Articles tagged with Bacterial Genetics
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A new study by Michigan State University scientists reveals that plants have genetic systems to host and nurture the right microbiome, promoting healthy growth. Increased microbiome diversity correlates with plant health, while abnormal compositions lead to tissue damage and symptoms similar to human inflammatory bowel disease.
Researchers found that incineration and landfilling of municipal solid waste releases bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes into the air, posing a risk to human health. The study suggests that these systems could be a reservoir of resistant genes, which can spread to nearby residents through airborne transmission.
A study by Université Laval researchers suggests that bacteria may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes in individuals with severe obesity. The researchers found distinct bacterial signatures in diabetics' blood, liver, and fat deposits compared to non-diabetics.
Lactococcus lactis bacteria use two amino acid transport systems to acquire methionine under low-methionine conditions. The choice of system is maintained over multiple generations, suggesting a strategy of bet-hedging or division of labor to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
Researchers at UC San Diego create an inducible quorum sensing system that allows for precise control of single and multiple bacterial populations, regulated by p-coumaric acid. This new genetic circuit enables better control over tasks such as drug delivery and bioproduction.
A new ion channel in bacteria has been identified, filling a missing link in the evolutionary history of mammalian calcium channels. The discovery provides insight into the universal mechanism of calcium selectivity in both mammals and bacteria.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have identified distinct genetic profiles for endothelial cells in various organs, including heart, brain, and lungs. These findings suggest that targeting specific blood vessels could lead to more effective treatments for vascular diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
The new metadata-database helps researchers incorporate data on terrestrial microbiological communities into their work, making it easier to compare findings and avoid repeating experiments. With 15,022 metagenome datasets from forests or grasslands, the database enables global-scale analyses of microbiological communities.
Researchers have found that deleting the BMAL1 clock gene makes immune cells more effective at fighting off pneumonia-causing bacteria. The study reveals that strengthening the actin skeleton of these cells is key to their increased effectiveness.
A new group of bacteria, Thiobarba, has been discovered in deep-sea mussels that fix carbon using the Calvin cycle. This is a surprise as most Epsilonproteobacteria use the reverse TCA-cycle instead.
Researchers discovered that bats have fewer bacterial species living in their guts than in their mouths and skin. The kinds of bacteria living in the bats' guts varied from species to species without following any apparent evolutionary pattern, a stark contrast to other mammals.
A new study reveals that genetic variations in a single species of bacteria can amplify infection, making it more dangerous than either strain alone. The researchers discovered that when the two strains work together, one produces a toxin that breaks down muscle tissue and enables the other to infect organs.
Researchers at Procarta Biosystems are developing a new type of antimicrobial that kills bacteria by blocking gene expression, potentially revolutionizing treatment of serious and life-threatening infections. The £7.4m funding from CARB-X aims to combat antibiotic resistance, a major global threat.
Fuzhong Zhang receives nearly $2 million NIH grant to investigate metabolic diversity and its relation to antibiotic persistence in bacteria. He aims to understand what causes cells with different metabolic activity and develop strategies to control these differences.
Researchers developed a new gene activation method that targets previously difficult-to-activate genes in bacteria, including those involved in infections and industrial applications. This technique has the potential to revolutionize the production of useful products with high efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
A recent study published in Nature Communications found that children with high genetic risk of developing type 1 diabetes have distinct gut microbiomes compared to those with low risk. The research suggests a link between genetic predisposition and environmental factors, highlighting the importance of the gut flora in autoimmune disea...
Bacteria do not die randomly in hunger phases; their neighbors play a crucial role. The team identified two key factors: basic energy consumption and biomass recycling efficiency. Changes to these factors affect the mortality rate, which can arise from genetic or ecological perturbations.
Scientists have discovered a natural defense against the deadly neurotoxin saxitoxin in bullfrogs, which could lead to the first-ever antidote for this compound. Additionally, researchers have captured atomic motion in 4D and identified a molecular switch that promotes IIL tolerance in bacteria, paving the way for better biofuels.
A global study found that high iron levels are associated with a reduced risk of high cholesterol and anaemia, while also increasing the risk of bacterial skin infections. Researchers used genetic and clinical data from approximately 500,000 people in the UK Biobank to make their findings.
Researchers from CRCHUM identified the genetic signature of an ineffective immune response to cancer, including 28 genes that are also found in patients with other diseases. This signature could help predict which patients will fare worse.
