Articles tagged with Learning Processes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin found that students who lived abroad showed more evidence of creativity than those who didn't. Multicultural learning is believed to be a critical component of the adaptation process, acting as a creativity catalyst.
A new study led by the University of Leicester has revealed the mechanism by which memories are formed, highlighting the importance of the M3-muscarinic receptor in this process. The research, funded by the Wellcome Trust, holds potential to impact drug design for treating Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers at Caltech identified two learning strategies associated with unique neural signatures, model-free and model-based learning. Model-free learning relies on trial-and-error comparisons, while model-based learning generates cognitive maps of environments, enabling adaptability in novel situations.
Professor Dentcheva's $350,000 grant will focus on multistage stochastic optimization problems and Markov decision processes. The project aims to develop modeling and algorithmic tools for formalizing and solving long-term planning problems with risk as a key issue.
Researchers have discovered that the brain's hippocampus replay process is a complex cognitive function that helps animals learn and maintain their internal representation of the world. This process involves replaying experiences, even those previously unencountered, to create connections within the cognitive map.
A recent study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology reveals that people underconfidently assess their learning abilities but overconfidently predict their memory performance. The researchers found that individuals failed to account for improved learning outcomes following additional study and testing.
Research confirms that brain areas for noun and verb processing are distinct, with nouns primarily activating the left fusiform gyrus and verbs activating other regions like the left inferior frontal gyrus. The study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to show neural differences in learning new nouns and verbs.
A University of Florida project, 'Call the Wild,' aims to educate zoo visitors about science through mobile technology. Researchers will test different audio calls, texts, and smartphone applications to determine their effectiveness in engaging visitors in learning about scientific processes.
Researchers at the University of California, Santa Cruz, found that new brain connections form quickly within one hour of training, leading to long-lasting memories. The study used mice with genetically altered fluorescent proteins to visualize changes in individual brain cells.
Researchers found search engines are used for fact-checking and supporting higher-level information needs, revealing a more complex role in learning. Their study suggests design improvements for search engines can better address users' cognitive and affective aspects.
A team of researchers has discovered the process by which new HIV virus particles are assembled at the membrane of infected cells and released to attack healthy cells nearby. The study, published in PLoS Pathogens, provides important insights into a crucial step in person-to-person transmission.
Plant biologists are key players in advancing scientific literacy, and recent research highlights the importance of teaching inquiry methods, raising public awareness of science, and creating an accessible reference for teachers. By working together, scientists can build a more receptive audience and enhance capacity to change the future.
Research shows that the brain uses the same neural networks to process both familiar and newly learned words, with no clear differences in function. New definitions are learned even faster than new names, indicating a possible link between meaning retention and brain activation patterns.
The NIH panel found that the routine collection of family history may motivate positive lifestyle changes and enhance individual empowerment, but its effectiveness in improving health outcomes is unclear. The panel recommends additional research to understand how to effectively gather and use family history information in primary care.
The European Association of Urology has published an evidence-based guideline for incontinent urostomy, offering expert guidance for nurses. The comprehensive 80-page document covers topics such as cystectomy, pre- and post-operative care, and community follow-up, providing best practices for managing this complex condition.
Researchers at UC San Diego used machine learning to empower their Einstein robot to learn realistic facial expressions, improving the process of teaching robots to make lifelike faces. The team discovered that the model learned to automatically compensate for missing servos and can now make facial expressions it had never encountered.
Researchers found that individuating novel objects with unique names enhances holistic processing, a hallmark of face-like expertise. This technique can be learned quickly and applied to other objects, indicating that expert-level recognition is not solely the result of extensive practice.
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine suggests that cigarette smoking does not affect everyone in the same way, with some people experiencing severe breathing difficulties while others evade the disease. The research proposes an autoimmune mechanism compounded by genetic predisposition as a possible explanation for t...
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center followed genetically labeled cells in mouse lungs for over a year to understand natural renewal and healing processes. They found that lung stem cells play a crucial role in maintaining lung function and identified the secretory cell's ability to give rise to ciliated cells.
Research suggests that online educational empowerment enables learners to acquire knowledge efficiently through social networks. However, individual self-governance is key to success in these communities. The study explores how personal factors like goals, communication skills, and IT skills affect learning outcomes.
