Articles tagged with Bacterial Pathogens
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Two studies reveal that contaminated carrots are a source of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection, while exposure to antibiotic-treated poultry increases the risk of antibiotic-resistant gut bacteria. The findings highlight the need for improved food safety regulations and hygiene practices to prevent such outbreaks.
The risk of transfusion-transmitted infections has decreased significantly since 1984 due to improved blood-safety measures. However, emerging pathogens such as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and viruses present in high concentrations in blood pose ongoing concerns for patient safety.
A new study reveals that the world's most widely used organic insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis, requires the assistance of other microbes to perform its lethal work. The research demonstrates that the bacterium needs the presence of other bacteria in the insect gut to exert its influence.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have uncovered the mechanism by which Yersinia proteins disrupt host cell structure, killing their hosts. A mutation that impairs this process significantly reduces the bacteria's virulence, offering a potential target for new antibiotics.
In a study led by Johns Hopkins Medicine, researchers discovered that patients with chronic sinusitis who failed to respond to treatment had severely decreased immune function and lower production of key proteins. The findings suggest new treatment targets for this condition affecting an estimated 32 million Americans.
Researchers have developed a biodegradable wipe that can detect bacteria, viruses, and other biohazards using nanofibers containing antibodies. The new process could be used by anyone to rapidly uncover pathogens in contaminated areas, providing a fast indication of whether a biohazard is present.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have created 'conversation stoppers' that can block bacterial communication signals, offering a new approach to combat deadly bacterial infections. These small organic molecules can be combined with antibiotics to deliver a powerful one-two punch and minimize resistance development.
Researchers found that Yersinia bacteria harbor a protein called YpkA, which mimics an enzyme and blocks the host cell's ability to change shape and move. This discovery sheds new light on the factors that make Yersinia a deadly disease-causing agent.
Scientists have redefined the role of plant pores in defense against bacterial pathogens, discovering that stomata can sense danger and respond by shutting down. The study found that some bacteria produce a phytotoxin to reopen shut-down ports, highlighting a key step in the attack.
St. Jude researchers have solved a 25-year mystery by discovering the first biochemical step that many disease-causing bacteria use to build their membranes. The discovery holds promise for effective, new antibiotics against these bacteria, which would not cause dangerous side effects.
A new study found that removing deer from small areas can lead to increased tick populations and higher rates of tick-borne diseases. In contrast to previous studies, researchers discovered that smaller deer-free zones tend to harbor more ticks, making them potential disease hotspots.
A novel protein, RegIIIgamma, is produced by the intestinal lining to target and destroy bacterial invaders, offering insights into how the intestine maintains friendly relations with symbiotic microbes. The discovery may lead to new treatments for inflammatory bowel disease and improved understanding of probiotics.
Researchers developed a novel approach to assessing the risk of water-borne diseases, including leptospirosis, by measuring bacterial DNA in environmental waters. The method provides a quantitative risk assessment for human disease and has implications for health departments monitoring water safety.
A study by Penn State researchers found that breaks in hibernation may be an evolutionary mechanism to combat bacterial infections. Regular wake-ups help animals avoid serious infection while minimizing energy loss.
Researchers at Purdue University developed a new low-cost system that analyzes scattered laser light to quickly identify bacteria. The technique uses a petri dish containing bacterial colonies growing in a nutrient medium, projecting the scattered light pattern onto a screen behind the petri dish.
Researchers developed a gamma-irradiated Listeria monocytogenes vaccine that elicits a strong T-cell response and protects against live challenge. The irradiated bacteria stimulate both adaptive and innate immune systems, providing a promising alternative to traditional vaccines.
Researchers developed a vaccine using irradiated Listeria monocytogenes bacteria, providing better protection against disease than traditional heat-killed vaccines. The irradiated vaccine retained the ability to activate the immune system through Toll-like receptors, promoting long-term immunity.
A new study found a significant link between periodontal bacteria and the risk of heart disease, specifically acute coronary syndrome. The research suggests that specific bacteria, including T. denticola, T. forsythia, and streptococci spp, may contribute to inflammation and increased white blood cell counts.
Researchers from Michigan State University have uncovered a key bacterial protein that disables plant defense proteins, allowing bacteria to invade and destroy crops. This discovery has the potential to inform novel disease control strategies, particularly for human bacterial pathogens.
