Articles tagged with Bacterial Dna
A recent study by Nationwide Children's Hospital scientists has identified a new method by which nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae builds its biofilms, resulting in improved therapeutic options for respiratory diseases such as sinusitis and pneumonia.
Researchers encoded and played back a primitive movie in DNA using CRISPR technology, enabling the potential to record changing internal states of neurons. The 'molecular recorder' could one day allow for non-intrusive tracking of events over time, revolutionizing brain development studies.
Researchers discovered anti-CRISPR proteins that decrease off-target side effects by up to four-fold, acting as a kill switch to disable CRISPR-Cas9 after its job is done. Delivering CRISPR and then the protein reduces off-target effects in human cells.
Researchers found that Corynebacterium mastitidis lives on the eyes of laboratory mice and helps them fend off pathogenic microbes. The bacteria stimulates a local immune response, keeping it under control while preventing harmful infection.
Researchers at Cornell University and Harvard Medical School have observed the bacterial defense mechanism against invaders, revealing how CRISPR sites store molecular memories of invaders. The study provides structural data to improve CRISPR operations' efficiency and accuracy.
Researchers at UC San Diego have invented a new method for controlling gene expression across bacterial colonies by engineering dynamic DNA copy number changes. This approach allows for the regulation of gene expression, enabling the creation of synthetic biological circuits that can be turned on and off.
Researchers describe for the first time the exact chain of events as the CRISPR complex loads target DNA and prepares it for cutting by the Cas3 enzyme. The study reveals a molecular redundancy that prevents unintended genomic damage, providing insights into ways to improve CRISPR-Cas systems for precision gene editing.
Researchers at Arizona State University have developed a new approach to convert biomass into renewable biofuels and chemicals, using the trial-and-error power of evolution. By harnessing this power, they were able to coax bacteria to better ferment sugars derived from biomass, leading to a 50% increase in product yield.
Researchers have found that some pathogenic bacteria use an undulating 'wave-pattern' to mark future sites of division, instead of conventional biological systems. This discovery provides new insights into how these bacteria divide and could lead to new ways to fight them.
Researchers have developed a rapid screening method to identify beneficial pairs of existing FDA-approved drugs to combat multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. The approach identified 14 drugs that could be paired synergistically, with the most promising pairing combining azidothymidine and floxuridine.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University develop new DNA delivery technology to neutralize lethal activity of drug-resistant bacterial pathogens. The innovation expands the range of bacteriophages, enabling manipulation and potentially leading to the development of new drugs.
Researchers have generated both novel and existing antibiotic resistance mechanisms in soil exposed to specific antibiotics. The study found 36 antibiotic resistance genes, including some multi-drug efflux pumps that pump antibiotics out of bacteria.
E. coli bacteria defend themselves against toxins by forming dynamic tunnels through their cell wall, allowing them to expel intruders. This mechanism may also contribute to antibiotic resistance, prompting researchers to explore new strategies for combating resistant bacteria.
Researchers have created a bacteria-powered fuel cell that can convert methane into small amounts of electricity near the wellheads, reducing long-distance transport and leakage. The process uses a consortium of bacteria that produces electricity by capturing methane and producing acetate, electrons, and an energy enzyme.
Researchers have found evidence that enterococci bacteria developed antimicrobial resistance around 425 million years ago, when their prehistoric animal hosts transitioned to land. This ancient adaptation enabled the bacteria to survive in a range of challenging environments, including hospital settings.
Researchers have discovered a giant shipworm, Kuphus polythalamia, with a unique symbiotic relationship between bacteria and the animal, which converts sulfur gas into nutrients. This finding may provide insights into how humans can adapt to tolerate beneficial bacteria and how these bacteria cause infections.
Researchers have identified the structure of NsrR, a bacterial protein that binds to DNA and plays a key role in resisting nitric oxide, a toxic byproduct of the human immune response. The study provides new insights into how bacteria counteract NO and highlights the importance of understanding this complex process.
A mouse study reveals that Clostridia bacteria provide key protection against infection, in addition to aiding digestion. Newborn mice lack these beneficial bacteria, making them more vulnerable to pathogens. The findings suggest that the introduction of protective bacteria may hold promise for preventing gut infections in human newborns.
Researchers have identified specific types of bacteria that are abundant in individuals with colorectal cancer. Using a combination of markers, scientists anticipate the development of a noninvasive, sensitive clinical diagnostic test. The study confirms previously reported bacteria and identifies new ones associated with the disease.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have discovered that vaccine-induced IgA antibodies 'enchain' bacteria in the intestine, forming clumps that prevent disease and genetic exchange of resistant genes. This approach could lead to a new strategy for intestinal infections, including farm animal vaccination and potential human applications.