A new study finds that consumers evaluate products differently based on the timing of their purchase. When considering future use, desirability is a primary factor, while feasibility takes precedence for immediate use. Reevaluating a product later can also influence judgments, with future-considered products being viewed more favorably.
High emergent nature individuals possess strong traits of reflectiveness, creativity, and openness to experience. They can envision and evaluate successful product concepts through a combination of intuition and logical analysis.
Researchers discover that opera fans learn to appreciate the art form by forming emotional connections and decoding its meaning. Through social interaction and personal experience, fans develop a deeper understanding of opera's nuances, ultimately becoming passionate advocates for the art.
A new study reveals that reward-induced stimulus pairing can elicit visual learning in adults without conscious awareness of the stimulus presentation or reward contingencies. This suggests that automatic reinforcement mechanisms rather than directed attention drive improvements in sensory skills.
Michael Wesch, a cultural anthropologist, has been selected as the national professor of the year for research and doctoral universities. His innovative teaching methods, including the 'World Simulation', have earned him numerous awards and recognition.
Scientists at Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology show that new cell contacts established during learning process stay active, enabling faster learning of forgotten information. This reactivation facilitates more efficient relearning and retains ability to learn up to advanced age.
Astrocytes fine-tune synaptic plasticity by secreting and re-releasing neurotrophic factor BDNF, influencing long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD). This process affects neurons' ability to communicate with each other, impacting learning and memory.
A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research found that consumers more strongly associate common attributes with early-learned brands and unique attributes with late-learned brands. This means that late entrants can gain an advantage if their unique attributes are more valued than those of the pioneer brand.
A University of Haifa research team has identified a protein, PSD-95, crucial for stabilizing long-term memories. The study found that inducing PSD-95 production during memory creation is necessary for memory retention, while its absence does not affect existing memories.
New research suggests that babies' early language skills are rooted in the brain's ability to recognize repetition patterns. The study found increased brain activity in response to words with repeating syllables, indicating a possible hard-wired mechanism for language acquisition.
Researchers have discovered a complex process in the brain that regulates synaptic connections during learning and memory, involving a specific presynaptic protein regulated by postsynaptic calcium. This understanding may lead to interventions for human brain disorders and age-related memory loss.
A study by Mathias and Helena Osvath found that chimpanzees and orangutans can plan ahead, overriding immediate needs in favor of future rewards. The apes demonstrated self-control and pre-experiencing a future event, visualizing the use of tools to achieve goals.
Reducing the nogo receptor in the brain results in stronger brain signaling in mice, effectively boosting signal strength between synapses. The findings suggest that enhancing synaptic plasticity can partially counter the effects of an injury like stroke or traumatic brain injury.
Researchers found that body movements reflect confidence in learning tasks using the Wiiimote, suggesting a link between cognition and action. The study provides new evidence for the deep interconnection between mental processing and bodily movement.
The University of Illinois has developed a free online collections management program called Archon, which provides easy-to-use tools for archivists. The program makes archival holdings more accessible to users, automatically creating searchable websites and allowing for efficient work processes.
Researchers found that nicotine can initially reverse alcohol-induced cognitive deficits, but tolerance develops with continued administration. Chronic nicotine exposure produces cross-tolerance to the effects of low-dose alcohol on learning, potentially exacerbating addiction.
Researchers discovered that cockroaches learn better at night and retain memories for several days, while morning training leads to complete memory loss. This study provides new insights into the interaction between circadian clocks and learning in insects.
A Northwestern University study finds that music training improves the brain's multi-sensory processing, leading to enhanced verbal communication skills. The research suggests that musical training could help children develop literacy skills and combat literacy disorders.
Researchers distinguish brain circuitry for surprise and aversive stimuli, finding different neuronal populations respond to expectation of reward or punishment. This study sheds light on the amygdala's role in emotion, reinforcement learning, attention, and arousal.
Aging does not seem to affect people's ability to judge their own learning of text materials, according to a new study. Researchers found that older adults can regulate their learning more effectively if they have accurate self-evaluation skills.
