Articles tagged with Viral Dna
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Scientists have found that the cGAS sensor can detect single-stranded DNA, including guanosines, which triggers a strong immune response. The HI virus has evolved to eliminate guanosines from its genetic material, partially avoiding detection by the cell.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have identified a critical difference in how cells respond to DNA breaks versus viral infections. The discovery reveals that cells can selectively neutralize viral DNA without triggering a global response, which could lead to the development of new cancer-selective viral therapies.
Florida State University researchers have identified a viral protein that inhibits the major DNA sensor, suggesting a new pathway for fighting infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. By manipulating this protein, scientists may be able to enhance or tune down the immune response.
Scientists at the University of Virginia School of Medicine have discovered a blueprint for battling human disease using DNA clad in near-indestructible armor, offering a promising template for delivering gene therapy.
Researchers discovered that bacterial viruses carry genetic instructions for producing an actin-like protein, which enables the transport of their DNA to host cells. This mechanism allows the virus to replicate its genome in bacteria lacking a cytoskeleton.
Researchers investigate how BAF protein defends against viral DNA attacks, discovering the virus's ability to turn off this key defensive mechanism. This understanding may lead to targeted therapies for viruses that inject DNA into cells.
Recent study reveals that microbes like Sulfolobus islandicus can freeze in place when infected with a harmless virus, such as Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 9 (SSV9), to protect themselves. The dormant microbes recover if the virus is removed within 24-48 hours, otherwise they die.
Researchers at KU Leuven developed a simple and effective way to untangle DNA using a 'rolling droplet' technique. The method involves injecting genetic material into a droplet of water and dragging it over a glass plate covered with a sticky polymer, resulting in longer and straighter DNA strands that can be studied under a microscope.
Researchers at KU Leuven discovered that HIV's integration site determines disease progression. The team found that manipulating the integration site can lead to faster disease progression in some cases, but also opens up possibilities for developing new therapies by targeting safer regions of host DNA.
Researchers at Lund University have discovered that viruses can convert their solid DNA to a liquid form, making it easier to infect cells. This temperature-dependent phase transition could lead to the development of new medicines targeting virus DNA, potentially reducing infection capability and spreading.
Carnegie Mellon researchers show viral DNA transforms from solid to fluid-like state at infection temperature, facilitating infection. This phase transition could be a promising new target for antiviral therapies, which may avoid drug resistance.
Scientists at Brown University have finally rendered the elusive viral 'machine' architecture of the lambda virus, mapping protein-DNA interactions that enable its genetic recombination mechanisms. The team's groundbreaking work provides a detailed understanding of how the virus integrates and extracts DNA from host cells.
Scientists at Montana State University have developed a detailed blueprint of a bacterial surveillance complex that detects and destroys viruses. The discovery could lead to new innovations in medicine, biotechnology, and agriculture, as CRISPR-associated machines are being repurposed for precision DNA editing.
Researchers discovered a mini-antibody called 3D8 scFv that can degrade viral DNA and RNA regardless of specific sequences, protecting mammalian cells and genetically manipulated mice against different viruses. The correct dose is crucial to destroy only viral components, not host genetic material.
Scientists from Brown University used a specific type of virus to study the interaction between polymer strands like DNA and tiny holes, known as nanopores. The findings may lead to breakthroughs in DNA sequencing and pathogen detection.
Researchers discovered that DNA relaxes to pack into virus heads at speeds determined by physics. The process counteracts the molecule's tendency to repel itself due to its negative charge.
Berkeley lab researchers have discovered that the viral packaging motor rotates DNA in response to changing conditions, a crucial process for viral replication. This finding could lead to new strategies for combating viral infections and designing more effective drugs.
A team of scientists has discovered Rad50's crucial role in detecting and responding to foreign DNA from viruses. The protein interacts with a specific signal protein CARD9, forming a complex that activates the immune system's alarm mechanism, leading to the production of interleukin-1β.
Scientists have discovered a way to selectively degrade viral DNA in the cell nucleus of infected liver cells, opening up new treatment options for hepatitis B. This breakthrough may allow for the development of a treatment that can heal hepatitis B without damaging the host cell.
Researchers studied the release of genetic material from viral capsids into host cell nuclei, finding that highly ordered DNA strands exit faster than tangled ones. The study's findings have implications for designing artificial viral vectors and understanding complete DNA stalling in experiments.
