Articles tagged with Immune Cells
A recent study published in Diabetes Care found that almost half of patients with type 1 diabetes for over ten years still produce some insulin. Higher levels of interleukin-35 were detected in these patients, suggesting a link between this protein and the regeneration of remaining insulin-producing cells.
Researchers have discovered that directly injecting a tumor suppressor activator into a cancer can increase tumor destruction, while reducing toxic side effects. The agent, nutlin-3a, activates the natural p53 gene, which helps immune cells target and kill cancer cells.
New research examines the impact of Ebola virus proteins packaged in exosomes on the immune system, impairing its ability to fight off the infection. The study highlights the potential for exosomal VP40 to have a substantial impact on Ebola virus disease.
A study by Brigham and Women's Hospital investigators found that 55 out of 270 genetic loci associated with seven autoimmune diseases could be mapped back to causal genes using eQTLs in immune cells. However, this only accounts for a small fraction of the genetic loci examined.
A recent study by Georgia State University researchers found that female brains have more active immune cells in pain processing regions. This leads to improved response to opioid pain medication, often less effective in females.
Researchers found that a genetic immunodeficiency and delayed acquired immunity combine to produce life-threatening infection. The study identified a critical protein TIRAP that plays a key role in immune defense against invading bacteria.
Researchers found that bacterial infections have vastly different outcomes depending on oxygen levels in the body. Exposure to low oxygen before infection may protect against illness without compromising immunity.
Researchers found that pancreatic beta cells release proteins and their packaging, exosomes, which target the immune system. The study suggests a new direction for treatments focused on inhibiting immune cell activation.
New research clarifies why wounds heal more slowly with age by examining molecular changes in aging mouse skin. The results show that disruptions in communication between skin cells and immune cells slow down the healing process.
Researchers at Umeå University found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can dampen inflammatory processes and weaken the immune system's ability to combat bacterial infections. This discovery challenges the long-held assumption that ROS always contribute to inflammation.
Joanna Kreitinger, a University of Montana graduate student, has been awarded a prestigious immunology fellowship to study immune cell development and contribute to understanding lung diseases. Under Professor David Shepherd's leadership, her research aims to develop new drugs to treat diseases of the immune system.
A study from Imperial College London found that previous exposure to the dengue virus may increase the potency of Zika infection, potentially leading to more severe symptoms. The research suggests that the Zika virus uses the body's own defences as a 'Trojan horse', allowing it to enter human cells undetected and replicate rapidly.
Researchers have created a new mouse model to evaluate CD40-antibody drugs with improved accuracy, advancing those more likely to be effective in patients. The study found that engagement of the human Fc receptor FcRIIB is essential for therapeutic activity, while FcRIIA compromises it.
Melbourne researchers have identified the genes Hobit and Blimp1, which control a universal molecular program for placing immune cells at the front lines of the body to fight infection and cancer. This discovery has major implications for developing strategies to induce immune cells in tissues that protect against infectious diseases.
Researchers found that certain gut bacteria can shield the brain from stroke by directing immune cells to protect it. Modifying the microbiotic makeup of the gut may become a novel method to prevent stroke, particularly for high-risk patients.
A study by Cedars-Sinai researchers found that the C9orf72 gene is crucial for immune cell function in the brain, leading to potential new therapies for ALS. The discovery highlights the active contribution of the brain's immune system to disease progression.
Researchers found that carbon nanomaterials, like C60 molecules, can enter immune cell membranes without triggering a response. This passive entry allows the materials to escape and evade the cell's disposal mechanisms.
Researchers have identified a potential treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI) by targeting the inflammatory response. The experimental drug MW151 appears to dampen down detrimental inflammatory responses without suppressing the normal functions cells need to maintain health.
Researchers at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research found that cholesterol-rich domains on phagosome membranes facilitate the transport of pathogens to lysosomes for degradation. This process is disrupted by certain parasites, potentially allowing them to survive and spread infection.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have captured atomic images of the herpes simplex 1 virus revealing how it inserts itself into another protein to evade detection by immune cells. The study provides a mechanistic explanation for the virus's ability to escape immune system recognition.
A new study by UC San Francisco scientists shows that the proportion of normal cells in tumor samples can skew genetic analysis results. The team used a massive dataset to examine how tumor purity affects three common genomic methods, revealing potentially disruptive effects on cancer research findings and clinical classifications.