Researchers discovered that listeria bacteria first infect the placenta before using it as a breeding ground and then infecting other organs. The bacteria proliferate rapidly in the placenta before pouring out to cause infections.
Dr. Marquis has been recognized with the IADR Research in Dental Caries Award for his groundbreaking work on fluoride's effects on bacterial metabolism and acid-base metabolism in dental plaque. His research has elucidated key mechanisms of acid tolerance and contributed to a better understanding of oral biofilms.
Dr. Progulske-Fox received the Basic Research in Periodontal Disease Award for her work on P. gingivalis and its interactions with human cardiovascular cells. Her research aims to identify virulence genes that could lead to the development of new diagnostic tests, vaccines, and treatments for periodontal and cardiovascular diseases.
The overuse of antibiotics in fish farming can lead to increased bacterial resistance and disease risk. Consuming contaminated fish products can transfer these resistant bacteria to humans, posing a significant health threat.
The global MRSA problem is escalating, with increasing rates in Scandinavian countries and the Netherlands. The authors warn of the threat of community-acquired MRSA, which can evolve into 'fitter' strains combining antimicrobial resistance with transmissibility and virulence.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School and Argonne National Laboratory have discovered a protein secretion system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that plays a critical role in the infection of cystic fibrosis patients. The discovery provides evidence for a new treatment target, offering hope for combating this deadly disease.
Bacteria have a unique immune system called H-NS that protects against foreign DNA, but can also enable the expression of disease-causing genes. This discovery has major implications for the biotech industry, which uses bacteria to produce recombinant proteins.
A recent study found that bacteria can utilize DNA as a critical food source, enabling them to outcompete other microbes and survive longer. The study identified eight genes necessary for this process, known as nutritional competence, which could have applications in medical research and the development of genetic antibiotics.
UT Southwestern researchers found that a Yersinia outer protein called YopJ cripples host enzymes, preventing the immune response and allowing the bacteria to survive. The study presents a new paradigm for how cells regulate signaling and could lead to a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions.
Researchers detected viable bacterial and fungal populations in air samples from a research ship during May-June 2003. DNA analysis revealed matches to dust-borne isolates in Mali, suggesting transatlantic transport of pathogens.
Rice University researchers capture natural selection in a flask using bacteria G. stearothermophilus. The study reveals that only six populations with specific mutations can outcompete others, pointing to the development of a system to predict antibiotic resistance.
A new study led by Seth Bordenstein found that the WO-B virus interferes with Wolbachia's ability to cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, reducing bacterial growth. The research may aid in controlling insect-borne diseases and could pave the way for future strategies to control these diseases.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified a gene that promotes both disease resistance and pollen development in rice. The xa13 allele, found to be resistant to bacterial leaf blight, has a surprising positive effect on plant fertility.
A study published in Nature found that caspase-12 deficient mice are resistant to peritonitis and septic shock, clearing pathogenic bacteria more efficiently. The absence of caspase-12 reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production, increasing vulnerability to bacterial infection and septic mortality.
Researchers identified a novel disease-causing bacterium in patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD), a rare immune disorder. The bacterium, Granulobacter bethesdensis, is part of the Acetobacteraceae family and was found in inflamed lymph nodes.
Scientists have identified a new disease-causing bacterium in an immune-compromised patient with chronic granulomatous disease. The bacterium's pathogenesis was demonstrated through the isolation of the organism from lymph nodes and exposure to CGD mice, highlighting its potential as a model for studying microbial killing mechanisms.
Researchers have discovered that high carbon levels can inhibit the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a dangerous human pathogen. This finding suggests that increasing local carbon availability could be an effective way to prevent infection.
A study found that Acanthamoeba polyphagam increases MRSA numbers 1000-fold by providing a survival environment. The released bacteria are more invasive and less susceptible to biocides.
A new vaccine strategy has been developed to generate an attenuated strain of Listeria monocytogenes, which affects vulnerable humans such as the chronically ill and young children. The vaccine approach showed rapid clearance and stimulation of T-cells in both normal and immunocompromised mice.
Researchers identify key proteins in Salmonella metabolic paths, finding that blocking certain enzymes may not be effective against the bacteria. Only a few essential enzymes are necessary to keep Salmonella alive, and these are also present in other pathogens or human organisms.
Scientists successfully synthesized nisin, a peptide antibiotic, in a test tube using just two enzymes. The compound's unique structure and properties make it a potential candidate for developing new antibiotics with reduced resistance.
