Articles tagged with Bacterial Dna
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Research by University of Exeter academics reveals that genetic diversity in bacterial populations can help control the spread of diseases. By generating a diverse CRISPR-Cas immune system, host diversity limits parasite evolution, leading to rapid extinction of viruses on mixed-population hosts.
Researchers at Duke University found that antibiotics do not promote the spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance through genetic swapping, contrary to previous assumptions. The study's results suggest that differential birth and death rates, rather than DNA donation, are to blame for the spread of resistance.
A new study reveals how Vibrio cholerae bacteria regulate their adaptations in different environments, including a key role for crab shells in signaling behavior. The research provides information that could lead to the development of better therapeutic agents against cholera.
Scientists from NCBS and NIH have elucidated the pattern of DNA supercoiling across the genome of E. coli, finding that it varies locally across genes. The study reveals that bacterial cells regulate gene expression by altering the structure of their genomes in response to environmental changes.
Researchers at MIT have created a programming language that allows users to design complex DNA-encoded circuits in living cells, giving new functions to bacteria and yeast. The language uses Verilog-like syntax and allows users to write programs for specific environmental conditions, such as detecting oxygen or glucose levels.
A recent study from the University of Edinburgh reveals that tardigrades have not acquired a significant proportion of their DNA from other organisms. The research found that nearly all of what was previously proposed to be foreign DNA was actually bacterial contamination.
A new study published in PLOS Biology reveals a vast diversity of RNA viruses that infect bacteria, with over 122 new types identified. This discovery opens up new avenues for understanding the ecological dynamics between bacteriophages and bacteria, and potentially developing new strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant infections.
A new study finds that genetic changes in bacteria have enabled them to develop resistance to copper's antibacterial properties. This increased resistance poses an infection risk for people, particularly in areas with high copper use, such as animal feed and hospital equipment.
A study by Ohio State University found that PulseNet, a CDC-coordinated network, prevents about 276,000 cases of foodborne illness each year. The network's early detection capabilities and encouragement of safer business practices contribute to this significant reduction in illnesses.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have discovered a unique microbiome in the male reproductive tract that harbors harmful bacteria, which may negatively influence reproductive function and health. The bacteria found in this microbiome may pass from father to offspring, programming later disease risk such as obesity.
A new study has shown that introducing probiotic Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 can reduce the effects of food allergies in mice. The probiotic works by releasing extracellular vesicles containing a protein called ESBP, which neutralizes mast cells responsible for allergic responses.
Researchers have created a robust method for comparing metagenome-coupled DNA sequences from all organisms in a sample, allowing for more effective and quick comparison of samples. This approach, based on k-mer frequencies, can detect previously unknown segments of DNA and improve the analysis of intestinal bacteria.
Researchers discovered that changes in gut bacteria are strongly associated with PCOS-related obesity and signs of diabetes. Modifying the gut microbiome may be a potential treatment option for women with PCOS.
A new study found that premature infants' gut bacteria are vulnerable to antibiotic resistance, with almost 800 genes identified, including those associated with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The study suggests that routine antibiotic use in preterm infants may not be effective and could lead to increased infection risk.
Researchers found that strains resistant to bacteriocins grew poorly in iron-poor environments, suggesting a potential advantage in targeting resistant bacteria. The study suggests that bacteriocins could be used to target specific strains of multidrug-resistant or highly virulent bacteria.
Recent research demonstrates that some bacteria use the CRISPR/Cas system to recognize and destroy segments of RNA from invading viruses. This novel approach could provide a new tool for fighting viral infections and offers insights into the complex interactions between bacteria and their environment.
Scientists have found that a social amoeba uses both phagocytosis and DNA nets to defend against bacteria, similar to the human immune system. This discovery could lead to new treatments for chronic granulomatous disease and other immune disorders.
A social amoeba uses DNA nets to trap and kill invading bacteria, a mechanism similar to that seen in mammalian immune cells. This discovery highlights the convergent evolution of immune systems across species.
Scientists have developed a systematic approach to discovering unknown DNA modifications, using a combination of bioanalytical chemistry, comparative genomics, and single-molecule real-time sequencing. This approach has led to the discovery of a new epigenetic mark, dADG, which helps bacteria defend their genomes from viral infection.
Researchers found bacteria can recognize and disrupt viruses using a novel RNA-based defense mechanism. This discovery could lead to improved ways to prevent crop diseases and dairy industry infections, and may inspire new gene-editing techniques.
