Articles tagged with Neurons
Researchers investigated the impact of EGCG on Tau glycation and its effects on advanced glycation end products in neuroblastoma cells. EGCG was found to inhibit methyl glyoxal-induced Tau glycation and reduce advanced glycation end products formation, while also modulating the localization of AT100 phosphorylated Tau.
Researchers from UCPH discovered that a blockage in the pathway regulating nerve cell powerhouses, mitochondria, is the major cause of sporadic Parkinson's Disease. This dysregulation leads to accumulation of damaged mitochondria and neuronal death, resulting in dementia.
Scientists from University of Sussex have determined the structure of R2TP-TTT nanomachine, crucial for constructing mTORC1 - a complicated regulator of energy metabolism. The new findings were made possible by state-of-the-art cryo-electron microscopy, providing detailed images of protein arrangements and molecular interactions.
Researchers developed 'sci-Space,' a new approach to spatial transcriptomics, retaining single-cell resolution while resolving spatial context at larger scales. The technique was applied to developing mouse embryos, capturing spatial coordinates and whole transcriptomes of nearly 120,000 cells.
Researchers aim to understand neural pathways in Hydra vulgaris, a tiny animal with simple circuits, to create designer neural circuits. The goal is to program behaviors from scratch and develop self-healing 'biorobots' for various applications.
A new study reveals that inhibitory neurons increase signal transmission by targeting the weakest-responding neurons in the brain, enabling flexible information transfer. This discovery could help understand and treat disorders such as anxiety and attention deficit disorders.
A group of patients with neurological disease have been found to lack a critical cell process called autophagy. This discovery challenges the understanding that humans cannot survive if their cells completely fail to carry out autophagy, and may have important implications for research and therapies in neurodegeneration and cancer.
Researchers at Harvard University have created a comprehensive molecular atlas of the developing somatosensory cortex, providing insights into how gene activity and regulation change over time. The study sheds light on the complex process of cortical development, including when different neuron populations are established.
Flies use their antenna to smell ammonia, which helps them find food sources and navigate. A new type of odor receptor, Amt, has been identified that allows insects to detect ammonia, and could lead to effective ways to block it.
Researchers found a link between abnormal cellular stress and Huntington's disease, identifying stress granules as a pathological feature. The study also uncovered extracellular vesicles that may alter other cells' behavior and impact granule accumulation.
Researchers are exploring the mechanisms of CASK loss-of-function mutation associated epileptic encephalopathy. A new mouse model suggests that deleting the CASK gene impairs mitochondrial function and energy supply to the brain, potentially causing seizures.
A comprehensive study of COVID-19 brains found significant signs of inflammation and impaired brain circuits. The findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may trigger inflammatory responses throughout the body, leading to neuroinflammation in the brain.
Researchers discovered a brain mechanism that regulates whole-body glucose balance without altering body weight, indicating a promising therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. By modulating this mechanism, it may be possible to regulate blood sugar levels in obese individuals with diabetes without requiring weight loss.
A machine-learning algorithm can recognize virus-infected cells based on fluorescence of the cell nucleus, reliably identifying viruses and predicting severe acute infections. The algorithm has been trained with a large set of microscopy images and demonstrates 95% accuracy in detecting virulent infections up to 24 hours in advance.
Neurons in the mouse visual thalamus establish strong functional connections only with one retina, not with both, resolving contradictory results from previous studies. The dominant eye is determined by a clear selection of input, and non-dominant eye signals are weak or inactive.
Researchers have identified cyclic peptides from the butterfly pea plant as potential therapeutic solutions for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. The peptides protected neurons against β-amyloid toxicity and oxidative stress in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans.
Research finds that fruit flies use two distinct types of gustatory receptor neurons to discriminate between low and high concentrations of acid, explaining why many animals are attracted to slightly acidic foods but repulsed by highly acidic ones. A key protein, Otopetrin-like, plays a crucial role in attractive sour taste response.
Scientists at IBEC successfully controlled neuronal activity in the human brain using a light-responsive molecule named PAI. This breakthrough study demonstrates spatiotemporal control of brain state transitions, opening up new avenues for basic neuroscience research and potential brain therapies.
Researchers developed a graphene-based sensor to record real-time electrical activity of a beating heart, offering high sensitivity and parallel detection. The 'graphene camera' allows for imaging entire networks of cells simultaneously, enabling new studies on neural networks.