A network of immune cells helps the appendix maintain digestive system health by preventing damage and inflammation during bacterial attacks. This discovery suggests the appendix may be more relevant to our health than previously thought, potentially even serving as a natural reservoir for 'good' bacteria.
Researchers have discovered that neuroblastoma cells produce a molecule called 'arginase' that breaks down arginine, an essential energy source for immune cells. This creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment that impairs the body's ability to fight the disease.
Researchers found that mutations in one copy of the AIRE gene can cause symptoms of a rare autoimmune disorder, paving the way for specific diagnostic and treatment strategies. Dominant AIRE mutations are also more common than previously thought, occurring in at least 1 in 1,000 individuals.
Researchers discovered that immune cells are drawn to damaged sites via hydrogen peroxide and a well-established immune signaling pathway. This knowledge could help design therapies to control immune cell behavior and prevent diseases like autoimmunity and chronic inflammation.
As we age, our gut's immune system regulator IL-6 increases, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation and a weakened barrier, making us more susceptible to infections and diseases.
Scientists have found that certain bacteria produce tiny particles called vesicles that can provoke an immune response in the gut, leading to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The study highlights a potential target for IBD treatments, a bacterial enzyme that could help prevent symptoms.
Researchers found that a Rab protein boosts PIP2 production, enabling HIV-1 assembly. Immune cells lacking this protein show impaired viral replication.
Researchers discovered that immune cells secrete molecules across a small gap, which larger drugs struggle to penetrate. Smaller molecules are key to targeting immune cells, offering new ideas for treating auto-immune diseases and increasing cancer reactivity.
Researchers found that fibroblastic reticular cells from lymph nodes improved survival in mouse models of sepsis, even when treatment was delayed by up to 16 hours. FRC administration prevented damage to the spleen and death of immune cells, leading to reduced bacterial levels in the bloodstream.
A new study suggests that gut microorganisms support the production of immune cells, which are essential for fighting infection. The research found that mice lacking gut microbes were more susceptible to bacterial infections, highlighting the importance of maintaining a healthy balance of gut microbes in our immune system.
Researchers at The Rockefeller University demonstrate that engineering Fc domains of anti-toxin antibodies enhances toxin neutralization activity. Mice expressing humanized FcR were better protected from anthrax toxin when given engineered anti-anthrax toxin antibodies.
The study reveals how lymphotoxins control the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the gut, maintaining immunological balance. Lacking lymphotoxins can lead to reduced or halted IgA production and changes in intestinal flora.
Levels of bisphenol A (BPA) in dialysis machine components have been found to be toxic to the immune cells circulating in kidney failure patients' blood. Researchers analyzed the effects of BPA on immune cells and found that alternative polymers for dialyzers' components may reduce BPA elution during dialysis.
Researchers found autoantibodies in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome 18-7 years before symptoms appeared. The study's results suggest that autoantibody profiling may help identify individuals at risk of autoimmune disease years before symptom onset.
Researchers created a synthetic polymer that mimics the binding of HIV to immune system cells, effectively blocking the virus from entering the body. The study suggests this polymer could be used in condoms or vaginal gels to prevent the spread of HIV by sexual contact.
A new UCLA study found that different types of happiness have surprisingly different effects on the human genome. People with eudaimonic well-being showed favorable gene-expression profiles in their immune cells, while those with hedonic well-being showed an adverse profile.
McGill researchers used computational tools to examine the solutions immune systems may use to detect small concentrations of foreign antigens in a sea of self-antigens. The study found that almost all solutions shared a common core structure or motif, revealing a surprisingly simple solution related to biochemical adaptation.
Researchers at WashU Medicine successfully manipulate immune cells using light to move them towards a beam of light, holding potential for controlling insulin secretion or heart rate. The study uses genetic engineering techniques to introduce a light-sensitive protein into immune cells, enabling them to sense and respond to light signals.
A new study reveals that immune cells can recognize and respond to mutated HIV, paving the way for an effective vaccine. The research suggests that a vaccine targeting key mutant forms of the virus could be effective in preventing HIV infection and AIDS.
The study found that green leafy vegetables interact with a cell surface receptor to switch on the T-bet gene, producing innate lymphoid cells crucial for immune surveillance and gut health. These immune cells may aid in treating bacterial infections, promoting good bacteria, and preventing bowel cancers.
