Articles tagged with Bacterial Genetics
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Researchers have identified a new prophage-mediated defence system in Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 called BstA, which efficiently suppresses phage attacks. This discovery opens up a new avenue of research and could potentially lead to the development of new biotechnologies.
A new study from Institute for Systems Biology (ISB) reveals that the genetic capacity of the gut microbiome is strongly associated with weight loss success or failure. Microbiomes of those who lost weight had higher bacterial growth rates and were enriched in genes that divert dietary nutrients toward bacterial cell growth. In contras...
A mechanical engineering faculty-researcher at RIT is developing a microfluidic device to improve the detection of drug-resistant bacteria in blood, which can cause severe infection and death. The goal is to detect these strains early, allowing for prompt treatment and recovery.
A study published in International Journal of Environment and Public Health Research reveals that oral bacteria, specifically P. gingivalis and Lactobacillaceae families, are associated with periodontitis. Genetic differences among hosts contribute to susceptibility to pathogens, but the oral microbiome plays a more significant role in...
Researchers have identified a mechanism in Shewanella oneidensis that allows the microbe to take energy into its system for use in its metabolism. The study reveals a pathway for electron uptake that could be used to create efficient, scalable, and cheap methods for storing renewable energy and producing biofuels.
A study led by Jay T. Lennon found that nearly all bacterial populations persisted for 1,000 days without external food, with some having lifespans exceeding 100,000 years. This suggests that microbes can survive long periods of energy limitation and evolve under such conditions.
Research finds that giant tortoises on the Galapagos Islands with human contact have higher bacterial resistance to antibiotics, posing a threat to public health. The study suggests that human activities are facilitating the dispersal of antibiotic resistance into the environment.
A study found that raw dog food in European supermarkets and pet shops contains antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including 'superbugs' found in hospital patients. The researchers concluded that dog food is a source of bacteria resistant to last-resort antibiotics and could potentially spread to humans.
Researchers identified a core set of 24 genes that activate in response to bacterial colonization, acting as volume control for plant responses and predicting the extent of colonization
Researchers found that only about 30% of genes associated with aging control the body's internal clock, while the rest reflect the response to bacteria. Antibiotics extended fly lives by up to six days and altered gene activity in many hallmark aging genes.
Researchers found much higher abundances of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes on microplastics in urban than rural areas of the Beilun River. Polypropylene had the highest abundance of ARGs, increasing by 1,000 times from rural to urban areas.
Researchers from the University of Warwick have developed a cheap way to switch bacteria into chemical production mode using a natural nutrient, drastically reducing costs. This breakthrough brings closer the realization of sustainable industrial-scale production of high-value chemicals from cheap feedstocks.
Researchers at ETH Zurich developed a vaccine that guides bacteria's evolution to make them a weaker pathogen, rather than trying to kill them. The combination vaccine was shown to be more effective in preventing Salmonella infections than existing vaccines.
Francisella tularensis can persist in a dormant state for over six months in cold water without nutrients, remaining fully virulent. This discovery changes the understanding of the bacterium's ecology, suggesting it spends most of its time outside a host and amplifies disease events in mammals.
A new study from the University of Copenhagen reveals that Danish one-year-olds carry several hundred antibiotic resistant genes in their bacterial gut flora. The presence of these genes is partly attributable to antibiotic use among mothers during pregnancy, and well-developed gut flora may reduce the incidence of resistant bacteria.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School analyze the genetic makeup of gut bacteria and find links to various diseases including coronary artery disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and liver cirrhosis. The study identifies groups of bacterial genes that can predict disease risk or identify presence, paving the way for developing tests.
Researchers have shed light on early bacterial evolution by integrating vertical and horizontal gene transmission, revealing that a tree is still an apt representation of bacterial evolution. On average, genes travel vertically two-thirds of the time, suggesting a tree-like structure.
Researchers have successfully genetically modified grass to detoxify residues of the military explosive RDX, contaminating groundwater and posing a threat to drinking water supplies. The genetically modified switchgrass plants removed 27 kg of RDX per hectare, offering a cost-effective and sustainable solution for environmental cleanup.
The project aims to determine the mechanism of Neisseria pathogenesis to find innovative treatments. The researchers will use high-throughput sequencing, bioinformatics, and infection models to study the genetic modifications and their roles in adaptation.
A new test for Lyme disease has been developed to reliably distinguish between early- and late-stage patients. The test targets genetic sequences left by a virus in Lyme-causing bacteria and can detect as few as one bacterial cell in a small blood sample, making it highly sensitive.
