Articles tagged with Bacterial Pathogens
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A study published in Infection and Immunity found that Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria persist on surfaces for far longer than previously thought, posing a risk of infection to individuals in settings like schools and healthcare facilities.
The agriculture and aquaculture industries' overuse of antibiotics is creating a global health crisis by promoting antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A new proposal suggests implementing user fees to reduce non-human use of antibiotics, encouraging more efficient farming practices.
Researchers found that HrpA is essential for Lyme disease transmission and tick survival, enabling the bacterium to regulate its RNA and survive in mammalian hosts. The discovery provides significant insights into the complex life cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi and potential targets for future treatments.
TB-causing bacteria mask their molecular patterns using cell surface lipids, evading immune detection. The presence of lipid molecule PGL promotes the recruitment of permissive macrophages that allow TB to establish an infection in deeper lung tissue.
Scientists at the University of Houston are studying E. coli evolution to understand how bacteria adapt to changing conditions. By analyzing genetic changes over 7,000 generations, they aim to predict which bacterial strains will become resistant to antibiotics, ultimately leading to better vaccines and treatments.
Researchers at Kansas State University are exploring how E. coli proteins block the host's innate immune system, which is critical for infection prevention. Understanding this mechanism may lead to new therapeutics for autoimmune diseases and cancer.
In a groundbreaking study, researchers found that benign E. coli bacteria can evolve to become pathogenic within 500 generations or 30 days when confronted with macrophages. The bacteria adapted by developing resistance to being killed by immune cells and acquiring traits similar to those of deadly pathogens.
Researchers discovered that Salmonella protein tyrosine phosphatase (SptP) shuts down mast cell ability to release chemical signals without impacting other cellular functions. This leads to the failure of immune cells being recruited to the infection site, allowing Salmonella to multiply and spread unchecked.
Researchers followed the evolution of E. coli bacteria in the presence of macrophages, observing the rapid emergence of pathogenic traits. The study reveals that the movement of small DNA fragments drives bacterial adaptation to evade immune defenses.
A team of researchers at Indiana University has successfully detected peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall of Chlamydiae, a common target for antibiotics. The discovery could lead to new strategies for developing drugs against this leading cause of STD and other diseases.
Scientists from the University of Ottawa and University of Calgary have shown that the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa has genetically evolved to survive in CF-infected lungs and evade antibiotic treatments. The study provides new insights into the evolution of the pathogen, which is a major driver of cystic fibrosis mortality.
Researchers discovered that Salmonella Typhimurium obtains energy for its attack by stealing hydrogen from the microbiota. This 'theft-based hydrogen economy' allows the pathogen to find an energy source in any new animal host.
Researchers have identified phosphatases in human cells that are involved in bacterial survival and found small molecules that can stop them from working. This approach jams the host cell machinery rather than directly attacking the bacteria, potentially reducing the risk of resistance development.
The study reveals how lymphotoxins control the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the gut, maintaining immunological balance. Lacking lymphotoxins can lead to reduced or halted IgA production and changes in intestinal flora.
Scientists will analyze river samples using DNA sequencing to identify and count microbes, tracking changes over seven years. The study aims to improve understanding of microbial health and sources in Chicago-area waterways.
A new technique uses whole genome sequencing to identify pathogens in patient samples in just 18 hours, allowing for rapid diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections. This approach also enables the detection of emerging infections and prevention of hospital-acquired diseases.
Researchers create handheld, battery-operated device that can rapidly identify harmful bacteria like E. coli O157:H7, which causes 2,000 hospitalizations and 60 deaths in the US each year. The device uses dielectrophoresis to sort microbes based on their unique electrical properties.
A new study by UCSB's Jamey Marth reveals a protective mechanism against lethal blood coagulation and thrombosis in sepsis. By pre-activating the Ashwell-Morell receptor, survival rates can be increased twofold.
UC Irvine and Northwestern researchers develop inhibitor compounds that inhibit neuronal nitric oxide synthase, enhancing the ability of antibiotics to treat bacterial diseases. The compounds demonstrate potential in combating diseases such as MRSA and anthrax by suppressing pathogenic bacteria's resistance to antibiotics.
The study shows that cyclophosphamide's effectiveness is enhanced by the immune response triggered by certain beneficial gut bacteria. The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in modulating the anticancer immune effects of chemotherapy.
