Articles tagged with Microglia
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found iron-laden microglia in specific brain regions of Alzheimer's patients, which could aid in earlier diagnosis and monitoring using advanced MRI techniques. The study suggests a new suspect for the disease, contradicting the long-held hypothesis that amyloid plaques are the primary cause.
Researchers found that microglia infiltrate the retina and create a cup-like structure over photoreceptors, accelerating their death. Inhibiting phagocytosis or targeting microglial activation may help preserve vision in retinitis pigmentosa.
Researchers found that male and female mice process pain using different cells, with female mice relying on T cells to sound the pain alarm. This discovery has far-reaching implications for developing targeted pain medications and highlights the need for more inclusive preclinical research.
A novel PET technique tracks microglial activation in response to endotoxin, shedding light on neuroinflammatory diseases like Alzheimer's and depression. The study's findings could lead to new drug treatments by targeting immune dysfunction.
A new study finds that carbon monoxide can help accelerate the natural process of clearing heme, a toxic component of red blood cells, and reduce neuronal injury in mice with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The study suggests that low amounts of CO may be used to treat patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms.
Researchers have identified a key role for microglia in the development of chronic pain, including hyperalgesia and allodynia. Microglia-to-neuron signaling is crucial for these effects, which could lead to new treatments for chronic pain.
A team of neuroscientists found that misfolded a-synuclein can activate microglia, leading to chronic inflammation. They also identified specific receptors on microglial cells that respond to the protein and tested drugs to reduce inflammation.
Researchers at UCSF discovered that immune cells in brain respond to fat in diet by causing mice to consume more food. The study found that a population explosion of microglia, a type of immune cell, in the hypothalamus region drives increased food intake.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine found that blocking a single molecule on microglia restored their function, reversing memory loss and other Alzheimer's-like features in mice. The study suggests that microglia play a crucial role in clearing A-beta protein clusters, which contribute to the disease's progression.
Recent studies have shown that microglia-conditioned culture medium supports OPCs' survival and enhances their differentiation. The role of microglia in remyelination is complex and varies depending on the timing of disease progression. Microglia/macrophage activation can lead to poor remyelination in MS plaques lacking microglia.
A common genetic defect affects neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's by impairing microglial waste removal. This leads to accumulation of toxic protein deposits, triggering inflammatory reactions that promote further nerve-cell loss.
Researchers found that immune cells in the central nervous system of elderly mice fail to activate an important signaling pathway, lowering chances for repair after spinal cord injury. In contrast, young adult mice showed a functional repair response.
Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates damage to cerebral cortex neurons by downregulating nitric oxide, superoxide, and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in hypoxia-activated microglia. The study suggests that ginsenoside Rb1 is a promising candidate for clinical use in preventing neuronal degeneration following cerebral ischemia.
A new study by Nationwide Children's Hospital researchers has identified a potential culprit in the death of motor neurons in Lou Gehrig's disease. Inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ƘB) in microglia slowed disease progression by 47 percent, suggesting a new target for ALS treatment.
Researchers discovered the mechanisms behind long-term depression, a cognitive impairment contributor to Alzheimer's disease. Chronic inflammation and hypoxia activate microglia, weakening neural connections.
Regular exercise and surgical removal of belly fat can improve cognition in obese, diabetic mice by reducing inflammation in the brain's hippocampus. Obesity and diabetes increase the risk of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers at European Molecular Biology Laboratory identify microglia cells as major players in brain wiring and behavior. Mice with fewer microglia display weaker connections between neurons and repetitive behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorders.
Researchers at Hebrew University find that chronic stress activates microglia cells, leading to depressive-like behavior and reduced neurogenesis. Blocking or stimulating microglia cells with specific drugs can reverse these effects, offering new avenues for antidepressant treatment.
A new study suggests that a head injury can lead to depressive complications years later due to an overactive immune response and inflammation. The research found that brain cells went on 'high alert' after the injury, affecting behavior and leading to symptoms that were linked to inflammation.
A team of researchers has discovered a mechanism that boosts the immune system and reduces brain tumor growth, paving the way for new treatment options. The study identified a commercially available drug, amphotericin B, as a potential novel treatment for patients with glioblastoma, a frequently lethal form of brain cancer.
