Articles tagged with Immune Cells
Researchers discovered that immune cells can enter tissues by exploiting the division of surrounding cells, which creates a gap for them to pass through. This process is crucial for the immune system's rescue service, and understanding it could lead to new strategies for cancer research and autoimmune diseases.
Researchers discovered that checkpoint inhibitors can activate regulatory T cells, which can counteract the immune response. Blocking PD-L1 enhanced effector Treg activity, reducing ability to control parasite infections. This finding highlights complexity of immune system's balance between controlling pathogens and protecting healthy ...
A new study found that microglia regulate neuronal subtypes differently in response to bacteria, affecting intrinsic excitability. Pyramidal cells exhibited lower excitability, while Purkinje cells showed higher excitability when modulated by microglia.
Inhibiting a key signaling pathway in brain-resident immune cells may calm brain inflammation and slow Alzheimer's disease. The NF-κB pathway's activation triggers inflammatory activation of microglia, leading to tau tangle formation and spread.
The AURORA study found that metastatic breast cancer tumors have distinct genetic and immune feature profiles compared to primary tumors. These differences may lead to more effective treatments by considering individual patient biopsies and biomarkers.
Researchers at Institut Pasteur found that immunocompromised patients experience disrupted immune mechanisms, including reduced production of antibodies and increased pathogenic bacteria, after a bone marrow transplant. This discovery could lead to more effective treatment protocols for these patients.
A team of Danish researchers has shed new light on a fundamental mechanism in all living cells that helps them explore their surroundings and even invade tissue. By studying the mechanical behavior of filopodia, they discovered how cancer cells use these structures to move towards their targets and penetrate tissues.
Researchers at the University of Huddersfield have identified a key mechanism by which the coronavirus causes inflammation in the brain's immune cells, potentially explaining some symptoms experienced by COVID-19 patients. The study suggests that adequate funding is needed to further develop this research and its potential applications.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine have found that an enzyme called ART1 can modify a receptor on tumor-fighting immune cells, triggering their death. Blocking ART1 increased the presence of these immune cells within tumors and slowed or stopped tumor growth in animal models.
Research identifies three bacterial metabolites and corresponding genes that affect immune cell activity, providing a novel mechanistic insight into gut immunity. The findings suggest restoring these compounds or bacteria could lead to therapeutic treatments for inflammatory diseases.
A study published in eLife found that measuring changes in immune cell populations may help predict the prognosis of patients with ALS. Certain immune cells were associated with better or worse survival rates, providing new insights into the disease's progression.
Human immune cells occupy certain tissues and remain there for years, contrary to previous belief. T cells found to be optimally adapted to their local environment, potentially supporting barrier function.
Researchers developed genetic modifications to increase stress resistance and immune evasion in stem cell-derived beta cells, leading to improved survival rates. The study suggests a potential breakthrough for treating type 1 diabetes through transplantation of these cells.
Researchers found that some painkillers and fever medications may help fight infection, while others can weaken the immune system. The review highlights the need for more studies on the impact of these medicines on infectious diseases.
A new study by Karolinska Institutet reveals that natural killer cells respond to a specific peptide on the surface of infected cells. This peptide triggers an activation response in NK cells carrying the NKG2A receptor, allowing them to kill virus-infected cells.
A new study finds that immune cells clear away a key Alzheimer's disease protein on an oscillating daily cycle controlled by circadian rhythms. The discovery provides a potential mechanism linking Alzheimer's disease to disruptions in sleep cycles and may lead to the development of chronotherapeutics.
A novel immune-profiling method can return detailed immune cell type proportions using only DNA from blood, potentially allowing for individualized prediction of outcomes in immunotherapy patients. This approach offers the opportunity to ask and answer questions about the immune system in health and disease.
Researchers at Helmholtz Munich have discovered a crucial link between the immune system and metabolic response to fasting. By examining liver cells and immune cells, they found that immune cells can directly influence the effect of fasting on metabolism through a key molecule called the glucocorticoid receptor.
Scientists analyzed over 100,000 cells from 15 human brain metastases and identified two functional archetypes of metastatic cells, each containing both immune and non-immune cell types. These archetypes work together within single cells to shape inflammatory and proliferative processes co-existent in each metastatic tumor.
