Articles tagged with Anatomy
Researchers studied the anatomy of mudskippers to understand their adaptations to life on land. They found that the fish's muscles in the pectoral fins are bigger and that some bone-connecting tendons were replaced by fascia tissue, providing stability and strength for walking.
A newly discovered fossil, Gaiasia jennyae, reveals a giant salamander-like creature that was a top predator in the ice age before dinosaurs. The creature's unique features, including its toilet seat-shaped head and interlocking jaws, suggest it was an ambush predator.
The e-COL+ project aims to capture and reconstruct France's natural history collections in 3D, covering nearly 6% of the world's total natural specimens. The project will provide modern equipment, create a comprehensive dataset of 3D models, and build AI tools to improve model reconstruction.
Researchers have identified a novel target downstream of parathyroid hormone signaling that suppresses bone formation. Gprc5a negatively regulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by partially suppressing BMP signaling, potentially increasing teriparatide effectiveness in non-responding patients.
Researchers found cyclin D1 expression in patients with penile cancer (PC) is associated with clinical and histopathological features. Patients with cyclin D1 expression had lower disease-free survival compared to the cyclin D1-negative group.
Researchers discovered lemurs possess an additional pair of vocal folds, which they believe is responsible for enriching their vocal repertoire and allowing them to exaggerate their size. This adaptation may have provided a selective advantage in competition for territory or mates.
A new reconstruction of the 375-million-year-old fossil fish Tiktaalik reveals that its ribs likely attached to its pelvis, enabling support of the body and potentially leading to the evolution of walking. This discovery provides insights into the major evolutionary transition from fish to four-limbed vertebrates.
Researchers have solved the long-standing question of what triggers the alarm response in fish by identifying two distinct chemical signals: Daniol sulphate and Ostariopterin. These substances convey separate pieces of information that must be detected simultaneously to trigger a flight-or-freeze response.
Researchers from Pusan National University discovered a link between diabetes and periodontitis, showing pro-inflammatory cytokines rise in classical monocytes. The study highlights the systemic impact of these conditions on immune regulation and suggests a potential therapeutic target to reduce diabetes risk.
Scientists discovered a common trait among flying birds, including the number of primary feathers, to determine their evolutionary history. The finding provides clues about dinosaur flight and may inform debates on its origins.
A study found that migratory bats are sensitive to the angle of magnetic inclination and use it for navigation. The soprano pipistrelle bat species calibrated its internal compass at sunset, taking into account both the horizontal component and inclination of the Earth's magnetic field.
Researchers studied over 100 noctilionoid bat species, finding that different dietary types drove modifications in tooth number, size, shape, and position. For instance, fruit-eating bats have shorter jaws with reduced middle premolars, while nectar-feeders have longer jaws with room for more teeth.
Researchers from Binghamton University found that collagen fibers in skin become more tightly packed together, leading to increased stiffness and tissue hardness. This study sheds light on the biological mechanisms behind sun-induced skin changes.
Researchers updated their protein localization prediction model, MULocDeep, to provide more targeted predictions for biological discoveries. The tool helps researchers design more effective experiments and advance scientific discoveries related to drug development and treating diseases like epilepsy.
A new study found that marathon running causes significant damage to extrinsic foot muscles, while intrinsic muscles are less affected. The research suggests that marathon runners can take steps to prevent injuries by prioritizing recovery and muscle fatigue management.
Researchers mapped every thalamic synapse on 15 neurons in layer 2/3 of the visual cortex in mice and found that despite being weak and sparse, they are reliable and efficient representatives of information. The diversity of thalamic inputs underlies these advantages, allowing a small population of neurons to assemble the overall picture.
Great gray owls have a broad disc-like face that acts as radar to find food, while their facial features help correct for sonic distortions caused by snow. The owls' ability to hover above prey allows them to pinpoint location and avoid acoustic mirages created by the snow.
Researchers discovered a unique anatomical design in octopus nerve cords that connects arms symmetrically, providing new insights into alternative nervous system structures. This discovery may aid in the development of new engineered technologies, such as robots and autonomous underwater devices.
A new study reveals how cane toads (Rhinella marina) consume prey by using a complex pulley system of cartilage and muscle. The mechanism involves the hyoid plate, which is attached to muscles and loops like a marionette, pulling food backward into the throat.
