their decline. The study reveals that infected bees can transmit the virus to each other and even their queen mother.
A new study reveals that edited RNA and invasive DNA contribute to individual variation in humans by regulating gene expression. The study found a 20% difference in life span and eye color between individuals with varying levels of ADAR activity.
University of Adelaide researchers have identified a likely molecular pathway that causes neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's and Lou Gehrig's. The team found that RNA plays a key role in the development of these diseases, which share similar genetic mutation mechanisms.
A new study reveals that DNA sequences at the beginning of genes in fruit flies contain complex instructions for RNA polymerases to read and transcribe essential genes. The findings suggest that these instructions play a crucial role in regulating gene expression during early embryonic development.
Researchers found that RNA bases preferentially bound to decanoic acid, priming the system for RNA production and simplifying the emergence of primitive cells. Sugars also provided protective benefits, with ribose being more effective than glucose or xylose.
Researchers from Scripps Florida Institute have identified small molecules that can control a genetic defect responsible for myotonic dystrophy, a progressive muscle-wasting disease. By activating these compounds, scientists can study the long-term impact of the disease and potentially develop new therapies.
Researchers from Max Planck Institute find that Alpine rock cress measures age based on miR156 concentration, which decreases over time. This allows the plant to synchronize growth and flowering with environmental cues like vernalisation.
Mayo Clinic researchers found that genetic differences affect immunity to smallpox vaccine. The study identified new targets for developing personalized vaccines, potentially benefiting non-responders.
Scientists at Georgia Institute of Technology explore an alternate theory for RNA origin, finding molecules that spontaneously assemble into gene-length linear stacks in water. The discovery suggests proto-RNA bases could have formed the first genetic material.
Researchers at Gladstone and Stanford Institutes develop new tactic for treating neurodegenerative conditions like ALS by hijacking gene Dbr1 to reduce toxic TDP-43 levels. This breakthrough could have far-reaching implications for treating devastating diseases.
A recent study reveals a common RNA pathway that contributes to the degeneration of motor neurons in both ALS and dementia. The discovery provides a potential target for developing new treatments and offers insights into the normal function of key proteins involved in these diseases.
A team of neuroscientists discovered a signature of disease that may help explain the relationship between transposons and neurodegenerative disorders. They found that TDP-43 normally functions to silence or repress potentially harmful transposons, but when its function is compromised, these elements become overexpressed.
University of Kentucky researchers have identified a major breakthrough in treating geographic atrophy, an untreatable form of age-related macular degeneration. They found that blocking specific pathways can prevent retinal degeneration and vision loss, paving the way for a new potential therapy.
Researchers have discovered a way to make plants resistant to parasitic dodder vines by attacking the junctions where they tap into their hosts. The technique, using RNA interference, has shown promise in preventing dodder from spreading and can potentially be applied to other parasites like Striga.
Dr. Nihal Altan-Bonnet, a Rutgers cell biologist, has been awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE). Her research identifies a common lipid blueprint for viral replication, paving the way for potential panviral therapeutics.
A long-term study found increased deaths from both liver-related and non-liver diseases in patients with active hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections who had not cleared their infection. Chronic HCV infections can lead to increased mortality, even in people without symptoms.
Researchers have discovered a novel mechanism for generating cancer-driving genes, bypassing chromosomal translocation. The SLC45A3-ELK4 fusion RNA promotes prostate cancer cell growth and disease progression in human samples.
Scientists at EMBL have created a first complete atlas of RNA-binding proteins, revealing over 300 previously unknown proteins. This discovery opens new avenues for studying diseases such as diabetes and glaucoma, suggesting that gene mutations may affect RNA control rather than protein function.
Researchers at University of Edinburgh discovered an enzyme that corrects the most common mistake in mammalian DNA replication, including accidental incorporation of RNA. This discovery could have broad implications for autoimmunity and cancer research.
A major breakthrough in treating geographic atrophy, a form of age-related macular degeneration, has been made by University of Kentucky researchers. The discovery highlights the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and MyD88 in triggering vision loss due to retinal pigmented epithelial cell death.
A team of scientists at EMBL found that oskar RNA requires both tags to reach its correct destination, suggesting a 'ticket' that also affects its speed of transport. The study provides clues on how a single molecule could receive tickets for different destinations depending on the type of cell.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon and Stanford are expanding the EteRNA project with a $1 million grant from the W.M. Keck Foundation, allowing them to test thousands of RNA designs each month. The online game has identified talented players who can generate important scientific insights.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have discovered a natural product from traditional Chinese medicine that blocks gene control machinery in cells, suggesting potential as an anticancer drug. The compound, triptolide, has been shown to be effective against cancer and other conditions.
A protein complex called MSL amplifies the X chromosome in males, allowing enzymes to express genes more freely. This process helps correct the genetic imbalance between X and Y chromosomes in males.