A recent study published in PLOS Pathogens has shed light on why some ear and respiratory infections become chronic. Researchers discovered that the bacterium nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae uses its host's immune response to its advantage, allowing it to evade detection and thrive.
The University of Chicago researchers will investigate 102 hypothetical genes from plague and brucellosis bacteria using cross-disciplinary approaches. This research aims to assign functions to these genes, which could inform studies across species with similar genes.
New insights into how Lyme disease and syphilis spirochetes move through and into organs reveal a key mechanism driving their invasiveness. The findings provide a novel biophysical model that could form the basis for targeting these bacteria's invasion capabilities.
Researchers discovered bacteria can take up small fragments of damaged DNA, including ancient DNA, and integrate it into their genome. This process, called Anachronistic Evolution, has significant implications for the spread of antibiotic resistance in hospitals.
Researchers used genomic sequences to reconstruct metabolic repertoire for each strain, predicting its environmental niche. The analysis could help develop ways to control deadly E. coli infections and identify new strains.
Researchers discovered a mechanism behind VapC20 toxin in M. tuberculosis, which destroys the bacteria's protein factory by cleaving a key location. This discovery could lead to new ways of treating pathogenic bacteria by impairing their cytotoxin use.
Researchers have characterised the coat of a potential poultry probiotic, Lactobacillus johnsonii, which consists of two exopolysaccharides that play important roles in colonisation and adhesion. The unique EPS structures may help the bacteria compete with pathogenic C. perfringens.
Researchers at EPFL have discovered that the lethal factor of anthrax bacteria can travel undetected through the body for days using exosomes, evading the immune system and medical analysis. This mechanism explains why some organisms succumb to the disease up to two weeks after the disappearance of bacterial presence.
Researchers found that Oxantel inhibits biofilm formation by targeting an enzyme crucial for bacterial growth, offering a potential therapy for periodontitis. Periodontitis is linked to various health risks, including diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers.
Scientists have discovered a molecule called CNFy produced by the bacteria Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which facilitates the infection process by manipulating the host cells' molecular switches. This allows the bacteria to inject toxins into immune cells more efficiently, leading to inflammation and tissue damage.
June L. Round will use the award to develop ways to kill 'bad' bacteria while preserving commensal microbes that provide health benefits. Her research aims to exploit immune mechanisms to distinguish between good and bad organisms.
Researchers propose harnessing beneficial microbes to control opportunistic pathogens in household plumbing, which can harbor deadly germs like Legionella and M. avium complex. This approach aims to improve water-borne disease control by leveraging the microbiome's potential for competition.
Researchers have mapped the structure of complement component C1, a protein responsible for spotting foreign agents and triggering the immune response. The study reveals how the complex is assembled from its constituent proteins, shedding light on the immune system's prevention of disease and potential therapeutic applications.
Scientists from the University of Sheffield have partnered with an Indian team to develop a new technology that can rapidly diagnose and treat corneal infections, potentially saving thousands of patients' eyesight. The technology uses polymers that trap bacteria or fungi in place, allowing for easy removal.
A study found that different strains of gut bacteria use mucins in the human gut at varying rates. The ability to break down mucins is linked to specific gene clusters, and these differences can affect which bacteria thrive in the gut. This research may provide new insights into maintaining a healthy gut microbiome.
Plant genes called expansins were transferred from plants to bacteria, fungi, and amoeba, allowing them to weaken plant cell walls and colonize roots. This unique case suggests that rare gene transfers have contributed significantly to the evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic species.
A novel design uses a magnetoelastic biosensor and surface-scanning coil detector to detect Salmonella on food surfaces, enabling real-time testing of food and processing plant equipment. This handheld device can be used in agricultural fields or processing plants to quickly identify contaminated surfaces.
Researchers have identified a variant of common soil-based pathogen Clostridium perfringens type B as a potential multiple sclerosis trigger. The bacterium produces a toxin that targets damaged tissues in MS patients, with levels of epsilon toxin antibodies found to be 10 times higher in MS patients than healthy controls.
A new microfluidic device can quickly identify harmless bacteria and those that produce biofilms, which are associated with disease. This breakthrough could enable faster diagnosis and more effective treatment of conditions such as cystic fibrosis.
Researchers at UT Southwestern have developed a new type of antibiotic called PPMO that successfully killed a multidrug-resistant germ common to health care settings. The technology targets specific genes essential for bacterial reproduction and offers promise against the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.
