Articles tagged with Virus Testing
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Researchers at UTMB developed a method called PMCA to produce infectious prions in test tubes, causing TSE symptoms in healthy hamsters. The breakthrough confirms the prion hypothesis and opens doors for new surveillance techniques and blood tests for mad cow disease.
The study recommends routine voluntary testing to diagnose undiagnosed HIV cases, especially among high-risk groups. This approach aims to provide counseling on prevention and treatment options.
A study found that HIV-positive women with normal cervical cytology and negative HPV test results had a similar low cumulative incidence of abnormal lesions compared to HIV-negative women. The authors suggest considering psychosocial costs of positive HPV tests in these women before adjusting screening intervals
A Johns Hopkins Medicine study successfully integrated the Affinity/Avidity test with the STARHS protocol to detect new HIV cases. The dual testing method showed a significant reduction in false positive diagnoses, resulting in more accurate monitoring of new infections.
A new study found that genetic amplification (NAAT) testing detects HIV more effectively than standard antibody testing in urban settings. The test identified four individuals with acute HIV infections who had previously tested negative, highlighting its potential to prevent transmission and improve early detection.
Countries like Canada, USA, Australia, and New Zealand have adopted stringent policies for compulsory screening of new entrants for TB and HIV. However, UK public inquiry concluded that such a policy would not be effective at protecting public health.
The new test can identify babies born with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), a life-threatening illness, early on, allowing for effective treatment. The test uses dried blood samples from newborns, providing the first accurate and high-throughput screen for immune deficiencies.
Researchers have developed a miniaturized lab that can detect HIV and bacteria in saliva using a portable oral swab kit. The device analyzes samples quickly and accurately, making it useful for rapid response situations such as bioterrorism incidents or emergency room emergencies.
Researchers are developing saliva testing technology to detect diseases like cancer, predict cavities, and identify drug use. Preliminary results show that analyzing protein sugars in saliva can determine an individual's vulnerability to cavities.
Researchers found that 'blips' in HIV treatment were not clinically significant and did not lead to drug resistance. The blips were attributed to random statistical fluctuations rather than ongoing viral replication or developing resistance.
A simple sputum test has been developed to confirm childhood tuberculosis diagnosis in infants and young children. The test uses sputum induction, which was found to be effective even in young infants, with almost 40% of children under one year of age having a positive culture.
Researchers have developed a new stand-alone detector that can identify three types of biological agents: bacteria, viruses, and toxins. The Autonomous Pathogen Detection System continuously monitors the air like a biological smoke detector, providing information required before public-health action can be taken.
A recent study published in Hepatology found that occult HBV infection is prevalent in adult hemodialysis patients, with a rate four to five times higher than standard HBsAg testing. The majority of infections were associated with low viral loads and the sG145R-mutant.
The study demonstrates the value of clinical cutoffs in evaluating HIV drug resistance information. Clinical cutoffs based on a large outcomes database provide physicians with clinically relevant resistance information.
Researchers have identified up to 28 proteins in saliva, including biomarkers for diseases like cancer. Saliva testing may become a life-saving alternative to blood tests in developing nations where early diagnosis is critical.
A nationwide study shows that nucleic acid-amplification testing (NAT) significantly reduces the risk of HIV-1 and HCV infections in blood recipients. NAT detects viral genes earlier than antibody tests, allowing for faster identification and disposal of infected donations.
Engineers at Ohio State University have developed a patent-pending technology that automates the ELISA biochemical test on a compact disc, significantly reducing the time required for manual testing. The CD-based system detects a sample of rat antibody in just one hour, using only one-tenth the usual amount of chemicals.
Researchers found six HIV patients who started treatment early became test-negative for the virus. The study suggests that reducing HIV to low levels can help boost the immune system's response to the virus.
A study found that rapid HIV testing during labor can provide accurate results within 66 minutes, enabling women to receive antiretroviral prophylaxis. The study also showed higher test acceptance among younger women and those with limited prenatal care, highlighting the importance of early testing for pregnant women.
A new method by Jessica Ward and Kevin Lafferty confirms fears of rising distress in threatened populations, revealing a real underlying pattern in nature. Disease trends were found to increase in all groups except seagrasses, decapods, and sharks/rays, while fishes experienced decreased disease reports.
A study led by Baylor College of Medicine and the University of Rochester Medical Center is testing a vaccine against H9 bird flu, which infected several people in Hong Kong in 1999. The goal is to prepare for potential transmission of the virus from person to person.