Researchers at Mount Sinai Hospital have identified genetic and cellular mechanisms underlying Crohn's disease, providing new insights for tailored treatments. By blocking the gp130 protein, they found that some patients may benefit from alternative therapies, complementing standard anti-TNF treatments.
A new study from MIT-led researchers found that people living in industrialized societies have gut bacteria that swap genes at much higher rates. This phenomenon occurs more frequently due to specific diets and lifestyles, potentially leading to intestinal health issues.
Research reveals that root-dwelling bacteria can enhance plant heat tolerance, with SA187 showing promising results in lab and field tests. The bacteria trigger the plant's defense system by producing metabolites that prime its heat-resistance genes for action.
A link between depression and stomach ulcers has been confirmed in the world's largest study of genetic factors in peptic ulcer disease, involving nearly half a million people. Genetic variations associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcer disease have also been identified.
Researchers found a genetic mechanism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis that allows the bacterium to respond to stress rapidly and in manner that is 'history-dependent.' The study suggests this mechanism may be key to understanding tuberculosis latency, a global health problem affecting 2-3 billion people.
A UNF biology professor has been awarded an NSF grant to continue researching Lake Huron's algal mats, which are thought to hold secrets of life's origins. The research will explore bacterial communication and microbial community structures.
Approximately nine out of ten US infants suffer from a gut microbiome deficiency, including a lack of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, which plays a critical role in infant health and development. This deficiency is linked to an increased presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, and a higher risk of a...
Researchers at the University of Exeter have identified a population of dormant Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria that are better equipped to revive when conditions improve. The study also discovered an enzyme involved in this process, which breaks down lactic acid into pyruvate, allowing the bacteria to survive for extended periods.
Researchers discovered that free-living non-photosynthetic bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, possess circadian rhythms that adjust to light and temperature cycles. This finding has implications for biotechnology and could lead to optimized drug delivery and crop protection strategies.
Researchers at Rice University developed an optogenetic control system to turn on and off genes in gut bacteria, extending the lifespan of transparent worms by up to 50% by regulating mitochondrial function. The study suggests that gut bacteria directly impact health and disease, and that controlling metabolite production with precisio...
This atlas of S. pneumoniae and host gene expression provides a comprehensive understanding of the pathogen's adaptation to different body locations and the host's response. Certain bacterial genes are highly expressed across all anatomical sites, making them ideal targets for new treatments.
Scientists used CRISPR interference to study virulence genes in a mouse model of pneumonia, observing surprising variability in disease progression. The results point to several genes as having important roles in pneumococcal infections, including the bacterial capsule genes and the gene for pneumolysin.
Researchers at Oregon State University found that a type of gut bacteria associated with inflammation and cancer can help prevent cardiovascular disease by metabolizing trimethylamine, a compound linked to fatty plaque buildup in arteries. A diet rich in animal-based foods is often considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Researchers at McMaster University analyzed historical documents and found that plague outbreaks in London sped up four times between the 14th and 17th centuries. The disease spread from doubling every 43 days to every 11 days, suggesting a shift from pneumonic transmission to bubonic plague.
Researchers at Tufts University found that bacteria in cheese can sense and respond to compounds produced by fungi, enhancing the growth of some species over others. This discovery provides a model for understanding and modifying other microbiomes, such as soil or the gastrointestinal tract.
The Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment Center (NEWT) at Rice University has been renewed for five years with a $16.5 million NSF award. The center will focus on developing multifunctional nanomaterials and low-energy desalination technologies to address global water needs.
Honey bees rely on chemical cues from shared gut microbial communities to recognize nestmates, rather than genetic relatedness. This study shows that a bee's particular cuticular hydrocarbon profile is dependent on its microbiome.
A recent study challenges traditional views of bacterial life, finding that biofilms exhibit characteristics similar to animal embryogenesis. Researchers discovered that bacteria follow a developmental pattern, with stage-organized architecture and increased use of multicellularity genes, similar to those found in animal development.
Researchers identified novel targets and functions of PdhR, a pyruvate-sensing protein, in E. coli including regulation of bacterial movement and fatty acid degradation. The study expanded the role of PdhR beyond known pathways, providing insights into E. coli metabolism and potential applications for bioengineering.
Researchers at Princeton University have created a system to control genetically engineered bacteria using light, allowing for precise production of chemicals and proteins. This method, called OptoLac, enables easy tuning and reversal of induction signals, reducing costs and carbon footprint.
