Articles tagged with B Lymphocytes
A new study found that a single dose of the Pfizer or Moderna mRNA vaccine can stimulate an immune response in people who have previously recovered from COVID-19. The vaccine's ability to generate antibodies and B cell responses was shown to be effective against the South African variant.
Researchers at Duke University developed self-assembling nanofibers that activate key cells in the immune system to limit damaging inflammation. The nanofibers, which include a protein called C3dg, were shown to be effective in treating psoriasis and other inflammatory diseases.
A preliminary study suggests that Black people with autoimmune neurologic diseases like multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder may respond differently to a common therapy meant to modulate the immune system. After treatment, 76% of Black patients had detectable B-cell levels, compared to 33.3% of white patients.
Researchers developed a new fluorescent probe, CDgB, that can selectively target the cell membranes of B lymphocytes over T lymphocytes. The probe works by exploiting differences in membrane structures between B and T cells, particularly phospholipid composition and cholesterol content.
Researchers found that calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and T lymphocytes, regulating cytokine secretion, chemotaxis, and ligand delivery. This receptor also contributes to the development of several diseases, including sepsis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, and rheumatism.
A new method developed by researchers at the University of Missouri uses machine learning to analyze large amounts of biological data from single-cell RNA-sequencing. This allows scientists to identify patterns and make faster conclusions, which can lead to potential treatments for diseases such as Alzheimer's.
A new study from the University of Minnesota Medical School suggests that disease-driving B cells contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The research, led by Fanta Barrow, found that a Western diet and changes in gut microbes activate these pathogen-fighting B cells into 'disease-promoters',
A recent study suggests that genetics play a role in determining immunity to COVID-19. The study found that the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, which code for cell surface proteins essential for the adaptive immune system, may limit individual immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.
Researchers found that a blood-clotting protein called fibrinogen promotes the clustering of cancerous B cells at sites where there is a leak in the blood-brain barrier, leading to tumor growth in the brain. Fibrinogen may be targeted as a potential treatment for central nervous system B-cell lymphoma.
Immunologists at the University of Freiburg have solved a mystery about how Rituximab, an anti-cancer drug, targets B tumor cells. The researchers found that CD20 organizes nanostructures on the B cell membrane, and its absence or binding to Rituximab activates resting B cells.
Hyperactive RANK proteins have been found to trigger autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Researchers also discovered that these proteins contribute to chronic lymphatic leukemia in mice, paving the way for new therapeutic antibody treatments.
A new study reveals that errors in chromosome packing may cause B-cell blood cancers. Researchers identified a critical protein called DIS3 that maintains genomic architecture and prevents cancer. The findings could lead to new biomarkers and therapies targeting genome instability.
A $2.25 million NIH grant is helping scientists understand the ufmylation pathway, which modifies proteins and cell function, in developing effective vaccines against influenza and other diseases. The research aims to optimize antibody production by selective upward adjustment of ufmylation in key cells.
Scientists have created a new method for combating non-Hodgkin's lymphomas by equipping immune cells with an antenna that targets the CXCR5 receptor on cancer cells. In laboratory experiments and mouse models, this approach showed promising results in fighting follicular lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have successfully modified natural killer cells to selectively target and destroy lymphoma cells, a promising breakthrough in cancer treatment. The innovative approach uses glycans, sugar-like molecules that play crucial roles in disease, to steer the cells to malignant B-cells.
The study showed that the combination of chemotherapy and blinatumomab resulted in increased survival rates and achieved a high rate of MRD negativity for patients with Ph-negative B-cell ALL. This treatment approach has the potential to improve long-term outcomes for these patients.
A recent study has discovered a link between intestinal flora and inflammation in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis. IgA B cells play a key role in this process, accumulating in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue during acute flares of the illness.
Researchers have pinpointed two new potential therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis, a painful inflammatory disease affecting millions worldwide. The study reveals a novel cell population and mechanism driving joint inflammation, offering new avenues for therapy development.
Researchers have identified isolated lymphoid structures (ILSs) as novel prognostic markers for metastatic colorectal cancer. ILSs, which are integral to the immune system, orchestrate multifaceted immune responses and can predict improved clinical outcomes in patients.
A study in mice confirmed in human samples shows that the brain is protected against infection by immune cells from the gut. The meninges form an impermeable barrier preventing immune cells from entering the brain, but plasma cells secrete antibodies to defend the perimeter of the brain.