Brookhaven scientists developed a technique called single point genome signature tagging to identify key segments of genetic code. This allows for rapid sequencing and distinction among species, with potential applications in identifying pathogens and assessing environmental responses.
MRSA has been found to infect a species of amoeba, which can help the bacteria spread between locations. This discovery raises concerns about hospital hygiene and the potential for MRSA to emerge more resistant to antibiotics and virulent.
Researchers at UCSD have found that disease-causing Strep bacteria release an enzyme that degrades neutrophil DNA nets, allowing them to escape the immune system and spread in body tissues. This discovery could lead to new treatments by inhibiting this enzyme, making it easier for the immune system to clear the pathogen.
Researchers from the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) will present studies on rivers' impact on the Arctic Ocean, as well as microbial diversity in a sewage-impacted estuary. Additionally, scientists will discuss how ocean particle scavenging is modulated by surface ocean productivity and nutrient quality.
Scientists have sequenced the complete genomes of three emerging pathogens causing ehrlichiosis, a disease affecting humans, dogs, cattle, sheep, and other animals. The study identified new genes allowing bacteria to evade immune systems and adapt to new niches.
Researchers discovered variability in E. coli cell growth could lead to distinct survival advantages for bacteria, relevant to chronic infections and antibiotic resistance.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have developed a new method to analyze the sugar coating on bacteria, allowing for faster diagnosis of infections. The technique uses lectin microarrays to identify specific sugars on bacterial surfaces, providing valuable insights into how the immune system recognizes bacteria.
A Purdue University study identified a gene that helps plants recognize and defend against certain pathogens, but also allows other pathogens to invade. The gene, BIK1, produces a protein that regulates a plant defense hormone called salicylic acid.
A new biosensor developed by GeneFluidics enables accurate identification of bacteria in urine samples with a rapid turnaround time, reducing the two-day wait period for conventional lab tests. This innovation has the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs associated with urinary tract infections.
A UCSD study reveals that anthrax toxins, known as lethal factor and edema factor, can cause cellular damage and death in fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The findings suggest that fruit flies can be used to test the effects of anthrax toxins on signaling pathways shared by flies and humans.
Researchers at Argonne's Structural Biology Center have contributed their 1,000th protein structure to the Protein Data Bank, providing insight into cellular behavior, disease origins, and biomolecular interactions. The achievement highlights advances in technology and data analysis.
Researchers have found that common bacteria can exploit a natural mechanism to get inside cells, using receptors and nitric oxide to evade the immune system. By controlling dynamin activity through inhibition of nitric oxide synthases, new methods to prevent infections may be developed.
A team of UCSD researchers has identified a 24-member family of bacterial proteins called effector proteins that help pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and E-coli infect human cells by hijacking the body's communication network. The findings could lead to novel ways to fight bacterial diseases.
A team of scientists discovered a massive genomic island containing a large number of antibiotic resistance genes in the A. baumannii bacterium, which has become a major public health concern globally. The island was found to contain new and previously unknown resistance genes that have enabled the bacterium to acquire resistance quickly.
Long-term antibiotic medication does not prevent recurrent myocardial infarcts in patients without periodontitis. Patients with periodontitis are more likely to experience cardiovascular events, especially under the age of 65.
Researchers discovered that Francisella tularensis can bypass the immune system's sensors and only triggers a response once inside a monocyte. This finding may lead to better treatments for diseases like tuberculosis and the plague. Understanding how the human immune system reacts to F. tularensis could provide new avenues for treatment.
Researchers found that plants trigger the elimination of a genomic island in bacteria to prevent infection, but this process can also drive the evolution of more virulent strains. The study reveals a molecular mechanism for how plant defenses can lead to the emergence of new bacterial pathogens.
Researchers discovered Ku70 protein as critical for Rickettsia conorii entry into mammalian cells, enabling disease understanding and potential treatment. This finding suggests a new approach to combat Rickettsial infections and other intracellular parasites.
Researchers at Yale University have identified key features of the Sodalis genome, revealing its unique transition from free-living bacteria to a symbiotic relationship with the tsetse fly. The study has expanded understanding of host-pathogen characteristics and provided insights into the benefits of these symbiotic bacteria.
Researchers discover Chlamydia exploits lipid droplets for growth and replication, causing proliferation of new lipid droplets on host cells. Inhibiting lipid droplet formation impairs bacterial growth, presenting a new target for anti-Chlamydia drugs.