Scientists sequenced the gene expression profiles of more than 170,000 individual cells to shed light on a key mystery: the role of Type I Interferons (IFN) during viral infections. The study reveals interferon plays a crucial role in clearing the virus by alerting immune cells, such as macrophages, to search and destroy infected cells.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes and UC San Francisco have developed a CRISPR activation method that allows them to activate genes in human immune cells, revealing key regulators of cytokine production. This breakthrough accelerates immunotherapy research and may lead to more powerful cancer treatments.
Researchers found that current COVID-19 vaccines provide robust protection against severe disease caused by the Omicron variant through induced cellular immunity. The study showed that CD8+ T cell responses were over 80% cross-reactive with the original strain, suggesting a key role in vaccine protection.
Researchers discovered a key growth factor protein, HB-EGF, produced by immune-regulating cells that protects the gut against inflammatory bowel disease. ILC3s produce HB-EGF to counteract TNF-induced inflammation and maintain gut barrier function.
Researchers found that inhibiting gasdermin D, a protein involved in septic patients' organ lesions, can prevent multiple-organ damage and improve prognosis. Disulfiram, a drug originally indicated for alcohol dependence, was shown to inhibit gasdermin D and reduce tissue injury.
A new study led by Mount Sinai researchers found that microglia may play a critical role in some cases of brain disease, and provides a comprehensive guide for future studies. The study identified two new genes linked to brain disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Scientists at the University of Basel have discovered a new signaling pathway that enables T cells to survive for decades. Coronin 1 regulates this pathway, which suppresses T cell death by maintaining PI3Kdelta activity. This finding has significant implications for understanding and controlling immune function.
Researchers have discovered a fundamental role of the TBK1 enzyme in deciding B cell fate, crucial for developing effective vaccines for diseases like COVID-19 and malaria. The study reveals that TBK1 is necessary for germinal center formation and high-quality antibody production.
Microglia, the brain's immune cells, migrate to the retina using blood vessels as pathways and require neurogenesis for colonization. The study provides insights into microglial migration and its implications for neurodegenerative diseases.
A study by Weill Cornell Medicine scientists found that blocking a signaling pathway in brain immune cells can protect against Alzheimer's disease features in a preclinical model. The results suggest a new strategy to block the development of the disease or slow its progression.
New research found that physical activity is linked to lower microglial activation, a key factor in Alzheimer's disease pathology. The study, published in JNeurosci, suggests that exercise may help reduce inflammation and improve cognitive aging in older adults with more severe AD pathology.
Researchers discovered inhibiting or genetically deleting the MTHFD2 enzyme reduced disease severity in various inflammatory disease models. This suggests that MTHFD2 function is important for immune cell regulation, particularly for T cell subsets involved in inflammation.
Recent research highlights microglia's involvement in Alzheimer's development and progression. A better understanding of microglial dysfunction may help explore signs and mechanisms of the disease, as well as enable microglia as a potential therapeutic target.
A team of researchers at George Washington University has identified DDR1 as a key molecule that prevents immune cells from entering and killing breast tumor cells. Deactivating this molecule allows immune cells to infiltrate the tumor and kill cancer cells, opening up new avenues for therapeutic agents.
A new study identifies three functional subtypes of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) in lung cancer, which correspond to patients' treatment responses. These subtypes have distinct biological functions and therapeutic implications, suggesting that CAFs could serve as a key to enhancing personalized treatment for lung cancer patients.
A study of young Swedish adults found that over one in four had SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, but fewer had measurable levels of memory B and T cells compared to other age groups. The researchers will continue to study long COVID and vaccination effects on immunity.
New study reveals that blocking interleukin-23 is more effective than targeting both interleukin-23 and interleukin-12 in treating psoriasis. Interleukin-12, previously thought to contribute to the disease, actually protects against it by maintaining normal skin cell function.
A study in rats found that a diet of highly processed foods led to inflammation and behavioral signs of memory loss in the brain. Supplementing with omega-3 fatty acid DHA prevented these effects almost entirely. The study suggests that limiting processed foods and increasing DHA consumption may help prevent rapid memory decline in old...
New research reveals that microglia in the brain take up more glucose than previously thought, leading to altered PET scan images. This finding has significant implications for understanding neurodegenerative diseases and developing new diagnostic tools.
A UCL-led research team has identified an anti-viral gene that increases the risk of both Alzheimer's disease and severe Covid-19. The study found that a specific variant of the OAS1 gene amplifies inflammation in the brain, highlighting the importance of the immune system in both conditions.
