Articles tagged with Bacterial Pathogens
Researchers found that Listeria uses nitric oxide to evade the immune system and facilitate cell-to-cell spread, allowing it to multiply in its host. This strategy allows pathogens like Rickettsia and HIV to spread throughout the host in a similar manner.
Salmonella causes food poisoning, killing around 400,000 people worldwide every year. Researchers have discovered multiple gene switches that control the bacteria's weapon systems, offering new ways to curb human infection. The discovery could lead to the development of antibiotics to reduce disease caused by Salmonella.
A recent discovery by UCSB researchers has identified 'hypervirulent' Salmonella bacteria, which pose a significant risk to human and animal health. The strains were found in livestock isolates and render current vaccines obsolete due to their ability to switch between virulence levels during infection.
Researchers have successfully decoded the atomic structure of the TM287/288 ABC transporter, a heterodimeric protein involved in antibiotic resistance and metabolic disorders. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new treatments against multi-resistant bacteria and tumors.
Scientists have developed a rapid test to detect Salmonella in lettuce and water using popcorn-shaped gold particles. The test can identify the bacteria in just five minutes, making it a potential game-changer for food safety, particularly in remote areas or during outbreaks.
A researcher at Indiana University has been awarded $2.3 million to explore chlamydia genomics and develop a potential vaccine for the bacterial infectious disease. The team plans to use genetic tools to understand how the bacteria circumvents host immune systems and targets preferred tissues.
Scientists found that Salmonella bacteria attach differently to ripe and unripe tomatoes, with filaments forming on ripe ones. This could affect how pathogens are maintained on surfaces, according to researchers at Imperial College London.
Researchers sequenced DNA from viruses present in healthy individuals' gut bacteria, revealing 51 hypervariable regions associated with reverse transcriptase genes. These findings suggest that viral variation could drive the evolution of the gut microbiome.
A new molecule discovered at the University of Illinois has the potential to treat bovine mastitis and make food safer. Geobacillin, an analog of nisin, is more stable than its predecessor and shows promise as a treatment for both dairy industry and human disease.
A highly targeted bactericidal protein against the life-threatening foodborne E. coli O104 strain was rapidly created, demonstrating its ability to specifically bind and kill tested E. coli strains that produce the O104 lipopolysaccharide antigen.
A UCI-led study reveals how Salmonella thrives in the digestive tract despite the immune system's best efforts to destroy it. The findings highlight a novel molecular mechanism allowing the bacteria to acquire zinc and promote its growth.
A recent study by IU biologist Irene Newton found that genetically diverse honey bee colonies have fewer pathogens and more beneficial bacteria. The research also identified four important microbes associated with fermentation in humans and other animals.
A new study found that genetically diverse honey bee populations produce healthier colonies with a greater variety of active bacterial species, including beneficial probiotics and helpful microbes. This diversity is linked to improved nutrition and reduced loads of pathogenic bacteria.
A study by Virginia Tech wildlife researcher Kathleen Alexander found that Botswana buffalo carry the brucellosis pathogen, which can be transmitted to humans through bush meat consumption. The disease can cause chronic fevers and joint pain in humans, and domestic livestock may need to be destroyed.
Researchers found that an epidemic strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae can damage mucins on mucus membranes, allowing the bacteria to enter and infect cells. The study identified an enzyme, ZmpC, as the culprit behind this process. This discovery may lead to new ways of diagnosing and treating bacterial infections.
A new study suggests that bacteria can communicate through physical contact, using a system of 'cellular communication' to coordinate functions. The researchers found that certain bacteria require specific proteins to bind and interact with each other, facilitating this touch-dependent language.
Researchers from UT Southwestern Medical Center predicted and confirmed how E. coli bacteria hijack a cell's sense of direction by manipulating actin polymers. This study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms controlling disease-causing agents and normal mammalian cell behavior.
A new study suggests that adding prebiotic ingredients to infant formula can help colonize the newborn's gut with a stable population of beneficial bacteria, enhancing immunity in formula-fed infants. Researchers found that probiotics also significantly enhanced immunity in formula-fed babies, particularly those delivered by C-section.
Scientists have identified a highly transmissible variant of the LA-ST398 strain that can efficiently spread among humans, leading to community-associated infections. The new strain, ST398-NM, contains human-specific immune evasion genes and adheres well to skin, increasing its ability to colonize and infect people.
Research reveals that bacteria can cause disease through frontal attack or stealthy manipulation of the host's immune system. Bacteria that destroy phagocytes have low infectivity, while those with high growth rates and quorum-sensing capabilities are more infectious.