Researchers at the University of Southampton found that copper can destroy MRSA bacteria by damaging their DNA and respiration, making it difficult for them to survive. This discovery explains why touch surfaces made from solid antimicrobial copper are effective in reducing the spread of infections.
A new device may significantly speed up the process of inserting DNA into bacteria, which is a critical first step in genetic engineering. The device, developed by MIT engineers, uses a microfluidic system to identify optimal electric field conditions for reversible membrane poration.
Researchers from Montana State University and collaborators from Cornell and Johns Hopkins universities have made a breakthrough in understanding how bacteria's CRISPRs distinguish between self and non-self DNA. This discovery has significant implications for the development of novel technologies to treat genetic diseases.
A new method called TruSPADES generates Synthetic Long Reads to assemble metagenomes with improved accuracy and efficiency. This innovation enables researchers to sequence the DNA of organisms that can't be cultured in the lab, such as microbes living in the human gut or bacteria in ocean depths.
Researchers identified the genetic 'map' of the human parasitic scabies mite using cutting-edge genome technologies, which could lead to new ways of preventing and treating scabies infestations. The study also found that certain animal strains of mites may infect humans, with major implications for disease control programs.
Researchers found that urban homes have more human bacteria, such as Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae, while rural homes have higher proportions of environmental bacteria like soil species. This shift could contribute to immune disorders like asthma and obesity in the industrialized world.
Researchers found two distinct subgroups of Yersinia pestis bacteria causing human plague in Uganda's West Nile region, with one subgroup found at lower elevations and the other at higher elevations.
Researchers at the John Innes Centre have identified DNA gyrase as a key enzyme in plants that can be targeted for the development of new, more effective herbicides. This discovery holds promise for reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance and ensuring the safety of farmers and gardeners.
Researchers found that APOBEC3 enzymes target the lagging-strand template during DNA copying, causing C-to-T mutations. This discovery sheds light on a major source of mutations driving tumor growth and explains microbial evolution.
A study published in Nature Microbiology found that Akkermansia muciniphila and other anaerobic bacteria temporarily bloom in response to injury, contributing to wound healing. The researchers suggest exploiting these microbes as treatments for inflammatory bowel disease.
Rice University bioengineers have found new techniques for precision genome editing that are more accurate and have fewer off-target errors. The new strategies use biological catalysts capable of cutting DNA called 'engineered nucleases' to maximize on-target gene editing.
Scientists have identified the genetic makeup of deadly E. coli strains, which kill hundreds of thousands worldwide each year. The study could lead to better understanding of bacterial damage and more effective treatments for diarrheal diseases, a leading cause of child mortality.
Researchers discovered that gut microbiomes play a role in reducing the severity of malaria. Mice fed yogurt with specific bacteria showed decreased malaria pathology. The study provides a potential new approach to developing treatments for malaria.
Researchers discovered a bacterial immune system that waits until viruses replicate before attacking them, allowing for more efficient defense. This new strategy, called type III CRISPR-Cas, takes up to nine hours to clear infections and has potential applications in biotechnology and medicine.
Researchers demonstrate that C-section infants can be enriched with vaginal bacteria, improving their immune system development. The study's findings have significant implications for the health risks associated with C-section deliveries.
Researchers partially restored the mix of bacteria that coat a newborn's body when delivered vaginally in C-section infants. After exposure to maternal vaginal fluids, C-section infants' microbiomes showed higher numbers of beneficial bacteria similar to those in vaginally born babies.
Bacteria use specific mechanisms to avoid toxic substances like antibiotics during colonization, driven by the action of flagella and chemoreceptors. The discovery reveals a crucial molecular balance between RecA and CheW proteins that enables bacteria to stop swarming movement in areas with high antibiotic concentrations.
Researchers at Forsyth Institute use a new imaging technique to visualize bacteria in dental plaque, revealing the formation of 'hedgehog' structures that suggest functional roles within the community. This study provides critical insights into how mouth microbes interact and will help understand their role in health and disease.
A team of researchers has identified a completely new bacterial phylum, dubbed 'Kryptonia', in geothermal springs using metagenomics and single-cell genomics. The novel phylum was found to have unique metabolic pathways and potential biotechnological applications.
Bacterial restriction-modification systems can overreact, leading to autoimmunity issues, according to a new study published in Current Biology. The researchers discovered that more efficient systems are prone to making mistakes, which can contribute to genetic variation and adaptive evolution.