A team of scientists is developing genetically engineered switchgrass types that can grow anywhere and maximize crop yield, stress tolerance, and carbon sequestration. The research aims to create a sustainable biofuel solution to meet domestic energy demands.
Researchers have discovered a unique binding mode that allows bacteria to stick to cellulose fibers in the human gut, enabling them to withstand shear forces. This breakthrough sheds light on the microbiome and its relationship to human health, with potential applications in bio-based medical superglues.
A recent study revealed that the human gut microbiome is linked to multiple diseases and traits, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atopy, and BMI. The research used genetic data to estimate microbiome composition in a large cohort of unrelated individuals, finding associations between eleven bacteria and 28 health outcomes.
A University of Georgia study found a strong correlation between antibiotic resistance and heavy metal contamination in the environment. Soils contaminated with heavy metals had higher levels of specific bacterial hosts carrying antibiotic-resistant genes.
Researchers at Goethe University have isolated an ancient enzyme that enables early bacteria to produce energy without oxygen. The Rnf enzyme functions like a pumped-storage power plant, generating electricity and producing ATP.
A research team discovered that certain sections of bacterial genetic material are doubled or multiplied, giving bacteria new capabilities to influence the immune system and adapt to changing environments. This process is crucial for pathogens to develop and evolve in their battle against the human immune system.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a new strategy, 'wrap, trap and zap,' to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wastewater treatment plants. The graphene-wrapped nanospheres kill bacteria by producing reactive oxygen species, degrading antibiotic-resistant genes and minimizing their release into the environment.
Researchers at McGill University have discovered bacterial organelles involved in gene expression, suggesting that bacteria may not be as simple as once thought. These findings could pave the way for a new generation of antibiotics to combat drug resistance.
The BIO Integration Journal bridges the gap between laboratory, clinic, and biotechnology industries, offering a cross-disciplinary platform for biomedical research advances. Featured papers emphasize interdisciplinary integration in COVID-19 research and immunotherapy strategies.
Scientists have discovered that the Anaplasmosis bacterium interferes with tick gene expression to survive and spread to new hosts. The study found that the bacterium reduces a regulatory molecule's production, leading to increased levels of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide (OATP), which enables its spread to vertebrate hosts.
A new study from UC Davis found that raw milk can harbor antimicrobial-resistant genes, potentially spreading resistance if consumed. The researchers analyzed over 2,000 retail milk samples and found that raw milk had the highest prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microbes when left at room temperature.
Bacteria-based nanobiohybrids have the potential to provide a targeted and effective approach for cancer treatment. Nanobiohybrid systems combine bacteria with nanomaterials in cancer therapy, offering advantages such as tumor targeting ability, genetic modifiability, and multimodal therapy.
A new study found that antibiotic-destroying genes are widespread in bacteria in soil and on people, threatening public health. A chemical compound has been developed to shield tetracyclines from destruction, restoring their effectiveness against resistant bacteria.
Research by Dirk Tischler's group has identified potential applications for bacterial siderophores, including treating iron overload disease and creating biosensors. The team has also developed semi-artificial compounds using genetic information from these microorganisms.
Researchers have identified specific compounds from the Brazilian peppertree that reduce the virulence of antibiotic-resistant staph bacteria. The triterpenoid acids block the ability of bacteria to produce toxins, allowing the immune system to heal wounds more effectively.
Despite challenging genetic tradeoffs, bacteria can still evolve antibiotic resistance when exposed to varying antibiotic concentrations. Researchers developed a model that showed bacteria may reverse course and regain susceptibility to antibiotics at lower drug concentrations.
Researchers uncover the lives of three 16th-century African slaves found in a mass burial site in Mexico City, tracing their African origins and physical hardships. They also identify novel pathogens carried by the individuals, shedding light on the early introduction of diseases like hepatitis B virus and yaws to Latin America.
A Rutgers co-authored study found that algae, responsible for producing 70% of oxygen and 45% of global primary production, acquire beneficial genes from bacteria. The study analyzed genomic data from 23 species of brown and golden-brown algae and discovered that gene stealing or acquisition varies substantially among different species.
A study published in eLife found that rapamycin, an immune-suppressing drug, reduces bone loss, inflammation, and changes to oral bacteria in older mice with gum disease. The treatment also reversed clinical features of periodontal disease, suggesting a potential approach for age-related dental problems.
A global group of scientists proposes splitting the existing genus Lactobacillus into two genera, with 25 new genera having distinct names. This change aims to improve scientific accuracy and reflect closely related bacterial genes.