Articles tagged with Mitochondrial Dna
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A recent study reveals that rare mitochondrial mutations are more prevalent than previously thought, affecting 7.1% of patients with a respiratory chain disorder. Comprehensive analysis of all mitochondrial DNA is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center have made significant breakthroughs in treating rare genetic disorders. For one, they demonstrated the effectiveness of deoxypyrimidine monophosphates as a treatment for thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) deficiency, a condition causing devastating neuromuscular diseases. Additionally, studies on...
Mitochondria have been found to contain 'assembly plants' that regulate the expression of their genes, producing long precursor RNA molecules specific to this organelle. These structures, known as mitochondrial RNA granules, play a crucial role in energy production and may be linked to various diseases.
Researchers at Indiana University have discovered a rare genetic interaction between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA that reduces reproductive fitness and delays development in fruit flies. This finding has important implications for understanding genetically complex human diseases, such as neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders.
A research team developed a one-step gene test that analyzes both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA to help evaluate the genetic cause of suspected mitochondrial disease. The new tool may shorten the diagnostic odyssey experienced by patients and families seeking the cause of debilitating symptoms.
Researchers found divergent mtDNA lineages in Bantu-speaking groups from Zambia, which were incorporated into their genepool through intermarriage with indigenous Khoisan women. These relic lineages demonstrate that Khoisan peoples survived until the present day despite the extinction of their source populations.
A study found that koalas have had low genetic diversity for over 120 years, likely caused by inbreeding due to declining populations. The species' vulnerability to diseases like Chlamydia and retroviruses is a major concern.
Archaeologists from the University of Leicester have uncovered human remains consistent with battle wounds, but not fitting the Tudor description of King Richard III as a hunchback. The discovery marks a significant shift to laboratory analysis to confirm the identity of the skeleton.
Researchers at Oregon State University have found a type of 'selfish' mitochondrial DNA in animals that is hurting the organism and affecting its chance to survive. The discovery bears similarities to damage done to human cells as they age and may provide an important new tool to study human aging.
A recent study reveals that historical cross-breeding of bison with domestic cattle has left a lasting genetic legacy in modern bison herds. The research, published in Conservation Biology, found that bison with a particular domestic cattle genetic trait were consistently smaller and lighter than those with true bison mitochondrial DNA.
Researchers developed a method to determine the origin of seized ivory using mitochondrial DNA sequences from elephant samples. The technique identified unique sequences linked to specific locations and countries, providing valuable information for conservationists to prevent poaching.
Research by Monash University scientists found that genetic variation in mitochondrial DNA can predict male life expectancy, but not female. The study suggests that these mutations, which affect males' aging speed and lifespan, are passed down from mothers due to the unique inheritance pattern of mitochondria.
A team of microbiologists at UMass Amherst has made an advance in understanding the replication of parasites like African sleeping sickness and chagas disease. By characterizing key proteins' organization, they discovered a novel mechanism that could lead to the development of new treatments.
Wallace's pioneering work helped understand the role of mitochondria in disease and human evolution, leading to discoveries like Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and links between mtDNA mutations and age-related diseases. He is the first laureate to receive the award at Yale University.
Researchers found that mitochondrial DNA mutations are lower in colon cancer cells than normal cells, contradicting previous beliefs. This discovery suggests that increasing mitochondrial DNA damage may lead to cancer cell death with minimal side effects.
Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center presented studies on the impact of large-vessel acute ischemic stroke on cerebral blood vessels and found that dynamic cerebral autoregulation is impaired after the event, but normalizes by week two. Additionally, they discovered increased regional expression of Lingo-1 in the essential...
Researchers used mitochondrial and Y chromosome DNA analysis to determine family relationships and burial traditions of ancient Peru. The study found a 500-year continuity without major impact from European colonization, supporting the idea of ayllu-based communities based on kinship relationships.
Researchers uncover a previously unknown species of leopard frog in NYC, using DNA analysis to distinguish it from other similar-looking frogs. The species is believed to have had a wider range but went extinct in the city's larger territory.
Scientists discover new leopard frog species in New York City's Staten Island ponds and marshes, identified through DNA analysis. The unusual species has a distinct genetic lineage, separate from other leopard frog species in the region.
Researchers discovered that mitochondrial DNA mutations cause programmed cell death in the inner ear, leading to inherited deafness. The study found that reactive oxygen molecules produced by diseased mitochondria trigger a cell death-inducing gene expression program.