Researchers found that mice from western sides of mountains in Patagonia were bigger due to increased food availability caused by higher rainfall. This discovery supports the rain shadow effect hypothesis, which suggests that precipitation patterns can impact mammal size.
Researchers at the Florida Museum of Natural History found that frog forelimbs are not just for jumping, but also for fighting and grasping mates during reproduction. The fused radius and ulna bones provide strength and weight reduction, while also increasing stress on the tendon connecting to the bone.
A national study by UC San Francisco found that basic home blood pressure cuffs and smartphone-connected devices have no significant difference in improving blood pressure control. After six months, patients who used basic cuffs had a lower blood pressure reduction compared to those using Bluetooth-enabled devices.
A recent study published in PLOS Global Public Health found a correlation between perceived stress and hair cortisol concentration in Mexican and Icelandic women. The research suggests that cortisol levels, often associated with stress, can be detected in an individual's hair.
A new study found evidence that multituberculates, an extinct group of mammals, likely reproduced in a placental-like manner. This discovery questions the long-held idea that marsupials were less advanced than placentals in terms of reproductive strategy.
Researchers from Tianjin Medical University General Hospital review sarcopenic obesity's impact on liver disease, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cirrhosis. The study aims to clarify the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity and identify potential therapeutic avenues.
A recent review article highlights the crucial role of macrophages in the progression from acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study suggests that targeting specific signaling pathways and altering macrophage activation can prevent renal fibrosis and CKD. Therapeutic strategies such as clodronate liposomes an...
A newly discovered brain circuit facilitates focusing attention on salient features in the environment by heightening activity in specific microcircuits of the hippocampus. This circuit may play a role in executive functions and cognitive issues like dementia, ADHD, and psychiatric disorders.
Researchers at Binghamton University have discovered that human skin's unique structure allows it to maximize both durability and flexibility. The team created artificial skin membranes that mimicked the structure of mammalian skin, testing their puncture toughness and deformability.
Researchers developed a disposable electrochemical sensor using graphite-based molecularly imprinted polymers to detect theophylline levels. The sensor can identify low concentrations of theophylline (2.5 μg/mL) in whole blood within 3 seconds, enabling real-time monitoring and potential overdose prevention.
A study by Tokyo University of Science researchers has demonstrated that a computationally-light model can simulate complex brain cell responses, including periodic and quasi-periodic responses. The Izhikevich neuron model was found to be capable of reproducing both types of responses at lower computational cost.
A study reveals that Alzheimer's patients experience lethargy due to the degeneration of neurons that keep them awake, not a lack of sleep. Researchers developed a hypothesis that these patients have trouble staying awake and are testing a treatment approach to shut down the system keeping them awake.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have discovered a new type of cell in the human lung with regenerative properties. The cells, called respiratory airway secretory cells (RASCs), line tiny airway branches and can regenerate other cells essential for alveoli functioning.
Researchers at Kobe University discover that immobilization induces loss of muscle mass by disrupting calcium levels and triggering the KLF15-IL-6 pathway. This finding may lead to the development of a treatment for muscle loss, known as sarcopenia, which affects aging societies.
Researchers at the University of Ottawa developed a spray-on technology using customized nanogold and peptides that can restore heart function and electrical conductivity in damaged hearts. The therapy showed promising results in lab mice, with no off-target organ infiltration by tiny gold particles.
Complimentary press passes are available for the EB 2022 meeting, featuring cutting-edge research and live scientific sessions. The event will also offer virtual access to press materials.
Scientists developed a breakthrough fabrication process for microneedle arrays capable of administering protein-based drugs without damaging the skin. The microneedles offer several advantages, including being painless and easy to dispose of.
Researchers have identified specific skin microbiome bacteria and their pathways as contributing to ageing skin. The study, published in PLOS ONE, used a novel approach to chart host-microbe co-metabolism in skin aging.
A team of researchers from Japan has developed a platform using nanofibers to capture and control the migration of brain tumor cells, including glioblastoma multiforme. The study found that varying fiber densities can slow or speed up cell movement, leading to the creation of 'cell traps' that can restrict tumor cell growth.
A team from The University of Tsukuba used microscopy techniques to analyze the microstructure of the ground beetle's wing casing, revealing a unique helical structure that creates optical effects. This finding has significant implications for the development of new biomimetic materials with enhanced performance.
