Articles tagged with Animal Anatomy
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Researchers at Virginia Tech are analyzing insects to develop better artificial tissues and organs. They're studying the internal fluid flows of beetles, grasshoppers, and silk moths to gain insights into efficient respiratory and circulatory systems.
Scientists have identified a genetic link in reptile hearts that sheds light on the evolution of the four-chambered heart. The study reveals that the transcription factor Tbx5 plays a crucial role in forming the heart, with warm-blooded embryos showing clear restriction to the left side of the ventricle.
Gladstone scientists have found the first genetic link between reptile and human heart evolution, linking protein Tbx5 to the development of four-chambered hearts in turtles and humans. The study sheds light on the evolution of warm-bloodedness and provides insights into congenital heart disease.
A growth factor called neuregulin1 can spur heart-muscle growth and recovery of cardiac function when injected systemically into animals after a heart attack. Researchers were able to restart the cell cycle with NRG1, stimulating cardiomyocytes to divide and make copies of themselves - even though they are not stem cells.
Researchers studied 35 ancient tetrapods to understand anatomical changes during the transition from fish to amphibians. They found that bones changed size at different rates, resulting in reshaping of body shape over time. This study supports the idea that modern amphibians evolved through paedomorphosis and miniaturization.
Exposure to low-dose BPA and estrogen increases arrhythmias in female rats and mice, a new study found. The results suggest a possible risk for female heart health due to increased levels of estrogens in the body and exposure to environmental estrogen BPA.
A North Carolina State University-developed machine allows researchers to test and refine technologies in a realistic surgical environment, saving time and money. The 'dynamic heart system' enables researchers to conduct 'proof of concept' evaluations before testing on live animals, making the development process more efficient.
Researchers have identified three genetic factors that can turn non-muscle cells into beating heart cells, providing a significant breakthrough in understanding how to repair damaged hearts. The discovery could lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches using stem cells.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that the protein Thymosin beta-4 initiates migration of heart cells and blood vessel growth after a heart attack, encouraging new growth and repair of damaged heart cells. The molecule affects developmental gene expression as early as 24 hours after systemic injection.
Researchers found that cigarette smoke exposure in rats leads to significant changes in the left ventricle's shape and increased levels of activated enzymes. Norepinephrine levels also rise in response to cigarette smoke, suggesting a link between stress hormone release and cardiovascular damage.
A multidisciplinary research team discovers that the absence of the ERK2 gene is linked to birth defects affecting heart and head development. The study reveals a critical conserved role for ERK2 signaling in neural crest development, shedding light on how developmental errors occur.
Researchers have identified a single microRNA, miR-138, critical to the development of heart chambers in zebrafish. This discovery may provide new approaches for treating congenital heart defects. The study showed that miR-138 regulates numerous gene functions and is required during a specific developmental window.
Researchers demonstrate that female mice with damaged heart cells can still fully function at birth thanks to the proliferation of healthy cells. However, some mice develop heart problems later in life, highlighting the need for further investigation into the gene's influence on adult hearts.
The study identifies GATA4 and GATA6 as crucial proteins controlling heart cell formation. Without these proteins, embryonic stem cells fail to develop normal hearts. The findings have significant implications for the production of heart cells from stem cells and may help unravel the mechanisms behind congenital heart disease.
Researchers at the University of California - San Diego have found that parent cells involved in embryonic development can generate three important types of cells with potential for cardiac repair. The study suggests that restoring the ability of adult epicardial cells to generate cardiomyocytes may enhance their future potential for c...
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have identified a crucial signaling protein Gi that protects the heart during a heart attack. Blocking this protein increases heart damage in genetically engineered mice experiencing heart attacks.
A recent study published in the Journal of Nuclear Cardiology found significant differences in diagnostic performance among commercial software packages used for cardiac SPECT imaging. The collaborative research project aims to standardize cardiac-image analyses, enhancing medical outcomes and technology effectiveness.
Scientists are studying the mechanics of brain folding in higher mammals to better understand its relationship with cognitive ability and neurological diseases. They have found that tension in axons may play a key role in driving this process, which could lead to new insights into conditions such as schizophrenia and autism.
Fossils from Russia demonstrate that advanced hearing evolved much earlier than previously thought, around 260 million years ago. These early reptiles possessed a surprisingly modern ear with a large eardrum and bone structures similar to those found in modern animals.