Researchers have discovered a defined architecture of the bacterial expressome, allowing for a better understanding of how bacteria impact human health. This finding may lead to the development of new antibiotics that target bacteria but leave human cells unharmed.
The European Union has funded two projects at Goethe University Frankfurt: one on producing environmentally friendly fuels from bacteria that can use carbon dioxide as a feedstock, and another on understanding how bacteria manipulate the ubiquitin system to their advantage in infectious diseases such as Salmonella and Shigella.
A recent cluster of sexually transmitted infections in the US has revealed that meningitis bacteria are adapting to a urogenital environment, gaining enzymes to grow in low-oxygen conditions. The capsule-less organism is less likely to cause invasive diseases, but may still be susceptible to existing vaccines.
A collaborative study reveals the molecular details of the relationship between Brugia malayi and its endosymbiotic bacteria, Wolbachia. The researchers found that Wolbachia plays a critical role in worm reproduction and survival, making it an essential target for novel drug development.
Researchers discovered five species of bacteria that have been passed down from generation to generation in social bees for 80 million years. These symbiotic bacteria are a key part of the biology of social bees and can cause health problems if disrupted.
Researchers discovered that microbes activate CRISPR systems early on in viral infections, capturing snippets of viral DNA to create a powerful defense. This early response enables microbes to recognize and attack subsequent viral infections more effectively.
Researchers found that antibiotics like trimethoprim induce a stress response in bacteria, protecting them from acidic damage. This cross-protection mechanism increases the survival chances of bacteria exposed to antibiotics and other environmental stresses.
Researchers found a significant association between sulfide-producing bacteria and increased risk of colon cancer in African-Americans. The study also revealed that Bilophila wadsworthia, a bacterium producing hydrogen sulfide, was more abundant in African-Americans with colon cancer than healthy counterparts.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have developed a new method to monitor soil microbes, which could boost the success of ecological restoration projects. By analyzing the DNA of bacteria in soil samples, scientists found that native plant revegetation can restore a natural state to cleared land just eight years after implementa...
Researchers have created a paper-based method to detect Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli in food and water samples, which can produce results within 4-12 hours. Combining this technique with electrochemical analysis could lead to a simpler yet more comprehensive way to detect bacterial contaminants.
A study of over 8,000 Kuwaiti adolescents found that metabolic diseases are associated with altered oral bacteria and increased risk of dental disease. The study suggests that preventive dental care is crucial for managing metabolic diseases.
Researchers from U-M Medical School and VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System studied the DNA of bacteria in healthy volunteers' lungs, finding most bacteria arrived through microaspiration. The study confirms that bronchoscope-based techniques can be used to study the lung microbiome in both healthy and sick individuals.
Researchers found that a genetic immunodeficiency and delayed acquired immunity combine to produce life-threatening infection. The study identified a critical protein TIRAP that plays a key role in immune defense against invading bacteria.
Researchers identified a novel biological aspect of Rhizoctonia solani, where bacteria persistently associate with the fungus during growth on solid media. This association affects the biology of the fungal host and its interactions with plants, raising prospects for developing alternative disease management strategies.
A genomic study reveals that European and African H. pylori strains intermingled in the Americas, replacing local strains and forming distinct new sub-populations adapted to local conditions.
Researchers found that viruses stimulate the assembly of light-harvesting complexes in host bacteria, allowing for efficient photosynthesis and energy production. This mechanism provides a selective advantage to the virus, enabling it to replicate quickly.
A Rice University study models the dynamic evolution of the microbial immune system, revealing a three-region phase diagram where phages thrive or are driven to extinction. The study explains confusing CRISPR experimental results by highlighting the importance of encounter rates and mutation parameters.
Researchers discovered how bacteria build new cell walls by 'treadmilling', adding material to the front and removing it from the rear. This process allows for rapid cell division, with new cell walls constructed in just 10-15 minutes.
Scientists have discovered a new protein that regulates gene expression and is frequently found next to antibiotic-producing gene clusters. The discovery, known as LoaP, expands the basic knowledge of processive antitermination and demonstrates its widespread presence among bacteria.
Researchers at Utah State University have developed a genetic tool that makes it easier to identify bacteria responsible for releasing toxic forms of arsenic in groundwater. The new primer allows for more accurate detection of arsenate-reducing microorganisms, which can help reduce the prevalence of arsenic contamination worldwide.