The Pew Charitable Trusts has funded 10 postdoctoral fellows from six Latin American countries to conduct research in the US, exploring topics such as molecular interactions and gut bacteria. The program aims to advance scientific knowledge and develop a robust biomedical research community in Latin America.
A new study from Arizona State University and MIT sheds light on how Alzheimer's disease manifests in patients, highlighting the link between toxic proteins, neurodegeneration, and glial cells. The analysis captures a detailed molecular profile of changes in protein levels and alterations in brain tissue.
The study identifies a correlation between the progression of Alzheimer's disease and nuclear aggregates in brain cells. The findings suggest that these aggregates have a function in manipulating gene expression and may be part of AD pathology.
Scientists have identified two brain areas involved in tracking uncertainty about unwelcome events, such as negative news. The anterior cingulate cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex were found to encode information about attitudes toward good and bad possibilities separately.
Researchers identified microglia as key cell type responsible for brain changes in OUD, revealing a critical role for neuroinflammation in driving pathological alterations. The study also uncovered new mechanisms by which opioids alter brain structure and function, leading to behavioral changes.
A new study reports that Elovanoids, a bioactive compound, block the virus that causes COVID-19 from entering cells and protect lung tissue. The researchers found that Elovanoids also triggered the production of protective proteins that counteract lung damage.
The NIH has launched the UNITE initiative to address structural racism in biomedicine, focusing on increasing diversity and inclusion. The initiative aims to tackle issues such as lack of representation from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, persistent disparities in grant success rates for Black scientists.
Researchers uncover how an RNA named NORAD drives a protein to form liquid droplets that tightly regulate its activity. This phenomenon, known as phase separation, protects against disease by preventing chromosomal abnormalities and promoting cellular homeostasis.
A new study by researchers at MIT's Picower Institute advances understanding of how a mammalian brain enables visual recognition memory. As novel patterns become familiar, the transition is marked by stark changes in the visual cortex, including a shift from gamma rhythms to lower frequency beta rhythms.
Researchers from the University of Liège have developed a Bistable Recurrent Cell (BRC) that enables recurrent networks to learn temporal relationships over 1000 time steps, surpassing classical methods' limitations. This breakthrough could improve AI's ability to process time-series data and predict future events.
Researchers found that neural replay of a newly learned skill occurred during waking rest periods, approximately 20 times faster than the actual behavior. Frequent replay events were associated with greater skill consolidation and improved performance.
Scientists discovered that the genome is organized like a library system, with liquid parts accessible and solid-like islands storing unused information. This organization relies on physics of different states of matter, providing new insights into disease mechanisms and potential treatments.
A new study led by Kumi Kuroda at RIKEN Center for Brain Science identified the calcitonin receptor as a crucial brain protein driving nurturing behaviors in mice. The research found that this protein motivates mothers to care for their infants, suppressing self-interest and risk-taking behaviors.
Researchers studied the brain activity of singing male and female plain-tailed wrens, discovering that they synchronize their duets by inhibiting the song-making regions of their partner's brain. This inhibition allows for a seemingly telepathic performance, with the birds becoming a single entity through sensory linkages.
Researchers at UCalgary have found that even low levels of Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure during pregnancy can impact brain development in mice, affecting circadian rhythms and behavior. The study adds to growing evidence on the harms of BPA and highlights the need for stricter safety guidelines.
A new study by University of Virginia researchers identifies the final step in cell division as crucial for proper brain growth and function. Understanding this process may lead to potential treatments for microcephaly, a birth defect affecting brain development.
Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in understanding how the production of antibodies is regulated in human cells, using cutting-edge technologies to sequence genes in individual cells. This knowledge could lead to enhanced antibody production in vaccines and treatments for diseases such as autoimmunity and allergy.
Physicists at DTU have developed a microscopic harvester controlled by AI, eliminating the need for chemical and mechanical processes. The technology can extract valuable substances directly from plant cells, reducing pollution and costs.
Researchers found that light exposure triggers the formation of brain tumors in genetically prone mice, which could help prevent similar tumors in children at high risk. The study suggests using cool sunglasses or repurposing drugs to block unwanted neuronal activity and reduce tumor growth.
Researchers at Duke University have developed a machine learning platform that can identify activated neurons in videos faster and more accurately than current techniques. The technology enables researchers to watch an animal's brain activity in real-time as they behave, allowing for new insights into how the brain works.
Researchers at EPFL discovered that bile acids can trigger satiety in the brain by activating specific receptors. Bile acids reach the brain shortly after a meal and suppress food intake by blocking appetite-stimulating signals. This study suggests a new role for bile acids in regulating eating behavior.