Researchers discovered that the gut's local immune system creates antibodies tailored to specific microbiota, challenging the long-held assumption of a non-specific approach. This finding has significant implications for understanding the relationship between the immune system and the composition of our microbiomes.
WEHI researchers used 'single cell multi-omics' to identify a previously unknown lymphocyte progenitor, which could give rise to T and B lymphocytes. This discovery adds a new layer to the immune family tree and provides insights into how these cells develop.
Researchers studied COVID-19 patients' immune systems, discovering potent biomarkers and patterns in T-cell and B-cell receptor proteins. The study aims to develop treatments inspired by the immune system, with potential clinical applications including prognostic tests and antibody therapies.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have developed novel anticancer compounds that inhibit the IRE-1/XBP-1 pathway, a key player in ER stress response. These inhibitors show selective activity against malignant B cells, including MM and CLL, with improved tumor specificity.
Researchers observed an overactive B cell response in severely ill COVID-19 patients, reminiscent of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which may inform treatment decisions. The findings could lead to the development of targeted therapies for patients with severe immune dysregulation.
A new study provides an in-depth look at how CD4+ T cells respond to SARS-CoV-2, revealing a novel T cell subset that may contribute to severe COVID-19 cases. The research also found that dysfunctional TFH cells can lead to reduced antibody production and worsen disease severity.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute discovered that CLL cells downregulate STING protein to allow for increased expression of B cell receptors on their surface, promoting survival. This reduction in STING expression enables stronger B cell receptor signaling, supporting CLL cell survival.
A study led by Avery Posey reveals the presence of CD19, a B cell molecule targeted by CAR T cell immunotherapy, in brain cells that protect the blood-brain barrier. This finding may be linked to neurotoxicity in patients undergoing CD19-directed CAR T cell therapy.
Scientists at La Jolla Institute for Immunology discover that high-valency antigens can lead to a more-is-better immune system reaction, while low-valency antigens result in a smaller, more targeted B cell response. The study suggests that selecting antigens with the right valency will depend on the disease being targeted.
Scientists have observed interaction between therapeutic antibodies and target protein for first time, describing molecular mechanisms. This discovery opens way to development of new synthetic antibodies controlling patient's immune response.
A new drug, ofatumumab, has been shown to significantly reduce inflammation and clinical relapses in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Nearly nine out of ten patients on the treatment showed no sign of disease activity after one year.
Researchers found that intestinal microbes direct antibody development before infection, with diverse B cell receptors shaped by beneficial bacteria. This process is not random and can be influenced by the type of microbe and its location in the body.
Researchers have uncovered how immune cells use chemical signals to navigate to the lymph nodes, where they help combat harmful bacteria and viruses. This discovery may pave the way for new treatments and a better understanding of why the immune system sometimes fails.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have identified a new type of cell, known as PRIME cells, whose presence in the bloodstream increases before a flare-up, allowing for potential early warnings. The discovery may hold key to understanding rheumatoid arthritis root causes and developing therapies to prevent flares.
Researchers have discovered a novel cell type called PRIME cells that accumulate in the blood before rheumatoid arthritis flares, allowing for potential early prediction of disease onset. The findings could lead to better management of the condition and its symptoms.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have identified a common molecular feature in human antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2, which could lead to the development of effective vaccines. The study found that boosting levels of these potent antibodies, encoded by the IGHV3-53 gene, may provide adequate protection against COVID-19.
A mouse study found that early exposure to vaccine- or microbiota-derived antigens significantly affects antibody diversity in adults. B-1 B cells, a subset of immune cells, were found to have diverse antibody responses in mice with normal gut microbiota versus those grown in sterile germ-free conditions.
Studies from Osaka University revealed that Tet2 and Tet3 proteins play a crucial role in regulating B cell activity and preventing autoimmunity. By knocking out these proteins, researchers found increased serum levels of autoantibodies and organ damage in mice, highlighting the importance of epigenetic control in immune function.
Researchers discovered a protein called Pdap1 that supports B cells in producing effective antibodies while protecting them from cell death. The protein helps B cells cope with stress and promotes antibody gene diversification, ensuring a strong humoral immune response.
Researchers used DNA origami to create virus-like particles coated with HIV proteins, eliciting a strong immune response from human B cells. The study found that the optimal spacing between antigens is wider than previously thought, contradicting common assumptions.