Engineers at University of California San Diego developed a desktop diagnosis tool that detects harmful bacteria in blood samples in hours. The breakthrough uses proprietary chemistry, machine learning, and high-end imaging to identify DNA sequences from bacteria causing food-borne illnesses and pneumonia.
A new type of bacterial structure with pore-like features has been discovered in Gemmata obscuriglobus, a complex bacterium. The finding suggests that the evolution of complex cell structures may not be unique to eukaryotes.
Researchers at the University of Exeter found that antibiotics can boost bacterial reproduction in E.coli, leading to increased resistance and faster mutation rates. The study discovered that mutated bacteria reproduced faster than before encountering antibiotics and formed populations three times larger due to mutations.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have created the first stable semisynthetic organism that can hold onto synthetic base pair X and Y indefinitely as it divides. This breakthrough uses a combination of genetic tools, including CRISPR-Cas9, to enable the organism to stably maintain the new base pairs.
Scientists have identified two bacteriophages, dubbed superspreaders, that promote the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in bacterial communities. These phages, SUSP1 and SUSP2, can efficiently release plasmid DNA intact upon phage lysis, which may drive bacterial evolution in natural environments.
A study by Princeton University found that Vibrio cholerae can more easily infect the intestines when curved due to a protein called CrvA. The bacteria's ability to change shape plays a critical role in its infection and reproduction.
Researchers at UC San Diego have documented how large viruses reprogram bacterial cells to resemble animal or human cells, allowing them to mass-produce new viral particles that eventually kill the infected cells. The study reveals a previously unknown mechanism of viral replication in bacteria.
University of North Texas researchers used Maverick supercomputer to perform the first all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of Cas9-catalyzed DNA cleavage. The simulations provided insight into the Cas9 enzyme's active state and resolving controversies about its cutting process.
Researchers discovered that phages can invade bacteria by transferring attachment molecules via membrane vesicles, facilitating horizontal gene transfer and expansion of the phage host range. This mechanism enables phages to deliver DNA into new species, promoting attachment to non-host species and potentially transmitting antibiotic r...
Researchers at Rockefeller University have identified a single mutation that enables bacteria to acquire genetic memories of viruses 100 times more frequently than naturally. This breakthrough could facilitate the creation of CRISPR-based recording systems for various applications, including data storage and cancer research.
A new study reveals that a minor pilin protein triggers pilus retraction in Vibrio cholerae, differing from other disease-causing bacteria. This discovery advances understanding of Type IV pili function and may aid in developing prevention and treatment strategies for cholera.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered a mutation in the relA gene of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium that enables the bacteria to tolerate normally effective antibiotic therapy. The mutation resulted in elevated levels of alarmone, priming the bacteria to survive exposure to multiple antibiotics.
UCSF researchers have identified anti-CRISPR proteins that can switch off the widely used CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing system, reducing unintended edits and improving precision. The discovery has the potential to revolutionize CRISPR applications in both basic research and clinical settings.
A new study analyzed the human microbiome to estimate the postmortem interval of cadavers. The researchers used machine learning to predict the time since death with accuracy up to two days. This method could lead to a definitive way to establish time since death, shedding light on homicide cases and corroborating or disproving alibis.
Bacteria have been found to use a code language consisting of cryptic palindromes to determine whether to enter a dormant state or be interrupted by antibiotics. This discovery may help develop new antibiotics by understanding the code language used by pathogenic bacteria.
Scientists have discovered a mechanism that hijacks the human immune system's response to tuberculosis, revealing a key protein that turns off the call for an immune response. The protein CdnP is now considered an attractive target for a new TB drug.
Bielefeld University physicists develop new method to study biological cells using optical tractor beams, allowing for superresolution images of DNA in single bacteria. The technique enables researchers to rotate and move bacterial cells at will, enabling the study of three-dimensional cellular structures.
Researchers from Kumamoto University found a significant association between the presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum in esophageal cancer tissue and poor survival outcomes. The study suggests that this oral bacterium may contribute to esophageal cancer development via chemokines.
Bacteria carrying a transmissible carbapenem resistance gene have been detected in US farm animals, posing a risk to public health. The finding highlights the need for monitoring farms and re-examining agricultural practices that may be contributing to antibiotic resistance.
Researchers at UGA aim to expand and refine the use of CRISPR-Cas for research and biomedicine, particularly in combating pathogenic bacteria and diseases such as cancer and diabetes.