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science have developed a system to investigate microglia functions, revealing their role in shaping neuronal networks and contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. The study uses a genetic switch to target microglia cells, shedding new light on their mechanisms of action.
A new sequencing method identified a set of genes used by microglia to sense their environment, called the 'sensome'. As aging increases, microglia's expression of neuroprotective genes becomes more active while toxic actions are downregulated. This discovery may lead to better understanding and treatments for neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers discovered a defect in microglia's internal recycling program, leading to faulty phagocytosis and accumulation of A-beta protein. This impairment may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease by allowing toxic substances to remain in the brain.
A study published in Neural Regeneration Research found that paeonol, a natural compound, attenuates inflammation-mediated neurotoxicity and microglial activation. This suggests that paeonol may be effective in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Researchers from LCSB have discovered that microglial cells in the brain produce itaconic acid, an endogenous antibiotic that prevents bacterial growth. This finding has implications for understanding Parkinson's disease and its connection to the immune system.
A study found that Peli1 promotes microglial activation and subsequent inflammatory response in the central nervous system, contributing to autoimmune inflammation. The protein's role in protecting against excessive inflammation was also discovered.
Researchers discovered a protective CD33 gene variant that enhances the brain's immune system to clear away toxic A-beta protein, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. This finding raises the possibility of using CD33 inhibitors as a potential new approach to treating and preventing Alzheimer's.
A NIH-funded study has discovered a potential strategy for treating Alzheimer's disease by blocking the activity of a little-known regulator protein called CD33. The study found that CD33 promotes late-onset Alzheimer's by preventing support cells from clearing out toxic plaques.
A study published in the journal Neuron reveals that a gene called CD33 contributes to Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting immune cells' ability to remove toxic molecules. Inactivation of CD33 has been shown to enhance microglia's clearance of beta-amyloid plaques, potentially reversing the disease's progression.
Researchers have identified a structure deviation in microglia cells, allowing for their visualization and behavior study. This breakthrough enables the monitoring of microglia function over time in rats and mice, with potential applications in studying Parkinson's disease and stroke.
Researchers have shed light on microglial cells in Alzheimer's patients, finding they lose two biological functions as the disease progresses. The study suggests beta-amyloid peptides trigger this process, and reversing microglial function could lead to treatments for the disease.
Researchers have discovered a key link between inflammation and Alzheimer's disease progression. The study suggests that drugs targeting IL-1 beta production may provide benefits for patients with Alzheimer's. The findings point to the possibility of developing new treatments by disrupting the production of this pro-inflammatory cytokine.
Researchers find that leakage of fibrinogen into the central nervous system activates immune cells called microglia, leading to nerve damage. Targeting the interaction between fibrinogen and microglia may be an effective alternative for treating multiple sclerosis.
Researchers found that monocytes, a type of immune cell in the blood, can rapidly repopulate the brain after microglia are removed. This discovery highlights a strong homeostatic mechanism to maintain resident immune cells and raises possibilities for delivering therapeutic agents into the diseased brain.
Scientists at Stanford University School of Medicine found that neural stem cells secrete substances that activate microglia, boosting their numbers and strength. This new understanding could improve brain function and lead to the development of therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes discover how a protein deficiency contributes to neurodegenerative disease frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Progranulin prevents microglia from becoming hyperactive, leading to inflammation that destroys neurons and causes debilitating symptoms.
Microglia, the brain's emergency workers, use a long-lasting glutamate-driven calcium wave to detect injuries, allowing them to trace the signal backwards until they reach the site of damage. This discovery could lead to new treatments for conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Researchers have shown that microglia in the brain target and remove unused connections between brain cells during normal development. The study highlights the newly found importance of the immune system in shaping brain wiring.
Researchers found that honokiol down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes in microglia via Klf4, a protein regulating DNA. Honokiol also reduces inflammation and neuronal death by targeting Klf4 and pNF-kb.