Researchers create new technique for mass-producing nanoscale structures using atomic force microscope and macroscale milling machines. The method enables consistent production of features on the order of single molecules, paving the way for industrial-scale nanotechnology applications.
A University of Illinois study found that teenagers can become insightful about their emotional patterns and learn to intervene in their emotional episodes. In a high-school musical theater production, teens developed rich emotional growth by learning to identify and control their emotions, as well as use them positively.
Scientists at the University of Exeter have discovered a rapid brain mechanism that helps people avoid repeating previous errors. This 'early warning signal' is triggered in just 0.1 seconds after making an incorrect prediction, allowing individuals to learn from their mistakes and make better decisions in the future.
Researchers found that online learning communities like Think.com can promote children's learning by encouraging active engagement, digital literacy, and social skills. The teams assess how such systems support students in creating knowledge products and building a sense of identity and audience within the community.
Researchers have discovered a tool for rapid drug discovery by combining molecular fragments, allowing for more specific targeting of cancer cells. Additionally, two new peptides enable the labeling of proteins, enabling further study and modification.
A University of Missouri-Columbia researcher discovered over 50 new insect species in Thailand's mountainous streams and waterfalls. The newly identified species possess painful bites but serve no specific ecological purpose, feeding on other insects and small fish.
Scientists have successfully traced associative learning to early stages of the visual processing pathway, suggesting a more general property of the brain. By training monkeys to associate objects with specific signals, researchers found that neurons in the middle temporal area responded to both the original stimulus and the associated...
A two-stage model suggests that humans learn novel tasks by first processing stimulus shape and then discriminating between shapes to categorize objects. The study used fMRI to measure brain activity while participants learned to group cars into categories, revealing a complex interplay between lower and higher brain processes.
A series of articles provides tried-and-true advice on maintaining and manipulating flies, inducing mutations, harvesting and analyzing embryos, and characterizing proteins. These protocols are designed to be easy to use at the bench, with reagents, equipment, and recipe lists.
A University of Missouri-Columbia researcher is deploying sensors on a mid-ocean ridge to capture rare underwater data, providing valuable insights into volcanic activity and its effects on ocean chemistry. The project aims to improve our understanding of the Earth's oceans, which cover over 70% of the planet.
A study of internationally adopted children sheds new light on infant language development, showing that older children follow the same stages as infants when learning a new language. This challenges traditional theories and suggests that these stages are side effects of the processes children use to learn words and grammar.
A University of Illinois food scientist has discovered that certain solutions used by meat processors to extend shelf life actually do double duty as antimicrobial agents, killing E. coli 0157:H7. The study found that some shelf-life enhancers, such as sodium lactate and sodium diacetate, are effective at reducing bacteria growth.
A new program has been launched to make books and reading more enjoyable for Chinese children, building an intrinsic motivation for literacy. The shared book approach involves significant time spent reading stories with students, laying a foundation for reading and promoting oral language facility.
Researchers have discovered how wood ants use visual navigation strategies to find food, storing images of routes and landscapes in their memories. This study could lead to the development of autonomous robots by understanding how ants learn and navigate using visual cues.
A review of medical literature found that physicians' self-assessments are less accurate than external observations of their competence. The authors recommend shifting the focus from unguided physician self-assessment to processes that provide iterative feedback and support learning.
This special issue of Comparative Education Review delves into the world of Islam and education, from medieval to contemporary times. The articles examine diverse forms of Islamic education, challenge misconceptions, and explore the intersection of Islamic and Western educational systems.
The four science education kits developed by Brookhaven Lab and WARD'S Natural Science focus on environmental chemistry, bioremediation, protein expression, and protein purification. Students can safely conduct experiments to learn about these concepts, replicating research from the lab.
The report suggests that coal liquefaction could satisfy the country's energy needs, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and costs. Global efforts to capture and sequester carbon dioxide could also mitigate environmental impacts.
A study published in NeuroImage found that alcohol selectively suppresses cognitive activity in the frontal and posterior parietal brain regions, leading to poor coordination. This suppression is due to impaired feedback processing in brain areas critical for updating mental models for motor action.
A new method by University at Buffalo engineers calculates the expected cost of managerial neglect in processes with variability, such as supply chains. The model can help managers justify investments for improvement and save up to 50% in costs over three years.