Researchers discovered significant differences in immune-related genes among patients with and without E. coli symptoms, indicating innate resistance to infection. The findings could lead to new ways to boost the immune system and predict susceptibility to infections like E. coli.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have identified a virulence factor secreted by the bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii, which is resistant to traditional antibiotics. The discovery could lead to the development of new antivirulence antibiotics that can suppress pathogen growth without eliminating susceptible bacteria.
Researchers found a potentially virulent strain of bacteria in Ötzi's stomach contents, which reacted with his immune system. The discovery sheds light on the coexistence of humans and Helicobacter pylori, suggesting that two strain types may have recombined into today's European version.
A new computer program, Mykrobe Predictor, quickly analyzes bacterial DNA to predict antibiotic effectiveness and detect drug-resistant infections. The software streamlines genome analysis, detecting resistance in over 99% of Staphylococcus aureus cases, with faster results for tuberculosis.
A team of researchers has successfully inserted the gene for Bt into a harmless bacterium, which can be used to deliver the protein to people afflicted with roundworms through dairy products or probiotics. This could provide an inexpensive treatment option for millions of people worldwide infected with intestinal nematodes and roundworms.
Researchers discovered that millions of bacteria in water pipes and purification plants help purify drinking water. The diversity of species is huge, with over 80,000 bacteria per milliliter detected in one study.
A collaboration between computer scientists and geneticists at Stanford University has produced a novel technique for mapping the diversity of bacteria living in the human gut. The new approach revealed a far more diverse community than the researchers had anticipated, with many different strains of the same species identified.
Researchers found that metformin treatment leads to favourable changes in gut microbiota, increasing the production of health-promoting short-chain fatty acids. However, other antidiabetic drugs showed no impact on gut bacteria, contradicting previous research findings.
Researchers at the University of Florida have developed genetically modified citrus trees that exhibit enhanced resistance to greening, reducing disease severity and even remaining disease-free after 36 months. The study, published in PLOS ONE, used a gene isolated from Arabidopsis to create the new trees.
Researchers find migration between bacteria communities key to horizontal gene transfer and spread of traits like antibiotic resistance. Mathematical modeling reveals the secret behind bacterial sex lies in movement between communities, increasing DNA swap chances.
Two new studies from University of California, Berkeley provide detailed insights into CRISPR-Cas9's molecular basis for accurate DNA targeting. The Cas9 protein appears to have at least three ways to check for correct target DNA before making a cut, ensuring precise genome editing.
In a breakthrough study, researchers discovered how search-and-rescue proteins like MutS identify and correct rare DNA mutations that can cause certain cancers. The findings provide insight into the mechanism of DNA mismatch repair and could lead to new methods for detecting and preventing cancer.
Researchers from NTU Singapore have successfully used dead bacteria to destroy colon tumour cells effectively. The study published in Scientific Reports shows that the secretions of dead Clostridium sporogenes bacteria can reduce the growth of colorectal cancer cells by up to 83%.
The University of Leicester has been awarded £1.5 million to advance knowledge in three key areas that impact on health. Three groups have won awards led by Professor David Lambert, Professor Marco Rinaldo Oggioni, and Dr Shaun Cowley, investigating sepsis, infection spread, and cancer mechanisms.
Research found that composting is most reliable to kill bacteria with resistance genes in cow manure. Composting speeds up decomposition and reduces volume of manure. Manure management practices like composting and stockpiling can make it difficult for resistant bacteria to travel from farm to environment.
A MGH team developed a variant of the SaCas9 enzyme that recognizes a broader range of nucleotide sequences, increasing its targeting range two- to four-fold. This advancement expands the number of genomic sites accessible by CRISPR-Cas9 technology.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine used state-of-the-art techniques to survey the skin's virus population, or virome. Most DNA viruses on healthy human skin are viral 'dark matter' with never been described before.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have discovered the structural basis by which bacteria capture and utilize foreign DNA, a crucial step in their adaptive immune system. The study reveals that Cas1 and Cas2 enzymes function as molecular rulers to measure and manipulate foreign DNA.
Researchers discovered plague has been endemic in human populations for over 3,000 years, with evidence of infection dating back to the Bronze Age. The bubonic form of plague spread through flea carriers after genetic mutations allowed Yersinia pestis bacteria to survive in human guts.
A new study finds that antibiotics create conditions for bacterial demise by stressing their metabolism, leading to oxidative stress that breaks down DNA and other key molecules. This understanding could lead to more effective treatments for patients fighting infections.