Cesar Arias has received the Oswald Avery Award for Early Achievement from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) for his groundbreaking work on superbugs and antibiotic resistance. His research aims to combat the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and has been recognized globally.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine have created over 650 new compounds that restore or improve effectiveness against drug-resistant pathogens in animal models. The findings could have major impact in the struggle against antimicrobial resistance, which threatens public health globally.
Researchers have engineered E. coli to seek out and kill disease-causing pathogens, including those responsible for difficult-to-treat infections like pneumonia and urinary tract infections. The new bacterial strain uses an antimicrobial peptide and enzyme to break down biofilms, offering a potential new treatment option.
Researchers found resistance genes for five common antibiotics and the Clostridium botulinum toxin gene in vacuum dust, which could lead to infant botulism infections. The study suggests that vacuum cleaners can act as a vehicle for indoor bioaerosol exposure.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have identified a beneficial relationship between crops and bacteria that could lead to reduced nitrogen fertilizer use. By understanding how legume crops interact with rhizobia bacteria, scientists hope to develop new methods for improving plant nutrition and reducing waste.
A new large animal model was developed to study immune responses to H. pylori, a leading cause of peptic ulcers. The pig model showed an increase in pro-inflammatory CD4+ T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells, mirroring recent human clinical studies.
Scientists studying the wild strain of the model organism Dictyostelium discoideum discovered that some clones can farm bacteria and carry defensive symbionts to protect their crops. The researchers isolated wild clones from soil and found that these clones were more complex than previously thought.
A recent Penn study found that fish skin and gut immune responses are similar, with key components resembling those in mammals. The study suggests IgT plays a crucial role in regulating host-microbiota homeostasis and may be involved in developing improved fish vaccines.
Researchers discovered that Porphyromonas gingivalis produces an enzyme that enhances collagen-induced arthritis, leading to earlier onset and greater severity of rheumatoid arthritis. The bacteria worsens joint destruction by changing proteins into citrulline, triggering an immune attack.
Researchers at Oregon State University have identified a group of viruses associated with the coral epidemic 'white plague,' which has killed 70-80% of some reefs. The study suggests that viral diversity is higher in diseased corals, highlighting the need for further research to prevent this disease.
A new study published in PLOS ONE reveals that copper and copper alloys rapidly destroy norovirus, a highly-infectious sickness bug responsible for over 267 million cases worldwide. Copper surfaces can effectively shut down one avenue of infection, reducing the risk of outbreaks.
Researchers discovered that symbiotic bacteria inside beetles suppress plant defenses against chewing insects, allowing beetles to thrive. The findings suggest a new way plants can be vulnerable to insect attacks.
Researchers found that antibiotics create a nutrient surplus in the gut, allowing pathogens to establish themselves. The study suggests that friendly gut bacteria compete with pathogens for nutrients, and when this defense falters, harmful microorganisms can thrive.
A new method developed by Michael DiMarzio identifies and tracks antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strains, which account for 15% of human salmonellosis infections. The study uses CRISPR sequences to separate isolates with common resistance patterns in both animals and humans.
A new study analyzes dozens of tuberculosis genomes to understand why TB is so prevalent and how it evolves to resist countermeasures. The analysis shows that the bacterium takes advantage of human population growth and history, evolving to thrive in crowded and wretched conditions.
Researchers evolved hyperswarmable Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, which formed less dense biofilms than their non-hyperswarmable counterparts. This could lead to the development of new anti-biofilm therapies.
Researchers at the University of Nottingham have found a novel way to block the social communication of bacteria P. aeruginosa, which enables it to cause infection.
A study found that MRSA strains in humans originated from cattle, with a 40-year timeline for the emergence of resistance to methicillin. The bacteria's genetic analysis revealed that bovine strains were closer to the root of the phylogenetic tree, indicating a common ancestor.
A new study published in PLOS Pathogens highlights the importance of balancing the gut microbiome to prevent food-borne infections. The researchers found that SIGIRR protein plays a critical role in protecting the gut against bacterial pathogens, and its dysfunction can lead to increased susceptibility to colonization by harmful microbes.
A new study reveals that SIGIRR protein suppresses the gut's immune response to bacteria, allowing beneficial microorganisms to thrive. This balance is crucial in preventing infection and inflammatory diseases.