A new test can detect cirrhosis of the liver in its early stages, using changes in sugar production to identify the condition. The test has been shown to be accurate and could lead to earlier detection of liver cancer, improving treatment outcomes.
A meta-analysis of 15 studies found that HPV testing accurately identified high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2) or worse in 84.4% of women, while ruling out CIN2 or worse in 72.9%. HPV testing showed a sensitivity of 94.8% when using the Hybrid Capture II assay.
A new vaccine for genital herpes is being tested in a clinical trial, aiming to protect women against this sexually transmitted infection. The vaccine has passed preliminary safety and effectiveness testing and is now enrolling approximately 7,550 healthy female volunteers between 18-30 years old.
A new silicon sensor using nanotechnology has shown promising results in detecting the gene for cystic fibrosis and other genetic diseases. The sensor can distinguish between lethal and non-lethal mutations at extremely low levels, potentially leading to faster and more cost-effective genetic testing.
The HART study found HPV testing was more sensitive than cytology for detecting pre-malignant cells, but less specific. Surveillance at 12 months was as effective as immediate colposcopy for women with minimal abnormalities. This approach could improve detection rates of cervical cancer without increasing colposcopy referrals.
Researchers immunized six rhesus macaques with a combination of SARS-CoV vectors, showing strong neutralizing capacity against the virus. The vaccine induced both antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, providing protection against subsequent exposure.
The article discusses a study on women's experiences with cervical cancer screening and finds that most are reluctant to reduce the frequency of Pap tests. Meanwhile, another study analyzes exercise stress test results for predicting cardiac mortality in older adults.
Researchers discovered subtle brain damage in HIV patients taking antiretroviral drugs, despite no apparent symptoms or viral suppression. The study used brainwave recordings, neuropsychological testing, and MRI scans to compare 39 HIV-positive individuals with 35 control subjects.
The Emory research team, led by Dr. Frances Priddy and Dr. Mark Feinberg, aims to develop simpler and cheaper monitoring tools for HIV-infected individuals in resource-poor countries. The goal is to enable these individuals to benefit from antiretroviral therapies, which have saved lives in developed countries.
Vanderbilt University is one of nine US sites participating in a phase I trial of the Merck HIV vaccine, designed to test its safety and ability to stimulate immune responses in healthy volunteers. The study aims to generate cellular immune responses that could prevent the virus from spreading in the body.
A new study aims to determine which assay is most effective in providing accurate CD4 cell counts in HIV positive patients in rural countries. The research, led by a Rush University Medical Center scientist, tests three different assays to assess CD4 cell counts and could help improve treatment outcomes for millions worldwide.
Ohio State University researchers developed a three-tiered biowarfare agent detection system for Navy ships, using portable hand-held assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. This allows for quick detection of suspected biological agents, enabling medical personnel to provide timely treatment.
Researchers have found that a one-step HIV test is the least expensive option, costing nearly $82 per person compared to two-step methods. The new method provides same-day results for both HIV-positive and negative clients, reducing waste and costs associated with return clinic visits.
Researchers created a technique using validation sets to verify epidemiological data, enhancing vaccine effectiveness studies. This approach helps address reporting bias and improves the reliability of many vaccine research outcomes.
Scientists at Rice University have created a new test that can detect glycoprotein immunoglobulin G in whole blood with high sensitivity and speed. The innovation uses gold nanoshells to overcome challenges in existing immunoassays, enabling doctors to make quicker diagnoses without the need for time-consuming sample preparation.
Researchers propose alternative testing methods, such as heat-denatured p24 antigen tests and flow cytometric quantitation of CD4 T-cells, to measure progress in the war against HIV/AIDS. These affordable alternatives provide an indication of treatment response and help public health officials assess the effectiveness of their efforts.
The growing trend of consumer ordering lab tests is driven by convenience and a desire for control over healthcare. Key findings include that middle-aged or younger groups are most interested in DAT, with income brackets, health status, and insurance playing significant roles in adoption.
A study found that only 10% of sore throat cases are caused by bacteria, making antibiotic treatment without diagnosis ineffective. The traditional culture method was the most effective and least expensive way to diagnose strep throat, despite its limitations.
Researchers found that the ThinPrep Pap test was more likely to detect abnormal cervical cells in women taking oral contraceptives than those not on birth control. In reality, most healthy cells looked like HPV-infected cells due to changes caused by the testing method, highlighting the need for further analysis and potential re-testing.
