Articles tagged with Cognitive Neuroscience
Researchers developed a customisable time tool, the Goldilocks Day calculator, to help parents allocate hours and activities for optimal health outcomes. The tool considers physical health, cognitive abilities, and mental wellbeing, allowing parents to adjust daily schedules based on their child's needs.
Research found a strong correlation between Aβ42 peptide levels in companion dog brains and cognitive decline, supporting the use of dogs as models for Alzheimer's disease. The study's results demonstrate the potential of canine cognitive dysfunction as a tool for understanding human aging and age-related diseases.
Researchers reviewed 79 studies on neurocognitive impairments and brain abnormalities associated with nonfatal opioid overdoses in humans. The findings suggest a link between overdose, cognitive impairment, and brain changes, which could influence attention span, memory, and executive function.
Adolescents in the US showed stable overall drug use rates during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic, but nicotine and prescription misuse increased, while alcohol use decreased. The study monitored 7,842 adolescents and found heightened stress, depression, and anxiety associated with youth substance abuse.
Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh conducted a study on three Rhesus monkeys, finding that their performance declined by up to 25% when offered a jackpot reward. The team also discovered a link between sensory motor processing and emotional processing in the monkeys' brains.
Researchers from Kessler Foundation found that cognitive rehabilitation programs are effective in treating multiple sclerosis-related cognitive dysfunction. Behavioral interventions such as restorative and compensatory approaches improve cognition and daily life functioning.
Chronic light exposure disrupts circadian rhythms in rats, leading to memory deficits and amyloid β accumulation similar to Alzheimer's disease. Fluoxetine treatment prevents these effects, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy.
A study on red junglefowl chicks found that early experiences can affect impulsivity, contradicting initial expectations. The researchers also discovered a link between gene expression and impulsivity, suggesting that genetic factors contribute to individual differences in impulsive behavior.
Research suggests that people with mentally stimulating jobs have a lower risk of dementia in old age compared to those with non-stimulating jobs. Cognitive stimulation is associated with lower levels of proteins that may prevent brain cells from forming new connections.
A new UCLA-led study reveals how gut microbes can worsen cognitive impairment in mice by targeting the hippocampus, a crucial brain region for memory and learning. The researchers found that Bilophila wadsworthia bacteria increased in mice fed a ketogenic diet under conditions of oxygen deprivation.
A new study shows that having someone available to listen can improve cognitive resilience and reduce the risk of cognitive decline. The study found that individuals with higher listener availability had better cognitive function despite similar physical aging or disease-related changes.
A study of over 200 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) found key differences in their fine motor control and eye movements compared to neurotypical peers. The research highlights the importance of considering multiple systems, including feedback and feed-forward systems, in understanding sensorimotor deficits in ASD.
Research found that COVID-19 patients with more severe symptoms scored lower on reasoning and problem-solving tasks. Cognitive deficits were greatest in those receiving mechanical ventilation, similar to average decline seen over a decade of ageing.
A 17-year study found that children who experienced poverty in preschool had smaller volumes of certain subcortical brain regions, including the hippocampus and thalamus. The researchers also found that these children showed slower growth in these regions over time, leading to poorer cognitive and behavioral outcomes in adulthood.
A new study demonstrates that artificial intelligence networks based on human brain connectivity can perform cognitive tasks efficiently. Researchers created a brain connectivity pattern and applied it to an artificial neural network, which performed cognitive memory tasks more flexibly and efficiently than other benchmark architectures.
The University of North Florida will lead a six-site study using computerized cognitive training to improve cognition and potentially prevent dementia. The five-year study aims to recruit 1001 participants from the Jacksonville area, with a focus on African American and Hispanic populations.
In a study published in Animal Behaviour, Claire Hemingway found that fruit-eating bats prefer two over one option, but are swayed by the third choice. This suggests that diet and environment play a significant role in shaping their decision-making processes.
Researchers identified a genetic mutation in nonhuman primates that closely resembles Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, a rare and progressive disorder affecting the central nervous system. The discovery was made possible by a massive genomic database built at OHSU's Oregon National Primate Research Center.
A Duke University study found that combining risk data with an imagination exercise helps participants make more realistic decisions about their own risky behaviors. The intervention, now integrated into a publicly accessible data dashboard, aims to improve public health decisions during the pandemic.