Researchers at University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory found that primate neurons receive two to five times fewer excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connections than similar mouse neurons. The study suggests that metabolic costs may drive larger neural networks to be sparser, as seen in primates versus mouse neurons.
Researchers discovered three phases of growth that explain how cetaceans shift their nasal passage from a parallel to an angled orientation. This finding provides insight into the developmental process and could inform our understanding of cetacean evolution.
The Medical University of Vienna has received the original drawings and materials of the famous Pernkopf Atlas of Anatomy from Elsevier, along with funding for digitization and cataloguing. The donation supports historical reappraisal of the atlas's creation, which used models from executed victims of Nazi justice.
A new article proposes a scale-adaptive auto-context-guided fetal US segmentation framework with structured random forests, improving the accuracy of fetal biometric measurements. The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of segmentation accuracy for fetal head circumference and abdominal circumference.
A recent study by Virginia Tech researchers found that individuals perceive fonts to have political attributes, with serif fonts viewed as more conservative and sans-serif fonts leaning liberal. The study suggests that font choices can convey ideology through letterforms, with implications for political campaign professionals.
Researchers discovered a hidden caricature of Michelangelo in a sketch of Vittoria Colonna, which may help analyze the artist's physical appearance at the time. The self-portrait, leaning forward at an acute angle, is believed to have served as a signature by Michelangelo.
Researchers have discovered that planarian fission occurs in three stages: waist formation, pulsation, and rupture. This process is crucial for the regeneration of missing structures, allowing flatworms to reproduce asexually and potentially giving rise to diversity in populations.
The American Association of Anatomists has awarded three young investigators for groundbreaking research in cell biology, comparative neuroanatomy, and developmental biology. Maria Barna, Gloria Brar, and Shigeki Watanabe have made significant contributions to biomedical science through their research.
A study published in JAMA Surgery found that nearly one-third of gunshot wounds in Cook County, Illinois were treated outside designated trauma centers. The majority of these undertriaged cases were located in certain neighborhoods on the west side of Chicago and southern parts of Cook County.
Researchers have discovered three new species of the enigmatic genus Thorius, which are the smallest tailed tetrapods, with populations declining precipitously over the last 30-35 years. The findings highlight the large number of amphibian species that remain to be discovered and formally described before they are lost.
A new analysis suggests Michelangelo concealed female anatomy symbols in the Sistine Chapel ceiling. This discovery provides valuable context for understanding the historical connection between art and human anatomy.
The American Association of Anatomists has established a new funding mechanism, the Fellows Grant Award Program, with $750,000 in annual awards. Established investigators and young researchers can apply for $25,000 grants to support research proposals submitted to major funding agencies.
Researchers found mathematical evidence that Michelangelo used the Golden Ratio in 'The Creation of Adam'. The ratio, 1.6, enhances structural efficiency and beauty in art.
A recent study published in Mass Communication & Society found that TV viewing can lead to increased concern about personal health and reduce satisfaction with life. People who watch more TV are more likely to believe they are at risk for health problems, even if the shows are fictional, and may become disillusioned with life as a result.
A new study found that Major League pitchers are 34% more likely to be injured than fielders, with most injuries occurring before the All-Star break. The study analyzed data from 2002-2008 and found that pitchers suffered from a higher proportion of upper extremity injuries.
A new study published in Pain found that patients' attitudes and beliefs about chronic lower-back pain significantly affect their disability levels. The study highlights the importance of health literacy in managing CLBP, with individuals with high disability citing anatomical reasons for their pain experience.
A new study found that keeping serving dishes off the table can lead to a reduction in food consumption, with participants eating 20% fewer calories. The strategy can also be used to encourage healthier food choices, such as choosing fruits and vegetables over processed snacks.
The biomagnetic technique assesses esophageal transit time using a non-invasive method that avoids ionizing radiation. The study found that ETT is affected by anatomical position, with faster rates in the supine position.
The IADR has reinstated the Isaac Schour Memorial Award, a prestigious award that recognizes outstanding scientific contributions in anatomic sciences. The award will be funded at the same level as other IADR Distinguished Scientist Awards and will consist of a $2,000 prize and a plaque.
Dr. Yoshiro Takano has been recognized for his contributions to biological mineralization, including work on calcium transport in the enamel organ.