Scientists from PLOS Biology overturned the previously held belief that pterosaurs fed by skimming, revealing that drag forces would have imposed too great an energetic cost. The findings suggest that even smaller pterosaurs lacked necessary adaptations for skim-feeding, explaining its rarity in modern birds.
A study of female waterfowl reproductive tracts reveals two unexpected structures that may be designed to selectively exclude the male phallus. The findings suggest a dynamic co-evolution between male and female genitalia in response to sperm competition and forced copulations.
A new study found significant sex differences in cardiac performance and metabolism in rainbow trout. Female trout prefer carbohydrates and tolerate lower oxygen levels better than males. The study also revealed distinct layer structures in the ventricle, with males having a larger epicardium-to-endocardium ratio.
A collaborative study by Sanford Burnham Prebys and UC San Diego found that mutations in a molecular channel in fly hearts caused arrhythmias similar to those found in humans. The researchers believe that understanding the regulation of this channel could lead to new treatments for age-related heart disease.
A type of stem cell has been identified that gives rise to both myocardial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, challenging previous notions of how the heart develops. This discovery could lead to the development of new treatments for congenital heart defects and damage caused by heart attacks.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital developed a two-drug treatment that rescues heart function after a heart attack by promoting blood vessel growth and cell division. The study shows improved heart function and reduced scarring in rats treated with the combination of agents.
Researchers discovered that Ets1/2 transcription factor controls early heart formation in the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis. The signaling molecule FGF also plays a crucial role in this process.
A team of scientists has revealed detailed images of embryos over 500 million years old, shedding light on the evolutionary changes of the penis worm. The study uses synchrotron-radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy to reconstruct internal anatomy and reveals unique patterns in embryonic development.
Researchers identified a group of gene mutations that cause 'broken hearts' in fruit flies, which could help identify genes responsible for human heart defects. The study found that mutations in enzymes involved in lipid synthesis play a crucial role in heart formation.
Study reveals rats' hearts can withstand severe hypothermia with minimal oxygen loss, highlighting the importance of continued CPR efforts. However, prolonged exposure leads to fatal heart failure upon rewarming, suggesting improved cardiac output as a key factor in survival.
Researchers found that pretreatment with rapamycin induces a protective effect against heart attack injury by maintaining ATP levels in heart cells. The study suggests that rapamycin may be beneficial as a potential therapeutic strategy to limit cell death and prevent long-term heart damage.
A large randomized trial found no evidence of strong protective effect of fish oil on ventricular arrhythmia in patients with ICDs. Event-free survival did not substantially improve in the fish oil group, contrary to previous studies.
A study of nearly 17,700 male physicians found that fish consumption was associated with a lower risk of sudden cardiac death, but not necessarily atrial fibrillation. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may also have mixed effects on heart health, depending on individual factors.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison reveal how evolution occurs at a fine level of detail, explaining molecular mechanisms behind animal adaptations. They show how fruit fly wing spots, which are driven by female preferences, can be gained and lost independently in different species.,
Researchers genetically engineered mice whose hearts glow with a green light, shedding light on heart development. The study reveals the presence of specialized cells that delay beating between heart chambers, improving understanding of irregular heartbeats and basic physiology.
A study by CU-Boulder researchers found that male mice with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy developed enlarged hearts and heart failure on a soy diet, but not female mice. The team hypothesized that plant-based estrogens in the soy diet triggered biochemical reactions leading to programmed cell death in the heart.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine successfully used a 3D map of the heart to perform cardiac ablation, eliminating the need for radiation exposure and improving patient safety. The technique used sensor-guided catheter and electro-anatomic mapping to precisely target diseased heart tissue.
Researchers have developed a new approach to cardiac resynchronization therapy that uses a minimally invasive method to place pacing leads. The technique, which involves puncturing the heart's pericardium to insert the lead, shows promise in improving treatment outcomes for patients with heart failure.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have successfully treated heart attacks in animals using adult mesenchymal stem cells. The goal is to develop a widely applicable treatment to repair and reverse heart muscle damage caused by infarction.
Researchers enrolled 200 patients who had suffered from recent episodes of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation and found that fish oil supplements increased the risk of life-threatening heart rhythms. The study suggests that patients with implanted defibrillators should avoid fish oil supplements.