A bone marrow transplant has been shown to arrest severe symptoms of Rett syndrome, a devastating neurological disorder, by replacing faulty immune system cells. The procedure significantly extended the lifespan of Rett mouse models and improved their mobility, breathing, and overall health.
Research reveals microglia cells prune connections between neurons, shaping brain wiring. The discovery could help understand autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Researchers found that a steroid hormone called ADIOL moderates inflammation in the brain and may lead to new treatments for patients with neurodegenerative conditions. The discovery could also help predict risk or responses to drugs that mimic its actions.
Researchers found caspase enzymes control microglial activation, triggering inflammation and neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. Caspase inhibitors showed promise in reducing activated microglia and inflammation in mice.
Researchers found that a naturally present brain chemical signal, CX3CL1, can suppress microglial activation and reduce inflammation in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. This suggests that the communication between neurons and glial cells may play a role in neurodegeneration.
Microglia, immune cells long thought to be dormant, are found to constantly interact with synapses, creating and eliminating them. This discovery challenges current views of the brain and its functions.
Researchers discovered that microglia cells are constantly active and create and eliminate synapses, contributing to learning and memory. Microglia appear to be involved in creating or changing the extracellular space around synapses, affecting brain signaling.
A team of international scientists led by Dr Florent Ginhoux have uncovered the origins of microglia, white blood cells specific to the brain, revealing they derive from a particular structure in the mouse embryo. This understanding may lead to new strategies to manipulate microglia for treating various brain disorders.
A diet rich in luteolin reduces inflammation in the brain and related memory deficits. Luteolin improves cognitive health by acting on microglial cells to reduce inflammatory cytokine production.
Researchers have discovered a direct relationship between a psychiatric disorder and the immune system, specifically microglia cells derived from bone marrow. Bone marrow transplants cured mutant mice with compulsive hair-pulling behavior, suggesting potential new treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Research suggests that microglia, immune cells in the brain, play a significant role in neuron loss during Alzheimer's disease. Stressed nerve cells secrete chemical messengers that attract microglia, leading to inflammation and elimination of neurons.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic found that inflammation in the brain helps clear amyloid deposits, contradicting long-standing scientific belief. The study suggests that manipulating brain inflammation could be a potential therapeutic approach to treat Alzheimer's disease.
Scientists at Lund University successfully injected nanowires into rat brains, revealing that the brain's 'clean-up' cells (microglia) take care of the wires. After 12 weeks, only minor differences were observed between test and control groups.
Researchers discover that activating brain immune cells with IL-6 leads to clearance of amyloid plaques, suggesting a new therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease. This breakthrough discovery may lead to a treatment that removes these hallmark disease-causing structures from patients' brains.
Researchers discovered that glioma cells use microglia, the brain's immune cells, to grow and expand rapidly. By manipulating microglial cells' receptors, gliomas can clear the way for further growth.
Researchers studied microglial cells in mouse retina to understand their response to neurodegenerative processes. Their work may aid in the development of therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
Researchers found a direct link between smoking and brain damage due to NNK, a tobacco compound that provokes white blood cells to attack healthy brain cells. This can lead to neuroinflammation, conditions like Multiple Sclerosis. NNK is present in all forms of tobacco, also affecting second-hand smokers.
Researchers found that microglial cell degeneration contributes to loss of neurons and dementia, contradicting the popular neuro-inflammation theory. The study suggests that anti-inflammatory drugs may not be effective in fighting dementia.
A study by University of California, San Diego researchers identified a protein called Nurr1 that protects neurons from excessive inflammation, which can lead to neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease. The protein's protective function was found to involve shutting off inflammatory responses in microglia and astrocytes.
Researchers found that a gene called Nurr1 limits pro-inflammatory neurotoxic mediators in microglia and astrocytes, suggesting a link between inflammation and Parkinson's disease progression. The study may point to new avenues for therapy and anti-inflammatory treatments to combat the disease.
Scientists at Emory University School of Medicine have found a way to block the toxic effects of tPA, a life-saving clot-busting drug used in acute stroke treatment. By blocking LRP1, a molecule that transmits inflammation signals triggered by tPA, the researchers were able to soften the drug's impact on the brain.