A new method developed by researchers at the University of Zurich allows them to display viral DNA in host cells at single-molecule resolution, revealing unexpected insights into its distribution and cell response. The technique uses click chemistry to label viral DNA without affecting its biological functions, enabling scientists to s...
A large-scale analysis reveals many common cancers are not associated with DNA viruses, contradicting earlier estimates. The study highlights the importance of bioinformatics in understanding virus integration into cancer subtypes.
A study published in PNAS reveals that the human herpes virus uses histone proteins to package and store its genetic material, allowing it to remain dormant. Researchers identified a viral protein called IE1 as a potential target for new therapies to control the virus's activity.
Scientists have discovered that a pressure-driven infection mechanism used by the herpes simplex virus 1 causes it to inject its genetic material into human cells. This technique could be targeted for future treatments to defeat HSV-1 and other viruses, potentially limiting drug resistance.
Researchers discovered a high internal pressure within the human herpes simplex virus 1 that enables it to eject its DNA into a host cell's nucleus. This pressure is a key mechanism for viral infection across organisms and presents new opportunities for broad-based, mutation-resistant antiviral treatments.
Cornell University engineers have developed a new smartphone-based system for in-the-field detection of Kaposi's sarcoma and other conditions, utilizing a plug-in optical sensor and disposable microfluidic chips. This novel technique provides a quick method to quantify viral DNA levels, requiring minimal training and expertise.
Researchers at ASU's Biodesign Institute have developed novel 2-D and 3-D DNA nanotechnology structures that push the boundaries of complex molecular designs. By re-engineering the Holliday junction, they created flexible geometries for building in three dimensions, enabling multilayered and curved objects.
Researchers have discovered a new type of molecular motor that moves DNA through cells without rotational motion. The discovery challenges previous understanding and paves the way for practical machines and devices in nanotechnology.
A team of researchers at Johns Hopkins has identified a system that makes certain immune cells impervious to HIV infection. The discovery suggests a new approach to eradicating the virus from the body by targeting non-dividing cells.
A new study reveals how Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) co-opts cells' abilities to repair themselves, leading to preferential repair of the viral genome. The research, published in PLOS Pathogens, shows that HCMV-infected cells can efficiently repair their own DNA but not the viral DNA, with implications for developing antiviral therapies.
Biologists at Brookhaven National Laboratory have discovered a new mechanism that may alter our understanding of molecular interactions. The team found that two proteins from the human adenovirus use DNA as an efficient form of transportation to find and interact with other proteins, using a molecular sled-like structure.
Researchers at UT Dallas developed a novel method to visualize and study DNA looping, a biological process involved in rearranging genetic material. The 'tag and track' technique sheds light on the intermediate steps of DNA loop formation and may lead to more efficient drug screening methods for HIV.
Duke University researchers have developed a reusable DNA chip that can synthesize multiple batches of DNA building blocks and fold them into unique nanostructures. They successfully reused the chip tens of times without significant degradation, paving the way for applications in synthetic biology, drug delivery, and nanotechnology.
Viruses, such as adenovirus, exploit host cell mechanisms to smuggle their DNA into the nucleus for reproduction. The viral DNA is transported into the nucleus using the kinesin motor protein and a gatekeeper molecule, allowing it to reproduce easily.
A scientist has discovered that a viral host can persist and coexist with the same genetic populations of a virus for centuries. The study, published in Science, reveals that DNA viruses and their algal hosts have been preserved in sediments under the Black Sea for thousands of years.
A Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution scientist has discovered that the DNA of viruses and their algal hosts can be preserved in sediments for thousands of years. This finding provides unprecedented insights into long-term viral/host population dynamics, which may have shaped past algal community structures.
Researchers have created a novel crystal lattice composed of gold nanoparticles and viral particles held together by strands of DNA. The structure demonstrates the potential to combine materials with different properties to create infinitesimal devices.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have found that bacteria incorporate foreign DNA from invading viruses into their own regulatory processes, developing resistance to antibiotics. This discovery sheds light on how bacteria have developed immunity over millions of years.
New gene transfer agents have been developed to overcome the limitations of viral vectors and chemical agents, showing promise for treating hereditary diseases and cancer. The agents are more effective at delivering DNA into cell nuclei, increasing the chances of successful treatment.
A team of researchers at the University of South Florida discovered that a common herpesvirus can integrate its DNA into human chromosomes, allowing it to be passed down through generations. This finding raises concerns about disease risk and the potential for viral reactivation in individuals born with the virus's DNA in every cell.