Research found that prenatal cocaine exposure increases heart vulnerability to ischaemia/reperfusion injury in late adult life, with male hearts being more susceptible. Fetal programming by cocaine abuse and hypoxia also contribute to lifelong cardiovascular consequences.
Researchers identified the EYA4 gene as the cause of dilated cardiomyopathy preceded by sensorineural hearing loss. The mutant protein compromises cardiac function by reducing its presence in the nucleus, leading to dramatic heart failure and pumping velocity reduction.
The study identifies a protein called ASF/SF2 as a regulator of calcium enzyme responsible for heart contraction and tissue growth. The researchers found differences in male versus female mice, with males experiencing greater disease and dying earlier.
In an animal study, stem cells from human umbilical cord blood significantly reduced the size of heart damage and restored pumping function to near normal after a heart attack. The researchers suggest that these stem cells could be a new treatment for limiting or repairing heart muscle damaged by a heart attack.
A new study by the American Medical Association links ephedrine to unheralded sudden cardiac death in individuals with asymptomatic heart disease. The study found that ephedrine can cause a potentially lethal arrhythmia when combined with a heart blockage, increasing the risk of fatal outcomes.
Penn researchers successfully inactivated the Foxp4 binding protein, allowing bilateral cardiac primordia to fuse into single tubes. This resulted in four-chambered hearts developing with most aspects of advanced heart development, challenging current understanding of congenital heart disease.
Researchers have developed a novel gene therapy that combines a therapeutic gene with a genetic sensor to protect the heart from damage caused by reduced blood flow. The therapy, which was tested in rats, showed a significant reduction in tissue death and damage compared to untreated animals.
Callimico monkeys eat fungi during the dry season, a trait shared by no other tropical primate species. They also exhibit a different reproductive strategy than other small New World monkeys, giving birth to single offspring twice annually.
Research suggests that sloths expel larger particles more efficiently than expected, potentially due to unique digestive adaptations. This study challenges the conventional wisdom on sloth behavior and highlights the importance of considering the interplay between resting posture, digestive anatomy, and ingesta characteristics.
A recent Stanford Medicine study shows that an automatic CPR device, AutoPulse, can restore blood flow and pressure more effectively than manual compressions. The device restored blood flow and returned hearts to normal condition in 73% of treated animals.
Researchers have found that adult rat hearts contain cardiac progenitor cells capable of repairing damaged tissue. The study, published in Cell, used these cells to regenerate new myocytes and other functional cells in ischemic hearts.
Research shows that omega-3 fish oils stored in heart cells can prevent sudden cardiac death and fatal arrhythmias. Studies found a 29% reduction in deaths among men who ate fish at least twice a week, attributed to fewer fatal arrhythmias.
Researchers found that desflurane improved neurologic outcomes in piglets undergoing low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass, reducing brain injury and abnormal heart rhythms. The study suggests desflurane may protect the brain and nervous system during heart surgery, improving quality of life for survivors.
The study reveals that female mice develop cardiac hypertrophy when estrogen is blocked, mimicking human conditions. The discovery could lead to a better understanding of the molecular signals causing heart enlargement and potential ways to prevent or reverse it.
Researchers argue that sauropods, like Barosaurus, required a horizontal neck to function on land due to heart size and metabolic rates. This finding contradicts the common depiction of long-necked dinosaurs raising their heads to browse from trees.
Researchers have discovered a dinosaur fossil with a four-chambered heart, similar to those of birds and mammals. The discovery suggests that the dinosaur was warm-blooded, with a high metabolism, and may have had a more complex circulatory system than previously thought.
A team of scientists has discovered a 66-million-year-old Thescelosaurus with a complete fossilized heart, suggesting the dinosaur's circulatory system was more advanced than that of reptiles. The finding supports the hypothesis that dinosaurs were warm-blooded and could have had metabolic rates higher than typical reptiles.
Researchers at Kanagawa University have invented a technique to store human organs for up to 10 days using the natural preservative trehalose. The method involves flushing organs with trehalose solution and storing them in silica gel, allowing for longer-term preservation without significant tissue damage.
Researchers at Duke University have found that transplanted skeletal muscle cells can mimic heart muscle, significantly boosting the ability of damaged hearts to contract. The therapy has the potential to augment current treatments and prevent further damage.