Researchers at Yale University found that aging immune cells within fat tissue lose their ability to produce heat in cold temperatures. Stimulating new production of these cells actually makes older mice more prone to cold-induced death.
Isaac Hilton is using non-integrating episomal DNA viruses to create a new platform technology for cell and gene therapies. He aims to hijack these viruses to safely program medicinal functions in human cells.
Researchers uncover a neuro-immune process by which brain signals instruct immune function in visceral fat stores, providing new approaches for fighting obesity and related illness. The study identifies a critical mediator of neuro-immune communication, mesenchymal cells, and reveals the molecular messages exchanged across all steps.
Researchers identified specialized immune cells in cauliflower coral and starlet sea anemone that can fight infection. These unique cell types were previously unknown and have implications for understanding coral resilience to climate change.
TRAIL-coated nanoparticles kill 57% of cancer cells in patient blood samples, with higher lipid raft death receptor 4 levels coinciding with increased treatment efficacy.
A newly discovered fat 'shield' protects natural killer cells from their own deadly biological weapons, but also allows some cancer cells to evade an immune system attack. The shield is made of lipids and reinforces the cell membrane before an attack, preventing the toxic substances from penetrating the membrane.
Researchers analyzed patient specimens and clinical trial data from thousands of patients to assess the importance of immune cell molecules called Fc gamma receptors (FCGRs) in the therapeutic efficacy of two antibody drugs. High levels of FCGR2B on tumor cells were found to prevent rituximab efficacy, while obinutuzumab was not impact...
MSU researchers have discovered how the skin's immune cells organize themselves in the epidermis to provide proper protection. The discovery sheds light on the skin's defense system, which was previously misunderstood and thought to be random in its distribution.
Researchers have discovered that non-professional cells can detect changes in metabolism and activate defensive measures against pathogens. This finding has implications for understanding immunity in humans and potentially developing new tools to prevent and treat infections.
University of Minnesota Medical School researchers found that senescent immune cells drive tissue damage and shorten lifespan. The team identified these cells as the most dangerous type of senescent cell, paving the way for developing senolytic drugs targeting them.
A machine learning algorithm, FARDEEP, has been developed to assess an individual patient's risk of regenerative outcomes after surgical treatments of peri-implantitis. The study found that immune cell types central to microbial control are strongly correlated with superior clinical outcomes.
A study published in International Immunology found that a tropical ginger-derived compound, ACA, attenuates mitochondrial damage and reduces inflammation by blocking the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This suggests ACA may be a promising therapeutic strategy for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers created human intestinal cells to study SARS-CoV-2 infection process. The findings indicate the virus silences immune response in infected cells, suggesting new ways to treat it.
New research reveals fundamental differences in how baby and adult immune cells respond to TB, with a greater ability of adult cells to shift their energy profile after infection. The study highlights the importance of understanding how the immune system uses energy to develop better treatments for vulnerable populations.
Researchers at Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute discover WAVE2's crucial role in regulating immune system balance. Disabling WAVE2 in mice leads to severe autoimmunity and inflammation, highlighting its importance in maintaining a balanced immune response.
A new study implicates a type of immune cell in the development of chronic lung disease following viral infection. Measuring dendritic cells may help doctors identify high-risk patients.
A new study reveals the immune system's 'tripwire' defense mechanism, which uses a protein called NLRP1 to detect and respond to invasive pathogens. This evolutionarily elegant way of detecting viral infection opens up new avenues for investigating potential future clinical applications.
The immune system surveils the brain from a distance and only enters when it finds a problem. This finding explains why the brain was thought to be immunoprivileged. Targeting immune cells at surveillance sites may lead to new treatments for conditions driven by brain inflammation, such as multiple sclerosis.
Researchers discovered that MS immune cells destroy excitatory synapses, impairing neural activity. However, the destruction is reversible upon inflammation resolution, offering new therapeutic approaches to slow disease progression.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology created 3D maps of how enhancer sequences and genes interact in several types of immune cells. The new study opens the door to understanding individual risk for diseases from asthma to cancer.
A new study suggests that targeting the RANK signaling pathway can enhance antitumor immune responses, making breast cancer more responsive to immunotherapy. The findings come from a clinical trial and preclinical research, demonstrating the potential of this approach to convert 'cold' tumors into 'warm' ones.