Physicist Alex Evilevitch directly measured the energy associated with viral DNA expulsion, a discovery that could lead to broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. The study used isothermal titration calorimetry and found that increasing DNA length increases heat release, highlighting the importance of hydration entropy in viral genome packaging.
Researchers at Salk Institute identify viral protein ICP0 that shuts down host cell's DNA damage response, enabling HSV to infect cells. By removing specific ubiquitin marks, ICP0 allows the virus to take over and multiply.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that a virus discovered in a rare form of skin cancer was also present in people with the second most common type of skin cancer. The virus had a mutation that enabled it to integrate into host DNA, raising questions about its potential role in causing squamous cell carcinoma.
The recent special edition of Virology journal explores the past, present, and future of small DNA tumor viruses, including polyomaviruses, adenoviruses, and papillomaviruses. These viruses have led to fundamental discoveries in basic biology, unraveling complex aspects of host cells.
A new study redefines the boundaries of viruses, highlighting their complex relationships with hosts. The genes that encode beneficial viruses in wasps are integrated into the wasp's chromosomes, blurring the line between host and virus.
Biologists have discovered the atomic structure of a powerful molecular motor that packages DNA into viral heads during assembly. The motor consists of two ring-like structures with five segments, progressively drawing genetic material into the virus's capsid.
Researchers at UC San Diego used electron microscopy and computer reconstruction to visualize the protein envelope of an asymmetrical virus and its packed DNA. The study reveals a 'toroid' shape in the neck of the virus, where the DNA twists tightly into a coil that keeps it securely inside.
Researchers have discovered that reverse transcriptase, the target of major anti-HIV drugs, can flip between binding orientations to facilitate two distinct catalytic activities. This dynamic behavior is regulated by nonnucleoside RT inhibitors, which hinder the enzyme's ability to convert single-stranded DNA to double-stranded DNA.
Researchers used laser tweezers to measure the forces exerted by a virus's motor as it pushes DNA into its capsid. The study found that positively charged ions play a critical role in overcoming electrostatic repulsion, allowing the virus to inject genetic material into bacterial cells.
A Duke University team develops a method to measure DNA mechanical properties upon irradiation, revealing unraveling of the double helix and crosslinking of bases. This work establishes a relationship between DNA nanomechanics and damage, paving the way for DNA diagnostics.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have created an LED system that rapidly screens therapeutic molecule designs for binding to diseased tissues' DNA. The innovative technology enables 100 tests per day, accelerating the discovery of promising new drugs.
Biologists have determined the structure of an enzyme that powers 'molecular motors' in viruses, allowing for better understanding of DNA packaging. The motor, essential for inserting DNA into viral capsids, has been likened to a house-building process.
A novel pathway for detecting intracellular DNA has been identified, suggesting a unique immune response differs from RNA viruses. This discovery sheds light on the mechanisms of antiviral responses and how cells discern viral and self-DNA.
A Yale study reveals how toll-like receptors recognize viral infections without self-DNA recognition, highlighting potential for treating autoimmune disorders like SLE. The research also shows that TLR localization is crucial in maintaining the balance between viral and self nucleic acid recognition.
Researchers at SLU have made a groundbreaking discovery on the molecular mechanism of HIV integration, shedding light on how the virus invades healthy cells. The study reveals that integrase holds viral DNA together prior to integration, paving the way for new drug therapy options.
A Brown University and Harvard Medical School team has revealed the crystal structure of λ-integrase, a protein responsible for site-specific recombination in lambda virus. The findings provide a major leap in understanding mobile DNA, with implications for studying viral infections and gene editing.
Researchers have discovered that DNA stimulates the activity of a viral enzyme, providing a potential new target for antiviral drugs. The discovery could help prevent adenovirus infections, which can cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, and eye infections, including blindness.
Researchers developed a DNA vaccine that protected nonhuman primates from both smallpox and monkeypox, offering a safer alternative to existing live virus vaccines. The vaccine used four genes from vaccinia virus and was shown to elicit a robust immune response in primates.
Researchers found a strong association between monkey virus DNA and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, suggesting the virus could play a role in its development. The study suggests that targeting the virus could help prevent its development and offers new therapeutic strategies.
Researchers have developed a new herpes-based AIDS vaccine that could help the immune system produce more infection-fighting antibodies and killer T-cells, potentially making it more effective. The vaccine uses an amplicon to deliver DNA from the AIDS virus, which is then amplified and used to trigger an immune response.