Scientists at Boston University School of Medicine have identified a key protein, Fur, that controls the expression of hundreds of genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a pathogen responsible for the second most common infectious disease worldwide. This novel pathway may lead to new treatment methods and therapeutic interventions for gonorrhea.
Researchers propose a new approach to treating infectious diseases by targeting tolerance to infection. This strategy aims to reduce tissue damage and promote host protection. By distinguishing between failed resistance and failed tolerance, scientists can choose more effective therapeutic approaches.
Researchers discovered a promising alternative to common antibiotics for treating group A Streptococcus (GAS) bacteria infections. The new compounds significantly reduce the severity of GAS infections in mice, offering a potential therapeutic solution with reduced risk of antibiotic resistance.
A new study found that smoking disrupts a healthy balance of bacteria in the mouth, making smokers more susceptible to gum disease and other oral health issues. The researchers suggest that dentists should offer more aggressive treatment for smokers and encourage them to quit.
A new study suggests that preterm labor diagnostic markers are not universal, and should be tailored to each individual's risk factors. The research found distinct inflammatory mediators in response to different bacterial pathogens, highlighting the need for personalized approaches to diagnosis and intervention.
Researchers at Arizona State University investigate the coordination of a particular type of immune response involving the release of IFN-λ, a cell-signaling protein molecule. They found that antigen-independent production of IFN-λ by memory T cells relies on splenic dendritic cells and NOD-like receptors.
Researchers from Queen Mary University of London discovered the workings behind a bacterial secretion system responsible for delivering potent toxins from bacteria such as E. coli and Vibrio cholerae. Understanding this mechanism could lead to the development of new antibiotics to effectively treat bacterial infections.
Researchers discovered that CTLP acts as a key pass granting Treponema access to oral bacteria communities. Inhibiting CTLP could reduce bleeding gums and slow down periodontal disease progression. Regular tooth brushing is crucial in keeping harmful mouth bacteria at bay.
Researchers at UBC have discovered the molecular pathway enabling receptors in immune cells to find and flag pathogen fragments. This discovery could lead to more efficient vaccines against HIV, tuberculosis and malaria, as well as personalized medical options.
Researchers at Drexel University demonstrate that cold plasma can effectively kill pathogens on uncooked poultry, including Campylobacter and Salmonella. The study shows that plasma treatment eliminates or significantly reduces bacteria levels, offering a promising method for reducing foodborne illness.
Scientists from NIAID outline key advances in understanding and combatting infectious diseases, including the development of vaccines to prevent many infections. They also note the ongoing challenge of emerging pathogens, such as HIV, which can have devastating effects on societies.
Researchers at NOAA's Milford Laboratory have isolated a new probiotic bacterium, OY15, that significantly improves larval survival in oyster hatcheries. The study confirms the protective effect of naturally-occurring probiotic bacteria against bacterial disease and promotes healthy growth.
Scientists at Arizona State University's Biodesign Institute investigated disease-causing E. coli strains, discovering they use plasmids to resist acidic conditions and form biofilms, critical for infection. The study aims to develop a vaccine capable of cross-protecting humans and birds.
Researchers at University of York uncover key mechanism by which Vibrio cholerae gains foothold in the intestine, exploiting sialic acid for survival. The discovery could pave way for targeted treatments for the deadly intestinal disease that kills over 100,000 people annually.
Researchers have discovered patterns of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Galapagos reptiles living close to human settlements. Feces collected from these sites harbored resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica bacteria, highlighting the potential exposure of vulnerable species to human pathogens.
A new VCU study suggests using antimicrobial impregnated scrubs combined with good hand hygiene can effectively reduce MRSA burden on healthcare workers' apparel. The study found that antimicrobial scrubs reduced the bioburden of MRSA on healthcare worker apparel, but did not impact hand hygiene practices.
Researchers discovered a new bacterial growth process that occurs at a single end or pole of the cell, which could lead to new antibacterial strategies. The study found that this polar growth process is broadly distributed among many different bacterial taxa.
A study published in mBio found that children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms have high levels of the bacterium Sutterella in their intestines. The researchers detected Sutterella species at remarkably high levels, which may play a role in the development of gastrointestinal disturbances in children with autism.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center developed a new way to identify genes of harmful microbes using chemicals and genomic sequencing. This approach can rapidly pinpoint genes responsible for specific traits in Chlamydia, a common sexually transmitted infection.