Researchers found that the defective Cullin 3 gene leads to increased levels of Plastin 3, causing neurons to migrate slower and accumulating in the cortex. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorder and may pave the way for therapeutic treatments.
Researchers have successfully catalogued the effect of individual genes on human neuron function and survival, revealing unexpected results. The team's findings suggest that switching off certain genes can lead to an increase in oxidative stress, which may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.
A study published in Nature Aging suggests that low oxygen levels in senile plaques reduce immune system's defensive capacity against Alzheimer's disease. Reduced oxygen supply also compromises microglial activity, leading to increased pathology associated with the disease.
Researchers have shown that microglia play a central role in maintaining normal brain function and can fail to do so, leading to serious brain disorders. This new understanding has the potential to develop better diagnostics and treatments for these diseases.
Researchers have successfully grown sesame-seed-sized heart models using human pluripotent stem cells, which spontaneously self-organize into a hollow chamber without experimental scaffolds. The cardioids' wall-like tissue contracts rhythmically to squeeze liquid around the inside cavity, mimicking natural development.
A new study suggests that DJ-1 protein, which protects against free radicals inside cells, worsens inflammation outside the cell, leading to exacerbated pathologies in ischemic stroke. The researchers identified DJ-1 as a previously unknown inflammatogenic DAMP that may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
A new cognitive construct called 'decision acuity' was identified as a stable factor underlying diverse decision-making abilities in adolescents and young adults. Decision acuity was linked to factors such as fast learning, reward sensitivity, and low propensity for retaliation, and predicted performance in decision-making tasks.
Researchers discovered that a population of regulatory T cells serve as tissue repair engineers to promote functional recovery after stroke. Boosting these cells improved behavioral and cognitive functions in mice for weeks after a stroke, pointing to potential immunotherapy.
Case Western Reserve researchers have identified a potential new approach to controlling epileptic seizures by stabilizing the sodium channel through neddylation. This finding, published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation, offers hope for future research and potential drug development to prevent epilepsy.
Academic institutions must improve support for disabled faculty members, including those with visible and invisible disabilities. The commentary highlights the challenges created by high demands for grant money and frequent research publications, which can lead to reduced funding and staff retention.
Researchers at the University of Oregon have discovered a cell division machinery in fruit flies that produces brain cells, revealing a mechanical cycle involved in differentiation. The study provides insights into brain development and potential regenerative therapies for injuries.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine counted brain cells in fruit flies and three mosquito species, revealing an average of 200,000 neurons. This estimate likely represents a baseline number of brain cells required for complex behaviors. The study provides insight into the intricate processing capabilities of these insects.
Scientists at Gladstone Institutes create an artificial intelligence system that can follow hundreds of cells in a petri dish, revealing key findings on cell behavior and leadership patterns. The AI approach provides a comprehensive view of how cells cooperate and form complex organs, with potential applications for therapeutic purposes.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have discovered that sevoflurane can cause tau to leave neurons and enter microglia, stimulating inflammation and cognitive impairment. The study suggests that inhibiting tau phosphorylation or extracellular vesicle generation could prevent this tau spreading.
Researchers used advanced imaging technology to film Zebrafish brains while they were alive, revealing that the activation of stem cells responsible for generating neurons is not random, but rather coordinated. This finding has important implications for understanding brain development and may lead to new treatments for neurodegenerati...
Researchers will investigate potential mechanisms using mouse models and systems biology approach to identify new drug targets for Alzheimer's disease. The study aims to understand how altered mitochondrial calcium transport contributes to neurodegeneration and disease progression.
Rice University neurobiologist Rosa Uribe wins $2 million NIH grant to study enteric nervous system development in zebrafish embryos. The 5-year study aims to decipher the mechanisms of neural crest cell transformation into neurons and other cell types.
A joint research group found a previously unknown cell type in the adrenal glands that might be the origin of neuroblastoma tumour cells. This discovery could provide a basis for effective treatments.
Researchers found that calcium ions trigger the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of necrotic cells, activating an enzyme that promotes their clearance. This process is crucial for maintaining body health and preventing tissue damage caused by unremoved dead cells.
Researchers have mapped the genetic profile of osteocytes, a type of bone cell that controls skeleton growth and decay. The study identifies novel genes associated with rare and common skeletal diseases, paving the way for new treatments and improved diagnosis.