Researchers identified a gene that allows the Rubella virus to block cell death and created a mutant version that slows its spread. This discovery could lead to new tools for preventing rapid disease transmission if applicable to other viruses.
Researchers found that statin atorvastatin reduced CD38 and HLA-DR levels on T cells in HIV-infected patients, suggesting potential benefits in disease management. The study's findings support exploring the role of statins as an anti-inflammatory therapy for HIV.
A team of researchers led by Dr. Jayakrishna Ambati has discovered a molecular mechanism implicated in geographic atrophy, the major cause of untreatable blindness in the industrialized world. The study identified Alu RNA toxicity as the underlying cause and developed two potential therapies to prevent geographic atrophy.
A European Observational Study found low discontinuation rates and sustained virologic suppression with REYATAZ/ritonavir-based regimens over five years. The study, which included 1,294 ARV-experienced patients, showed that 75% of those with baseline HIV-1 RNA levels <50 copies/mL remained suppressed after three years.
Researchers from Texas A&M University have developed protocols to isolate RNA from stallion sperm and testis biopsies, enabling the identification of genetic factors associated with subfertility. This breakthrough could lead to improved breeding procedures and enhance the reproductive potential of thoroughbred racehorses.
Scientists add ultraviolet light to model prebiotic reaction and discover guanine can be formed at lower temperatures than previously reported. The discovery suggests that starting life on Earth might not have been as difficult as thought.
Researchers at Scripps Research develop molecules that can evolve and compete for resources, demonstrating niche partitioning in coevolution. The study shows how different species adapt to specific food sources over time, a classic concept in Darwinian evolution.
A recent breakthrough in mammalian genome research has revealed a complex network of genetic regulators that subtly influence gene expression in different cells. The discovery of tiny RNAs and retrotransposons has provided valuable insights into the mechanisms behind cellular development and transformation.
Researchers discovered that an RNA aptamer specific to ricin's catalytic chain can protect cells from ricin-induced damage. The aptamer, called 31RA, inhibits the toxin's enzymatic activity and neutralizes its translation-inhibiting effects.
Researchers have developed a trans-splicing system that uses RNA to inactivate genes and improve efficiency in correcting RNA sequences. This approach enhances the likelihood of successful treatment outcomes for spinal muscular atrophy, a neurodegenerative disorder that affects 1 in 6,000 live births.
Dr Ben Berkhout's multi-disciplinary approach to RNA research has provided key insights into HIV-1 replication mechanisms. He was awarded the 2008 M Jeang Retrovirology Prize for his outstanding mid-career contribution to HIV research.
Researchers from Uppsala University have discovered a mechanism that silences several genes on a chromosome domain, leading to the genetic disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. The long Kcnq1ot1-RNA molecule mediates silencing by recruiting enzymes that modify DNA-binding proteins, protecting the silenced domain during cell division.
A study mapped the clan of mobile selfish genes Alu retrotransposons in the human genome, revealing that around 10,000 elements are still capable of jumping around and posing a major threat to human genetics. The research provides valuable insights into the behavior of these elements and their potential impact on personalized genomics.
A UC San Diego scientist presents the first unified vision of 'the building blocks of life', revealing that only 68 molecules construct four fundamental cell components: nucleic acids, proteins, glycans, and lipids. This framework may hold the key to unlocking the origins of many serious diseases.
Britt Glaunsinger's research using herpesvirus aims to understand cellular machinery for RNA stability, with potential implications for human health. The five-year grant supports her work on a mysterious viral protein that evades the immune response.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have crystallized and characterized the H5N1 virus's RNA polymerase protein, a crucial component in viral replication. The study reveals an unexpected relationship between two subunits of the protein, which could inspire therapies to prevent the spread of bird flu.
Scientists discover a new gene, sphinx, in Drosophila melanogaster that regulates male-male courtship behavior. The absence of the gene leads to increased male-male interaction and altered mating habits.
A team of scientists has developed a computer-controlled system that can drive the evolution of improved RNA enzymes without human input. The system, known as an 'evolution-machine,' uses selection pressure to guide the evolution process, resulting in an enzyme that is 90 times more efficient at using starting ingredients.
Exosomes are chopped into pieces that trigger autoimmunity in people with PM/Scl overlap syndrome. Researchers have identified an exosome-associated protein recognized by antibodies, which may be a new marker for diagnosis.
The Medical College of Georgia Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine has been selected to isolate RNA and DNA from the blood of thousands of children involved in a worldwide study of the causes of type 1 diabetes. The TEDDY study aims to identify environmental triggers for diabetes in children with known high-risk genes.
A new hypothesis suggests that life emerged in the confined spaces between mica layers in ancient oceans. This model provides a more plausible explanation than existing prebiotic and 'pizza' hypotheses, explaining how early biomolecules formed and evolved.
The new protocol allows scientists to identify cell-cycle stages and analyze cell growth in mixed populations. It has been used to characterize immune cells in human blood, providing insight into their activity patterns.