Articles tagged with Mitochondrial Dna
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that more than half of African American mitochondrial DNA sequences matched multiple sub-Saharan ethnic groups, making it difficult to determine ancestral origins. Only a few percent of the sequences were exact matches to a single African ethnic group's mitochondrial DNA.
The MitoChip v2.0 is a second-generation 'lab on a silicon chip' that rapidly sequences all mitochondrial DNA, accelerating research in fields like cancer diagnostics and gerontology. The new tool detected nearly three dozen variations in the non-coding D-loop region, improving its sensitivity and reproducibility.
A 100,000 year-old Neandertal DNA sequence sheds new light on the genetic diversity of our extinct relatives. The study confirms that Neandertals were a more genetically diverse group than previously thought, with mtDNA from the Scladina sample showing more divergence relative to modern humans.
Researchers have identified new molecular indicators of aging in the skin that could be used to evaluate anti-aging therapies. The biomarkers are changes to the DNA of cellular organelles called mitochondria and correlate with the aging process.
A recent study analyzing ancient DNA from skeletons of early European farmers found that they did not contribute heavily to the genetic makeup of modern Europeans. Six out of 24 skeletons showed rare genetic signatures, suggesting that early farmers left only a minor genetic legacy in central Europe.
Researchers found a significant association between the mitochondrial DNA variant and increased breast cancer risk in African-American women, while white women carry a much higher frequency of the allele without apparent implications for breast cancer risk.
A new study links aging to genetic mutations in mitochondria, accelerating cell death and critical organ failure. Researchers found that accumulated mitochondrial DNA damage triggers cell death, leading to symptoms like hair loss, weight loss and vision impairment.
A new study in PLoS Biology confirms the genetic link between Polynesians and indigenous Taiwanese populations, revealing three unique mitochondrial DNA mutations. The findings suggest that Taiwanese aboriginal populations have been genetically isolated from mainland Chinese for 10,000 to 20,000 years.
Researchers at NIST have developed a new DNA sequencing chip that detects mtDNA changes associated with early cancer. The chip promises faster, easier interpretation, and higher throughput than current methods, potentially revolutionizing early clinical cancer diagnosis.
Scientists at Emory University have discovered that mitochondrial DNA variants are associated with a two-fold increase in prostate cancer risk and up to two-and-a-half times the risk for renal cancer. The U haplogroup, found among 9.6% of Caucasian Americans, is linked to an increased risk, particularly among those from northern and Ea...
A study found that inherited mitochondrial DNA variations are associated with an increased risk of developing prostate and renal cancer. Specifically, haplogroup U mtDNA was detected in higher frequencies among prostate and renal cancer patients compared to healthy individuals.
A new Standard Reference Material, SRM 2394, has been developed by NIST researchers to aid in the detection of low-frequency mutations in heteroplasmic DNA. The material provides a set of mixtures at 10 certified concentrations of two DNA fragments differing at one position.
Researchers at UT Southwestern have discovered that aconitase, an enzyme involved in energy production, plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the mitochondrial genome. This finding reveals a new function for the enzyme, independent of its metabolic activity.
Researchers found mitochondrial DNA mutations in 12% of prostate cancer samples and 7.8% of general population controls, with increased tumor growth and oxygen radical production in mutant cells. These findings suggest a causal link between mtDNA mutations and prostate cancer development, particularly in African men.
Researchers at the University of Arizona have discovered new insights into ancient mating and migration patterns in humans using genetic data. The study found that men's genes traveled farther than women's, contradicting previous assumptions about patrilocality, a common marriage practice.
Research finds that mitochondrial function decline is a critical mechanism driving aging, leading to premature aging in mice. The study highlights the potential for protecting mitochondrial DNA from damage to slow down aging and treat related pathological changes.
A new study by Ristaino and Kim May identifies the Ia strain of P. infestans, tracing its probable roots to the Andes Mountains in South America. The researchers analyzed 186 specimens from six regions worldwide, confirming 90% were infected with P. infestans.
Researchers at UVA Health System have developed a cellular model of Parkinson's disease that can be used to study the disease's pathological features and test potential treatments. This model replicates the characteristic Lewy bodies found in brain tissue from patients with advanced Parkinson's disease.
Researchers have successfully created a new kind of mouse by replacing its genetic material with that from another species, paving the way for studies on mitochondrial medicine. The goal is to improve treatment options for people with currently untreatable diseases, such as infertility, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers found that mitochondrial DNA mutations enabled early humans to adapt to colder climates, reducing the risk of diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The study suggests a link between genetic history and current disease predispositions.
Researchers discovered rapid evolution in the white-footed mouse population, with significant changes in gene sequence frequencies over three 50-year intervals. The findings suggest that humans may be a cause of this rapid evolution, and challenge current phylogenetic and phylogeographic methodology.
Scientists have identified a genetic marker that points to Mexico as the origin of domesticated squash, contradicting previous theories. The study used mitochondrial DNA genetic markers to analyze the relationships between wild and domesticated Cucurbita pepo populations.
Researchers at Duke University used nuclear genes to analyze genetic material from 15 mammal species, providing statistically unambiguous results in favor of the Theria hypothesis. This contradicts the Marsupionta hypothesis supported by mitochondrial DNA method, which links disparate animals like kangaroos and whales.
A team of biologists led by Mark Springer at the University of California, Riverside and including Ronald DeBry of the University of Cincinnati report in Nature that an intensive analysis of DNA sequences provides strong support for a grouping dubbed Afrotheria.
Researchers applied modern forensic DNA techniques to a 30,000-year-old Neanderthal infant, resolving the debate on human evolution. The study revealed that modern humans diverged from Neanderthals around 500,000 years ago, supporting the out-of-Africa model.
Researchers have defined and sequenced the centromeres of five chromosomes in Arabidopsis thaliana, a flowering plant that has become the primary model for plant genetics. The findings represent the first time scientists have identified the genetic boundaries of centromeres in a multi-cellular organism.
A recent study published in Science found that chimpanzee subspecies are genetically mixed and more diverse than previously thought. The research suggests that the variation in the chimpanzee genome is not due to cultural differences, but rather a result of genetic variation between populations.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have shown that the transmission of mtDNA in yeast is organized and finite, rather than random. This discovery has implications for understanding genetic disorders caused by mtDNA mutations in humans, where the mother passes on a minority of her mtDNA copies to the fetus.
A team of researchers found that Neandertal mitochondrial DNA falls outside normal human variation, indicating they did not contribute to the genetic makeup of modern humans. The study also confirms the origins of modern humans in Africa and suggests a divergence of 500,000 to 600,000 years ago.