A new study published in the Social Bulletin of Psychology found that right-wing authoritarianism is more closely tied to how people acquire positive attitudes than changing them. The researchers suggest that individuals with RWA tend to be more sensitive to negative information, leading them to stick to positive information and avoid ...
Researchers have discovered the amygdala's role in pre-attentive mechanisms, shedding light on its connection to schizophrenia and other disorders. The study found that activating brain stem inhibitory neurons via the amygdala is crucial for startle inhibition.
A phase 2 study found that riluzole slowed brain metabolic decline and improved cognitive performance in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. The drug targets glutamate dysregulation thought to contribute to the development of Alzheimer's.
Researchers found that cardiometabolic abnormality, such as hypertension and high cholesterol, were more strongly associated with cognitive function and decline than obesity alone. Individuals with obesity and cardiometabolic abnormality had lower performance results on testing and greater cognitive decline.
Neuroscientists at Kyoto University have discovered brain networks that connect anxiety to pessimistic decision-making. The pregenual ACC, a middle layer of the brain, plays a key role in integrating feelings with rational thinking and is linked to avoidance and pessimistic decision-making.
Researchers at the University of Waterloo found that people who experience intense boredom frequently in everyday life may seek 'flow' by playing smartphone games to escape their feelings. This 'boredom fix' can lead to negative consequences and excessive gaming, ultimately increasing depression.
Researchers have discovered a link between cognitive decline and faster bone loss in women, increasing future fracture risk. Cognitive decline over five years was associated with a 1.7-fold increase in fracture risk in subsequent 10 years.
A recent study by the Max Planck Institute for Human Development found that spending time outdoors positively affects brain structure and gray matter in the right dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex. This area is involved in planning, regulation of actions, and cognitive control. The results persist even when other factors are kept constant.
A study of 1,978 people with an average age of 80 found that those who engaged in cognitively stimulating activities such as reading and playing card games delayed the onset of Alzheimer's dementia by up to five years. The research suggests that it may be beneficial to start doing these things, even in your 80s.
Researchers discovered a link between theta rhythm of the brain and gender differences in attitudes towards risk. The study found that men showed a higher risk appetite than women, with stronger frontal theta asymmetry and oscillations in the anterior cingulate cortex correlating with risk-taking behavior.
A recent meta-analysis found that acute aerobic exercise temporarily improves cognitive performance. However, approximately 50% of studies failed to show a link between the two. The analysis revealed that benefits were greater in those with lower pre-test scores and were more generalized across different types of cognitive performance.
Researchers found that lisdexamfetamine reduced symptoms of sluggish cognitive tempo by 30% and improved ADHD symptoms by over 40%. The study suggests that the treatment may also address executive brain function deficits, prioritization skills, and procrastination.
Patients two months after COVID-19 recovery show significant cognitive disturbances, including memory issues, spatial awareness problems, and executive function impairment. The majority of younger patients under 50 exhibit these symptoms, highlighting the need for adequate support and treatments to alleviate symptoms.
A long-term study on wild chimpanzees found that young orphaned chimps experience high levels of stress when their mothers die, but this stress subsides over time. Adult orphaned chimps are supported by other chimps, which may contribute to their recovery from maternal loss.
A new study suggests that an emotional regulation technique called cognitive reappraisal can help disrupt compulsive cocaine addiction. The technique, which involves reinterpreting the meaning of drug-related cues, was found to reduce attention-bias in individuals with cocaine use disorder.
A study from King's College London found that intermittent fasting increased Klotho gene expression and promoted adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice, leading to improved long-term memory retention. The researchers hope to replicate the study with human participants to further explore the effects of IF.
Researchers found that playing games in virtual reality creates a 'time compression' effect, where players perceive less time passing than they think. This was observed among participants who played the game first in virtual reality, and could have implications for both benefits and harms of VR technology.
Researchers at TU Darmstadt created an interactive typeface, AdaptiFont, that adjusts font styles to increase reading speed. The system uses machine learning to generate personalized fonts based on individual users' preferences.
A study analyzed 121 published studies on virtual and in-person cognitive assessments for diagnosing dementia or mild cognitive impairment. The analysis found good reliability and accuracy of virtual assessments for diagnosing dementia, but identified barriers to implementing cognitive assessments for older adults.
Individuals from long-lived families demonstrate improved baseline cognitive performance compared to their spouses. The study also found a slower rate of cognitive decline in younger generations within these families, particularly on the symbol coding test.