A new species of plant lice, specifically Rhopalosiphum, was found in Costa Rica's high-altitude region Cerro de la Muerte. The study reveals that this newly described species feeds solely on a type of bamboo, Chusquea tomentosa.
Researchers found a 95% chance of an unaffected child when mutant mtDNA levels are below 18%, enabling PGD as a viable option. This discovery gives genetic counselling and the chance to have a healthy baby to women at risk, affecting 146,000 European families.
A new study has found that a procedure used in preconception diagnosis to analyze mutant mitochondrial DNA in supporting cells may not accurately predict egg safety for pregnancy. The research highlights the limitations of using polar bodies as a proxy for eggs prior to in vitro fertilization.
Researchers found that nerve cells' long journey to extremities leads to dysfunctional mitochondria, causing pain and tingling. This discovery may lead to new ways to treat neuropathy, often accompanying diseases like HIV/AIDS and diabetes.
A new genetic study has found that the DNA of current Polynesians can be traced back to migrants from the Asian mainland who settled in islands close to New Guinea around 6,000 years ago. The research challenges previous theories on human migration, suggesting a 'voyaging corridor' between Southeast Asia and the Pacific
Researchers at NIST have developed a technique to extract individual mitochondria from cells, enabling further study of genetic mutations behind neuromuscular disorders. This breakthrough could lead to a better understanding of mitochondrial-based diseases and potential treatments.
Researchers discovered that children with full syndrome autism have impaired mitochondrial function and mitochondrial DNA abnormalities, which may contribute to brain dysfunction. The study suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction could amplify and propagate brain problems in autism.
Researchers found distinct genetic patterns in eastern and western jack pine populations, suggesting an isolated coastal refugium along the Atlantic coast during the Last Glacial Maximum. This discovery sheds light on how glaciers impacted present-day pine genetics and potentially influenced the distribution of other boreal species.
Researchers reanalyze mitochondrial genome data to reveal new insights into the initial peopling of North America, confirming 15 founding maternal lineages from Beringia. The study's findings suggest that genetic diversity was significantly underestimated in previous estimates.
A Caltech-led team discovered that mitochondrial fusion is highly protective against high loads of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Without fusion, mtDNA levels drop, and the remaining mtDNA contains more mistakes, suggesting that fusion is necessary for mtDNA stability.
Researchers found a maternal East Asian ancestry in ancient mitochondrial DNA from 2,000-year-old bones in Italy. The findings indicate that at least one individual was of non-Italian descent, possibly a slave or worker from the Roman Empire.
The study reveals that wild Iberian horses played a role in the origin of modern Iberian domestic stock, with their maternal lineages present in ancient DNA sequences. The researchers also found evidence of a completely independent domestication episode or restocking process using Iberian maternal lineages.
Researchers analyzed Y chromosome DNA from human remains on the Canary Islands to determine the origin and evolution of paternal lineages. They found a North African origin for these lineages, which declined due to European colonization and the African slave trade.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet discovered unstable proteins cause premature ageing by impairing cell respiration. Changes in mtDNA introduce errors into mitochondrial proteins, leading to their instability and breakdown.
Researchers at University of Leeds developed a more accurate method to date ancient human migration without archaeological evidence. The new method refines mtDNA calculations by accounting for natural selection, yielding precise and narrower date ranges.
Researchers have identified a genetic mutation in mitochondrial DNA that causes sensory ataxic neuropathy (SAN) in Golden Retriever dogs. The mutation leads to progressive loss of neurons, affecting about five percent of the current Swedish Golden Retriever population.
Researchers confirm the existence of three separate Neanderthal sub-groups in Western Europe, southern Europe, and the Levant, with a fourth group found in western Asia. The study suggests that climate conditions played a significant role in shaping the population's geographical distribution.
Researchers have confirmed the identities of the two missing Romanov children murdered in 1918 using DNA analysis. The study used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to link the remains to Empress Alexandra and Crown Prince Alexei, resolving a 90-year-old mystery. Genetic connections were established through maternal and paternal lineages.
Researchers at Montreal Neurological Institute identify a genetic bottleneck that determines the proportion of mutated mtDNA transmitted from mother to child. This understanding can inform genetic counselling and treatment, offering hope for preventing debilitating diseases like maternally inherited blindness.
A study of 1833 HIV patients found that specific mitochondrial DNA genotypes accelerate AIDS development, while others delay it. This suggests that genetic tests could provide accurate prognoses and guide early treatment initiation.