A new study has detailed the skin microbes of the endangered Ozark Hellbender giant salamander, which may be contributing to its declining health and population loss. The research provides a baseline for understanding the impact of changing ecosystems on amphibians worldwide.
Legume plants allow nitrogen-fixing bacteria to breach their cell walls, enabling the bacteria to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form. The discovery sheds light on how plants promote nitrogen fixation, a crucial process for agriculture and food production.
Researchers at UC San Diego created a living 'neon sign' composed of millions of bacterial cells that glow in unison, synchronized by fluorescent proteins. The bacteria can detect low levels of arsenic and other toxins, providing a real-time update on the presence and concentration of toxins.
Thomas Jefferson University researchers have created a human immune system mouse model that closely mimics the response to a tick-borne infection in humans. The study found that mice developed B1b-like cells, specialized antibody-producing systems used to fight bacterial pathogens, which helped resolve the infection.
A Wayne State University researcher is using zebrafish to study the spread of cholera and develop new treatments. The bacteria, Vibrio cholerae, can cause severe diarrhea and death if ingested by humans.
Researchers discovered that intestinal B cells acquire functions allowing them to neutralize pathogens while in the gut, a complex balance between beneficial and harmful bacteria. This finding provides insight into the immune system's ability to fight infection without damaging beneficial bacteria and other essential cells.
Scientists have solved the structure of a key region in Ler, a protein linked to E.coli virulence. This breakthrough could lead to alternative treatments and minimize antibiotic resistance.
A comprehensive study of premature infants found that they harbor fewer diverse microbes than full-term infants, with harder-to-treat Candida fungus and harmful bacteria prevalent. The research highlights the importance of balance in the infant's gut microbiome and suggests that probiotic substances may be beneficial.
Salmonella forms two genetically identical types, each with an advantage in infection and evasion. The bacteria's ability to produce flagellin triggers a self-destructive response in immune cells, but restricting production helps it colonize hosts.
A new wireless sensor device can detect high concentrations of E. coli bacteria in under 1 hour and lower concentrations in less than 8 hours. This rapid detection system has the potential to serve as an early warning tool for beach safety, providing a more timely response to fecal contamination.
Researchers have discovered a blueprint for how Helicobacter pylori survives in the human gut by exploiting an enzyme called urease to neutralize gastric acid. Disrupting the formation of the molecular machine responsible for this process may lead to new drug targets to combat antibiotic-resistant ulcers and stomach cancer.
Scientists at the Pasteur Institute discovered a novel defensive weapon against Shigella bacteria: septin protein cages. These cages not only target pathogens for degradation by autophagy but also prevent bacterial spread by impeding access to actin, a cell skeleton component.
Researchers found that bacteria wait until the last minute to synthesize glue for permanent attachment, using flagella and pili to facilitate timely release. This mechanism may help design drugs to prevent infections by targeting adhesin stimulation.
Researchers at Brown University have discovered a new compound that can defeat drug-resistant bacteria by blocking their efflux pumps. The compound, called BU-005, was found to inhibit the activity of two different families of drug-efflux pumps, one associated with Gram-positive bacteria and the other with Gram-negative bacteria.
Researchers found diverse bacterial communities in public restroom surfaces, with human skin being the primary source of bacteria. The study suggests that proper hygiene practices can help identify and mitigate the spread of pathogens through contaminated building surfaces.
Researchers have developed a method to diagnose coral diseases using quantitative-PCR technology, which can detect pathogens at low levels. This will help control the impact of disease on coral reefs affected by rapid coastal development, declining water quality, and climate change.
Researchers identified a process by which Legionella bacteria trick host cells into generating amino acids, necessary for growth and infection. The study's findings could lead to the development of new antibiotics and vaccines.
Researchers discovered a transporter system in bacteria that protects itself from immune attack by transporting molecules meant to destroy it away from its inner membrane target. This mechanism helps bacteria survive in the host, but also presents an opportunity for developing novel antibiotics.
A recent study by NYU School of Medicine reveals that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a crucial role in protecting bacteria from various antibiotics. By targeting bacterial gas defenses, researchers aim to develop new strategies for increasing antibiotic efficacy and combating antibiotic resistance.
Researchers sequenced bacterial genomes to understand how a pathogen evolves in response to human defenses and medical treatment. The study found widespread purifying selection, but also identified specific genes that showed strong evidence of positive selection.
An international team of scientists discovered how a bacterial pathogen kills cells by preventing protein synthesis, paving the way for novel therapies to combat melioidosis. The study, led by the University of Sheffield, used intense X-rays to solve the structure of a protein from Burkholderia pseudomallei.