A new study from Stockholm University debunks the idea that humans can maintain stable relationships with only 150 people, citing a lack of precision in available methods and data. The researchers found that the average maximum group size is often lower than 150, with confidence intervals ranging from 2 to 520 people.
Porphyrin molecules have electrical and optical properties that can be tailored for molecular-based materials and quantum information technologies. Researchers will develop a comprehensive database for porphyrins and metal-porphyrins with experimental and theoretical values, including response functions and conductance curves.
Researchers present a framework for effective altruism, suggesting donors split contributions between emotionally appealing and impactful charities. They advocate for expert evaluations and tangible details about charity intervention strategies.
Researchers found that individuals with multiple sclerosis experience subtle language impairments that can be attributed to impaired executive functions or language ability. The study suggests the need for more comprehensive neuropsychological testing to fully understand cognitive profiles and provide optimal interventions.
A study of 58,389 European adults found no link between weight gain and improved cognitive performance in older age. The research suggests that weight gain may even be associated with poorer cognitive outcomes.
A recent study suggests that preserving physical and mental health helps older adults experiencing cognitive impairment stave off declines in cognitive engagement. The researchers found that declines in physical and mental health were associated with more pronounced cognitive disengagement, particularly among participants with advanced...
A team of New Jersey researchers has shown that changes in perceptual certainty and response bias, two central metrics of signal detection theory (SDT), correlate with changes in cognitive fatigue. SDT measures change as a function of changes in brain activation.
A new UCLA Health study reveals that middle-aged women's cognitive function does not improve with physical activity, despite its many health benefits. The 21-year study found no association between exercise and slower cognitive decline in three key areas: processing speed, verbal memory, and working memory.
A nine-month program combining theoretical studies and meditation practices improved life satisfaction, perceived well-being, and emotional regulation. The study suggests that happiness is linked to inner equilibrium and offers a secular approach to develop authentic happiness.
The partnership aims to improve understanding of CDS incidence, prevalence and risk factors. Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome affects about 14% of dogs 8 years and older.
Researchers aim to understand how neurons construct synapses of different strengths, a key factor in the diversity of neural communication. They will focus on 'active zones' and test how protein availability and gene expression affect AZ development.
Researchers at Kessler Foundation found that cognitive fatigue changes functional connectivity within the brain's 'fatigue network', which comprises key brain regions. This novel finding may accelerate advances toward effective interventions for disabling fatigue caused by various conditions.
A new study found that self-paced physical and cognitive activity after a concussion does not hasten or prolong recovery in children and teens. Increased daily step count was associated with early symptom resolution, but the association was not statistically significant.
Researchers at George Mason University are conducting two studies on adaptive interventions for emotion regulation in the workplace. The first study evaluates the effectiveness of three cognitive reappraisal Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) in achieving proximal emotion and performance outcomes.
A new study found that preschoolers with higher cardiorespiratory fitness perform better on cognitive tests and other measures of brain function, including academic ability tasks and attention skills. The research suggests that the relationship between physical activity and brain health is evident even in early childhood.
Researchers aim to provide initial data on ocrelizumab's impact on cognitive fatigue in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A 3-year study involving three groups will assess levels of cognitive fatigue and brain activity, exploring the therapeutic effects of ocrelizumab.
Researchers recorded neuron activity in patients with Parkinson's disease to understand how individual neurons represent others' beliefs. They found specialized neurons that respond when assessing another's false beliefs and those that encode information to distinguish between one's own and another's thoughts.
A recent study published in Disability and Health Journal found that adults with cognitive disabilities were more than twice as likely to use e-cigarettes, highlighting a high-risk group for adverse health outcomes. The study also showed that men, young adults, and adults with COPD or depression were more likely to use e-cigarettes.
Researchers use novel algorithm to interpret brain signals in real-time, allowing them to predict monkeys' decisions before they make a movement. This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for understanding cognition and decision-making processes.
The study will investigate whether treatment with Tysabri alleviates cognitive fatigue in individuals with MS. Researchers will use functional MRI to measure brain activation associated with cognitive fatigue, aiming to advance knowledge of the effects of Tysabri on this disabling symptom.
Researchers at Yale University used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to study brain activity during face-to-face discussions. They found that brains exhibit a calm synchronicity of activity focused on sensory areas when agreeing, but mobilize higher cognitive functions and emotional resources when disagreeing.