Scientists create super-powered natural killer cells by deleting an inhibitory gene, resulting in improved anti-tumor activity and persistence. The modified cells also exhibit enhanced metabolic reprogramming and energy utilization, leading to more effective cancer treatment.
The BLISS-LN study showed that belimumab added to standard therapy resulted in a significantly better primary renal response at 2 years, with 43% showing improvement versus 32% on placebo. Additionally, patients treated with belimumab had a 50% lower risk of experiencing renal events associated with poor prognosis.
A phase III trial showed rituximab significantly improves the three-year survival rate for pediatric patients with advanced B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, decreasing treatment failures by 70 percent.
Researchers found APRIL protein essential for plasmacyte development and immunoglobulin production in humans. A deficiency in APRIL leads to reduced plasmacyte numbers and increased susceptibility to infections.
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have shown promise in treating non-small cell lung cancer, but the proportion of patients who benefit from these treatments is relatively small. Researchers are exploring biomarkers to identify potential beneficiaries and improve cost-effectiveness.
Researchers at Kazan Federal University have made significant progress in developing CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors. The treatment uses genetically modified lymphocytes to target and destroy tumor cells, showing promising results in animal models.
A team of scientists at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München has isolated immune cells from human tonsils obtained following routine surgery, allowing them to analyze the immune response and test anti-inflammatory agents. The new culture system enables researchers to study human lymphoid tissue under physiologically relevant conditions.
Researchers found that B cells migrate to multiple brain areas after a stroke, targeting regions critical for motor and cognitive recovery. The discovery could lead to new therapeutic avenues for stroke patients.
Research from Lund University found that clusters of B cells in melanoma tumors, called tertiary lymphoid structures, are linked to improved prognosis and response to immunotherapy. This study confirms the role of B-cells in the immune response against cancer cells.
Researchers have found that B cells play a crucial role in the response to immunotherapy for certain types of cancer, including soft tissue sarcomas. These cells, which were previously thought to be passive bystanders, are now seen as key players in the anti-tumor immune response.
Researchers from the La Jolla Institute for Immunology identified a new role for HMCES in alternative end-joining, a secondary strategy used by mammalian cells to rejoin severe cuts across both strands of DNA. This discovery suggests that HMCES is versatile enough to accomplish entirely different tasks in response to DNA damage.
Scientists are searching for the source of group E antibodies, which trigger most allergic reactions. They aim to deepen understanding of these molecules and develop effective treatments, as class E immunoglobulin is involved in one-third of all diseases.
A study by Yale researchers has found that adipose B cells in belly fat unexpectedly proliferate with aging, contributing to increased inflammation and metabolic decline. The expansion can be reversed by reducing macrophage signals and removing adipose B cells.
Researchers developed a faster and stronger rabies vaccine by adding B cell activating factor (BAFF) to an existing inactivated virus-based vaccine. This new approach enhanced the immune system's response, increasing virus-neutralizing antibodies quickly and significantly.
Scientists have discovered that supercentenarians, people over 110, have an excess of cytotoxic CD4 T-cells, which may be key to their immunity. This finding could provide new insights into the mechanisms of healthy aging and immunosurveillance.
Researchers have discovered a way in which leukemia cells can change their identity to become macrophages, a process known as transdifferentiation. This transformation occurs through epigenetic changes that alter the cell's genetic material, allowing it to acquire new functions and behaviors.
A study published in Science Translational Medicine founds that blocking the molecule ALCAM can delay the progression of multiple sclerosis. The disease causes symptoms such as fatigue, lack of coordination and vision problems in people like 20,000 Canadians with the disease.
A new study found that tocilizumab is more effective than rituximab in reducing disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have low B-cell infiltration in their synovial tissue. Tocilizumab achieved significant improvements in both low levels and falls in disease activity, particularly in the B-cell poor patient subgroup.
A new HIV vaccine strategy has been successfully demonstrated in proof-of-principle tests, targeting young immune cells and showing promise against the flu, dengue, malaria, and hepatitis C. The approach stimulates broadly neutralizing antibodies capable of neutralizing multiple strains of the virus.
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science and Germany's University of Cologne have identified two antibodies produced by vaccinated individuals that provide long-term immunity against Ebola. These antibodies, which target specific sites on the viral glycoprotein, demonstrate effective protection against the virus.