Researchers at Caltech have unveiled the 3D molecular architecture of Legionella pneumophila's Type IV secretion system, a sophisticated machinery used by dangerous pathogens to infect human cells. The discovery could enable the development of precisely targeted antibiotics to combat diseases like Legionnaires' disease and whooping cough.
Scientists at Indiana University found that bacteria can evolve new genes from phages, a discovery that could help advance research on bacterial resistance. The study shows bacteria's ability to transform an implement of war into a tool to create life.
A recent study by Cornell University has discovered a strong correlation between the AMY1 gene, which breaks down starch, and specific gut bacteria. This finding suggests that people with more copies of this gene may have benefited from increased starch digestion during times of scarcity.
Researchers at Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science have developed a system called BSCC, which enables rapid screening of engineered bacterial therapies in vitro. They successfully tested a potent therapy for colon cancer using a novel bacterial toxin combined with an optimal drug delivery genetic circuit.
Scientists at the University of Groningen have created a light-controlled switch that can be used to inhibit or stimulate bacterial communication. The molecule was tested on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and showed a strong response to light, inducing quorum sensing signals.
Researchers found a new, more powerful variant of an antimicrobial resistance gene in Staphylococcus epidermidis, making it harder for the bacteria to be killed by chlorhexidine bathing. The discovery was an unexpected result of a study on central venous catheter infections.
A study led by Case Western Reserve University aims to identify genetic biomarkers for corneal ulcer infections, which can lead to blindness. The research focuses on contact lens wearers and will explore the genetic profile of those who contract infections versus those who don't.
A recent study published in Phytobiomes Journal found that corn's bacterial communities play a significant role in its health and performance. The research, led by Dr. Jason Wallace, monitored the active bacteria on the leaves of 300 diverse lines of corn and discovered little relationship between the bacteria and corn genes.
A study on Myxococcus xanthus reveals diverse social behaviors among cooperative bacteria, contradicting the assumption that groups are genetically homogeneous. The researchers attribute this diversity to evolutionary selection favoring specific 'social genes' that control behavior.
Researchers at Joint BioEnergy Institute demonstrate that sustainable plant-based bio-jet fuels could reduce greenhouse gas emissions and be economically viable. The study found that optimizing the production process can lower the cost of biofuels to $2.50 per gallon, making them a viable alternative to conventional jet fuels.
A research team at Osaka University has identified a genetic factor essential for the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a major threat to public health globally. The study reveals that the cbpJ gene is under strict negative selective pressure, making it an attractive target for drugs to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Research reveals that symbiotic bacteria in Hawaiian bobtail squid alter gene expression in the eye and gill organs, with effects varying by time of day. Bioluminescence may drive system-wide changes in gene expression.
Researchers found that luminescent bacteria in the squid's light organ change gene expression in other organs, highlighting the importance of bacterial bioluminescence. The study also shows that coordination between the eye and light organ is crucial for the animal's behavior.
Researchers at University of Tsukuba identified a gene controlling how legume roots form symbioses with rhizobia bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi. The study reveals the role of this gene in establishing complex plant-microbe interactions, essential for plant nutrition.
A billion different ways for C-diff to become resistant to metronidazole have been identified. Genetic changes linked to heme levels are thought to be a key factor contributing to this resistance. Researchers are now working to identify new drug targets to combat the growing threat of C-diff, a bacterium that causes diarrhea and colitis.
Scientists at DTU have discovered that a combination of mecillinam and cefotaxime can eliminate multi-drug resistant E. coli causing urinary tract infections. This novel approach could become an effective measure against antibiotic resistance, offering new hope in treating this common infection.
Researchers at Uppsala University and Emory University found that over a quarter of bacteria exhibit heteroresistance, making antibiotic treatment ineffective. The underlying genetic mechanism is often the spontaneous occurrence of gene amplifications, which can make it difficult to detect and study.
Researchers use a novel database on the neutrophil proteome to make genetic diagnoses for two children with severe congenital neutropenia whom typical sequencing had failed. The technique combines proteomic and genomic screening, which shows huge potential for personalized medicine at low cost.
The Vilcek Foundation awards $250,000 Prizes to immigrant scientists Angelika Amon, Amit Choudhary, Jeanne T. Paz, and Mikhail G. Shapiro for their pioneering work in human biology and disease research. Their discoveries have significant implications for understanding cell growth, cancer, and neurological disorders.