A genetic study found that Townsend's warblers have inherited mitochondrial DNA from hermit warblers, indicating interbreeding in the past. The DNA analysis suggests that natural selection drove hermits out of their range, leaving behind genetic fingerprints.
Researchers sequenced Öetzi's mtDNA genome, finding that he belonged to a rare or extinct lineage. The study provides an unprecedented look at ancient human ancestry and sheds light on the frequency of genetic lineages over time, revealing potential gaps in knowledge left by the extinction of certain variants.
A study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics reveals a significant presence of mitochondrial DNA mutations in the general population. Researchers found that at least 1 in 200 individuals harbor pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations, which may lead to diseases such as muscle weakness and diabetes.
A new study finds that patient age, predisposition to heart disease, and prior treatments are associated with an individual's risk of developing heart problems following epirubicin treatment. The researchers recommend lowering the cumulative dose recommended for most patients, with maximum doses ranging from 300 mg/m2 to 900 mg/m2.
A large genetic study of the extinct woolly mammoth has revealed that it did not have much genetic diversity and was split into two groups. The discovery rules out human hunting as a contributing factor to its extinction, instead pointing to climate change and disease.
A team of researchers analyzed 600 complete mtDNA genomes from indigenous populations across Africa to discover the early demographic history of human populations before they moved out of Africa. The study reveals that these early human populations were small and isolated for tens of thousands of years.
Researchers at UC Irvine found a single mitochondrial DNA mutation causes degenerative heart and muscle disease in mice, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial DNA in human health. The study's findings could lead to new treatments for age-related diseases affecting millions worldwide.
Researchers developed a computational model to study mitochondrial disease inheritance in mice, revealing how mtDNA is divided and separated during embryo formation. The model accounts for the 'mitochondrial genetic bottleneck' and could help predict a child's risk of developing maternally inherited mitochondrial diseases.
Researchers have identified a mitochondrial genetic bottleneck that affects the inheritance of mtDNA, leading to varying severity and location of disease. This breakthrough may enable predicting disease risk and severity in children, previously difficult to forecast.
A study of mitochondrial DNA reveals that piranhas' modern species originated from a recent diversification event triggered by marine incursions into the Amazon Basin. The researchers propose that factors like water quality and geographical history played a crucial role in shaping the diversity of these fish species.
The study provides unprecedented insights into the genetic diversity of fruit flies, enabling scientists to compare related species and track ancestry. By analyzing mitochondrial DNA sequences from 12 species, researchers have discovered highly conserved genes and rapid-evolving genes, shedding light on evolutionary adaptations.
A team of researchers proposes a new hypothesis on human migration from Asia to the Americas, suggesting that ancestors remained isolated in Beringia for 15,000 years before entering the continent. The study's findings contradict previous theories and provide insights into the peopling of the New World.
A new light trap design has led to the discovery of a new species of goby, with DNA barcoding technology confirming its unique genetic profile. The capture of larvae using the innovative trap provided access to previously inaccessible species, shedding new light on marine biodiversity.
Scientists have found a direct link between mitochondrial DNA variants and metabolic markers for type 2 diabetes in rats. The study, published in Genome Research, highlights the role of mitochondrial genome variation in common diseases.
Scientists identify MTERF3 as a mitochondrial factor that inhibits mtDNA expression and slows down cellular energy production. This discovery may lead to new ways of treating diseases related to impaired mitochondrial function.
The Genographic Project, launched in 2005, uses genetics to address anthropological questions globally. The project provides a periodically-updated database comprising all donated data and the Nearest Neighbor haplogroup prediction tool, allowing for accurate classification of mitochondrial lineages.
Genetic analysis reveals Etruscan immigrants came from Anatolia, specifically southern Turkey. The study confirms Herodotus' theory and provides evidence for a genetic continuity between ancient and modern-day Tuscans.
Research shows that diabetic men's sperm have greater levels of DNA damage, which may affect fertility. Sperm from diabetic men had higher fragmentation rates and more deletions of DNA in mitochondria compared to non-diabetic men.
A new DNA study has identified significant genetic differences among Melanesian populations, tied to their island of origin and language spoken. The research, led by Temple University professor Jonathan Friedlaender, sheds light on the unique diversity of this region.
University of Florida researchers validate the use of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to study ancient migrations and population sizes. By analyzing correlations between mtDNA diversity and protein variation, they demonstrate that mtDNA remains a useful tool for understanding population dynamics.