A recent study discovered that a lack of proteins Bax and Bak in immune cells can lead to severe autoimmune disease. The research suggests that these proteins play a crucial role in regulating cell death, and their deficiency may be linked to diseases such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus.
Researchers at IST Austria found that immune cells follow gradients of guidance cues, which are bound to the tissue, to navigate through the skin. The cells use a mixed strategy, combining sensing of soluble and insoluble cues, to find their way back to lymphatic vessels.
Researchers at Whitehead Institute developed a method called sortagging, which uses the bacterial enzyme sortase A to modify antibodies to carry various payloads. This approach allows for highly targeted and potent responses from immune cells, potentially aiding in vaccine development.
Researchers found that immune cells, including microglia, are defective in their ability to migrate in Huntington's disease. The study suggests that changes in immune cell function may underlie some of the symptoms of HD.
Scientists have discovered a way to quantify mutant huntingtin protein in immune cells isolated from a normal blood draw, which shows significant correlation with disease symptom severity. This breakthrough could enable the development of non-invasive biomarkers for Huntington's disease.
Researchers identified Puma and Bim as molecules that work together to kill self-reactive immune cells, which accumulate and attack body organs in autoimmune diseases. The study sheds light on the protection mechanism against autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers identify innate lymphoid cells as key players in limiting commensal bacteria to intestinal tissues. The study suggests that targeting these immune cells or specific bacterial groups may be useful in treating chronic inflammatory diseases.
A study by Queen's University researcher Troy Murphy found female birds with more colourful bills have higher antibody levels, indicating greater strength and ability to fight off invaders. The colour of a female bird's bill is strongly correlated with immunoglobulin antibodies, a component of the immune system in birds.
Researchers at Rutgers University have discovered a new way to stimulate the activity of immune cell opiate receptors, leading to efficient tumor cell clearance. The study builds upon previous research showing that replenishing endorphins can prevent stress and immune problems in fetal alcohol-exposed test subjects.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University create gold nanoparticles that trigger an immune response when coated with specific chemical residues, revealing a key link between hydrophobicity and immune system activation. This breakthrough has the potential to improve drug delivery systems and lead to more effective medications and vaccinations.
Researchers identify 'gatekeeper' ADAM17 involved in regulating immune response and preventing inflammatory skin disease. Reactivation of Notch signaling rescues local skin inflammation and abnormal immune cell proliferation.
Researchers at Cornell University discovered how Toxoplasma gondii evades the human immune system by hijacking immune cells and manipulating cell behavior. The parasite's ability to control its host's immune system challenges common conceptions of pathogen-host interactions.
Researchers at Northwestern University have discovered a new protein called P21, which acts as a protective barrier against hyperactive immune cells in people with rheumatoid arthritis. By inhibiting the immune cells' destructive rampage, the bouncer molecule halts the disease process, offering a promising new avenue for future therapies.
Researchers at University of California - San Diego have discovered that inhibiting a single enzyme helps slow disease progression in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. The study suggests that targeting fatty acid metabolism could lead to new therapies with fewer side effects.
Scientists at WashU Medicine reveal that CD8 alpha+ dendritic cells (CD8a+ DCs) help fight infections, but can also be hijacked by bacteria like Listeria to cause harm. The trait that makes these cells both an asset and a liability is the way they alert other immune cells.
The Scripps Research Institute scientists have discovered a new model of blood clot formation, which could lead to better drugs for preventing heart attacks and other clot-related conditions. The findings highlight the role of P2X7 receptor in activating tissue factor, a key player in the clotting process.
A new experimental vaccine made from frozen immune cells has shown promise in extending the survival of metastatic prostate cancer patients. The vaccine, APC8015F, was found to increase median survival by approximately 10 months compared to those not treated with it.
Researchers discovered that a tumor suppressor gene, p120, can actually contribute to cancer development when it's absent. In mice models, the loss of p120 led to hyperactivated immune systems and pro-tumor generating cells that promoted cancer growth.
Researchers will study how tumor cells avoid immune detection, enabling cancer spread, and test whether modifying the environment can activate unresponsive immune cells against cancer. The grant enables visualization of tumor and immune cell interactions in real-time.