Scientists used a genetic tool to identify 72 key genes in group A strep that contribute to necrotizing myositis, a devastating human infection with high mortality rates. The study provides a genetic roadmap for developing new vaccines and treatments.
Researchers discovered that bacteria on the ISS are adapting to survive in a stressful environment, rather than evolving into superbugs. The study's findings provide good news for astronauts and potential space tourists, but also highlight the need for precautions against illness transmission.
A recent study published in Nature Communications reveals a strong correlation between
A Northwestern University study reveals that triclosan in dust can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant infections. The researchers found higher abundances of genetic markers indicating resistance in dust with higher concentrations of triclosan, suggesting a link between the chemical and antibiotic resistance.
Researchers use Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation to study heteromorphy in Primula vulgaris, a plant with a complex reproductive system that fascinated Charles Darwin. The transformation system allows scientists to delve deeper into the mysteries of heteromorphy and potentially lead to improvements in commercial crops.
A recent study has discovered over 6,000 antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria that inhabit the human gut, revealing a vast and previously unknown diversity of resistant genes. The researchers used a novel method to identify these genes by comparing their three-dimensional structures to proteins produced by gut bacteria.
Researchers created Knomics-Biota to analyze metagenomic data, identifying bacteria types, proportions, and beneficial substances. The platform allows users to visualize results and compare data with thousands of other samples, facilitating international collaborations in microbiome analysis.
A genetically programable strain of yeast fueled by light-harvesting nanoparticles can efficiently convert carbon into high-value chemicals. This new biohybrid system overcomes existing limitations in bioinorganic systems, offering a promising method for producing high-value chemicals.
Research reveals that healthy plants host diverse fungi and oomycetes in roots, but a balanced bacterial community prevents illness; certain bacteria promote plant health by limiting fungal growth.
Researchers at New Jersey Institute of Technology have identified a new bacterium capable of degrading both 1,4-Dioxane and 1,1-DCE simultaneously. The microbe, Azoarcus sp. DD4 (DD4), has shown impressive efficiency in reducing levels of these toxic chemicals in contaminated groundwater samples.
A new rat study suggests that individual variations in genetic makeup and gut bacteria may explain the different effects of antibiotics on blood pressure. The researchers treated two strains of rats with three common antibiotics, resulting in distinct responses in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These findings highlight the impo...
A recent study published in Molecular & Cellular Proteomics has uncovered changes in TB strains that make them vulnerable to other antibiotics. The research also reveals a potential target for developing new drugs against isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis.
Researchers developed a novel approach to identify microbial genes specifically present in the gut, accounting for ancestral relationships between bacteria. The analysis uncovered thousands of genes associated with bacteria prevalent in the gut and those linked to Crohn's disease.
Researchers found elevated E. coli levels in Houston's major bayous immediately after Harvey, decreasing over two months. Fecal bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes were highest in homes with stagnant floodwater inside. Residents should exercise caution when handling post-Harvey floodwaters.
Researchers found genetic variation in pea plant variants to be crucial for developing beneficial microbial partnerships, leading to improved growth. This discovery holds promise for reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers and promoting sustainable agriculture.
A team of Boston College chemists has developed a technology to incorporate non-canonical amino acids into proteins made in eukaryotic cells, including humans. The novel strain of E. coli bacteria enables the facile engineering of the bacteria-derived genetic machinery, opening up new ways to probe and engineer protein function.
The first global survey of soil genomics found a constant competition between bacteria and fungi for nutrients, leading to the production of antibiotics. The study's results have implications for predicting the impact of climate change on soil and improving agricultural practices.
A recent study has identified novel bacteria in the human mouth using metagenomic analysis, which were not detectable by traditional methods. The research team successfully cultivated these 'microbial dark matter' organisms, known as Saccharibacteria, and found them to be abundant in human saliva samples.
A team of scientists from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln has developed a method to increase the yield of clean, renewable energy source bio-hydrogen. By temporarily inactivating a gene that slows hydrogen production, they created a new strain of bacteria that produces 46% more hydrogen than naturally occurring forms.
Research reveals airborne transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARGs) across the globe, with high levels detected in urban areas. ARGs resistant to multiple antibiotics, including vancomycin, were found in air samples from cities worldwide.
Researchers discovered that host antibodies can alter bacterial gene expression, allowing beneficial bacteria to cooperate and form a community that protects against disease. This discovery has implications for the development of new therapies or prophylaxis for inflammatory bowel disease.