The STAT program uses a combination of antibody tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect acute HIV infections, which are often missed by routine testing. The approach has resulted in a 4% increase in new HIV diagnoses in North Carolina and has shown promise for reducing transmission and saving lives.
A global network of scientists identified a new coronavirus as the cause of SARS, rapidly developing diagnostic tests and sharing data in real-time. Three diagnostic tests are now available, but limitations exist, highlighting the need for further work to develop reliable and sensitive tests.
Researchers found West Nile virus can cause muscle weakness, acute paralysis, and impaired breathing, leading to life-threatening symptoms. Four Mississippi patients who died after developing West Nile virus were examined and showed signs of viral infection in spinal cord autopsies.
A new spice-like substance, made from freeze-dried egg yolk, shows promise in preventing foodborne illnesses. The antibody-based compound can remain active for up to two hours after ingestion, providing precious time to seek medical attention.
A study in Alberta found that mandatory reporting of HIV infection did not significantly impact testing rates among the general population. However, an opt-out prenatal screening policy resulted in a dramatic increase in female tests, suggesting that fear of receiving a positive test may be a more significant deterrent to testing.
A recent study found that women with negative Pap and HPV tests are at low risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 or cancer, while those with a positive HPV test remain at risk. Researchers also discussed the challenges of analyzing DNA microarray data and recommended ways to improve its interpretation.
Researchers aim to make substance abuse treatment more accessible and effective in community settings by adapting existing therapies. The NIDA initiative tests innovative approaches, including brief family therapy, computer-based training, and community reinforcement methods.
A new heat-denatured p24 antigen test has been found to be comparable in effectiveness to existing CD4 lymphocyte count and HIV-1 RNA viral load tests. The test, which costs significantly less, could be a game-changer for developing countries struggling with high HIV infection rates.
A rapid test developer suggests a PCR-based approach as an effective alternative to current methods for detecting group A streptococcus in throat swabs. The proposed test offers enhanced sensitivity and faster results compared to traditional antigen testing.
The American Association of Clinical Chemistry presents an update on HCV testing, highlighting the importance of laboratory tests for diagnosis and monitoring treatment efficacy. New testing methods, including core antigen and genotype testing, are being developed to assist clinicians in diagnosing HCV infection.
Researchers found that nucleic acid testing can identify acute HIV infection in people who are most contagious, missing routine antibody tests. This can help prevent further transmission and improve long-term prognosis for those diagnosed early.
A new diagnostic tool, Tc 99m Depreotide, has been shown to detect the source of infection in all patients studied within three hours after injection. This is significantly faster than traditional nuclear imaging tests, which can take up to 48 hours, and offers improved accuracy.
The American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology has released comprehensive national consensus guidelines to evaluate women with abnormal Pap tests. The guidelines recommend utilizing new technologies, including liquid-based cytology and HPV testing, to standardize care.
A new study found that combining HPV and Pap tests for cervical cancer screening can detect an additional 225 cancers per 100,000 women, leading to a 59% decrease in mortality. The test is cost-effective and potentially life-saving, especially for women whose Pap test results are abnormal but inconclusive.
Researchers found that exposure to agricultural fungicide Triphenyltin (TPT) can irreversibly suppress natural killer cell function, a crucial part of the human immune system. Even after TPT is removed, these cells are unable to regain their strength.
Northwestern University scientists developed a new DNA detection method that excels in sensitivity, selectivity, cost, ease of use, and speed. The technology can detect hundreds of pathogenic agents simultaneously and pinpoint single-base mismatches missed by conventional methods.
A new study using powerful DNA-amplification tests found that up to 3% of participants had untreated chlamydia and over 5% had untreated gonorrhea, suggesting a large reservoir of asymptomatic infections. The high prevalence rates in the general public and lack of symptoms emphasize the importance of screening programs and extended acc...
Researchers investigate DNA repair capacity and its association with melanoma risk, while also exploring the predictive value of HPV testing in managing equivocal Pap tests. Additionally, a study on breast cancer biomarkers finds that measuring uPA and PAI-1 levels may help predict disease course and inform treatment strategies.
Researchers developed a fast laboratory test to study and design new compounds blocking HIV molecular components before infection. The test accelerates the discovery process, allowing pharmaceutical companies to target the entire preintegration complex, a critical step in HIV replication.
Researchers found that prion diseases adapt slowly to new species through a prolonged process, making early detection difficult. The study also showed that the disease can spread rapidly in new hosts under specific conditions.