Articles tagged with Brain
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study published in Neurology found that eating at least one serving of green, leafy vegetables a day was linked to a slower rate of decline on tests of memory and thinking skills. The difference was equivalent to being 11 years younger in age.
A clinical trial found that implanting a shunt or endoscopically reducing intracranial pressure is equally effective in treating hydrocephalus, but endoscopy may have fewer long-term complications. The study also found that children with normal brain development had better outcomes.
A new study reveals that inflammatory mechanisms in the brain drive Alzheimer's disease progression. The research found a molecular complex of the immune system promotes aberrant aggregation of proteins, including Amyloid-beta, which accumulates in the brain and harms neurons.
A new study by Hebrew University researcher Ran Hassin reveals that our unconscious mind quickly registers faces associated with power and potential threat, while ignoring those deemed trustworthy. The findings have implications for understanding mental disorders such as autism and PTSD.
The project investigates the camel's ability to conserve water in a desert environment, using a molecular dialogue between the brain and kidney. By analyzing the camel's genome and gene expression, researchers aim to understand how animals adapt to deserts and climate change.
A University of Pittsburgh team is developing prosthetic devices that use sensory feedback to improve movement and balance in amputees. The researchers aim to reduce phantom limb pain, increase gait stability, and make prosthetic limbs feel more natural.
A team of researchers has developed a cryptography-inspired technique to decode brain data, predicting arm movements in monkeys with unprecedented accuracy. This approach could lead to the creation of prosthetic limbs that can directly interpret user thoughts, revolutionizing quality-of-life for individuals with paralysis.
A researcher at Case Western Reserve University is investigating the link between abnormal embryonic brain development and autism. The study aims to understand how cell-signaling defects lead to excessive early brain-cell growth and enlarged neonatal brains, resulting in long-term alterations in brain circuitry.
A meta-analysis of 15 years of research on action video games found that gamers showed significant improvements in cognitive abilities compared to non-gamers. The study suggests that playing action video games can train the brain and improve attention, spatial cognition, and reaction time.
A study found that young adults rely on food increasing neurotransmitter precursors like meat for a mood boost, while mature adults require antioxidant-rich foods and avoidance of stress-activating foods to maintain good mental health. Regular consumption of these specific foods can help prevent mental distress.
A new study from Stockholm University shows that the parasite Toxoplasma gondii takes control of immune cells, turning them into 'zombies' that spread the infection. This allows the parasite to infect the brain, which may be linked to mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and depression.
A Dartmouth-led study found that humans rely on feature-based learning to reduce the complexity of choices and adapt quickly to new environments. Feature-based learning allows participants to selectively learn informative features without compromising precision.
Researchers found that a brief test can predict which patients will respond better to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or antidepressant medication. Participants with enhanced error-related negativity (ERN) signals in their brain responded better to CBT, suggesting it may be more effective for them.
A new study examines how opioids affect proteins in the brain beyond opioid receptors, revealing potential analgesic and toxic effects. The researchers found that certain synthetic opioids inhibit serotonin transporters, which may contribute to their pain-relieving properties but also increase the risk of serotonin syndrome.
Researchers identified a compound targeting APOE protein in mouse brains, reducing amyloid beta plaques and neurological damage. The findings suggest APOE could be a potential target for treatment or prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
A recent review found a link between morning sickness, smoking, and healthy pregnancies, suggesting that impaired endokinin activity may be involved in poor placental implantation. Smoking during pregnancy is known to lead to negative outcomes, while morning sickness symptoms may be caused by overspill of endokinin levels in the brain.
A recent study found that certain brain changes following limb amputation in children can be reversed through bilateral hand transplantation. The lead author suggests that the brain preserves functional areas and reactivates them upon recovery of the hands.
A multidisciplinary team at IUPUI is developing and testing compounds for potential treatment of hydrocephalus. They have identified a strong candidate compound that shows promise in preclinical evaluations.
A study published in The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health found that prolonged convulsive seizures in childhood can lead to lasting neurological conditions, including epilepsy, learning disabilities, and movement problems. Children with pre-existing neurological issues were more likely to experience chronic problems after a seizure.
Researchers created 3D mini brains using bioengineered 'asteroids' to study neural connections and accelerate disease research. The model allows for rapid screening of drugs and analysis of mutations, paving the way for potential treatments and clinical trials to improve or regenerate impaired nervous systems.
A study found a positive relationship between working memory and healthy traits like physical endurance and cognitive function. Traits associated with suboptimal cardiovascular health, smoking, and binge drinking were linked to less cohesive brain networks.
Researchers from Aarhus University discovered that patients with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder (RBD) lack dopamine and experience brain inflammation, which may lead to Parkinson's disease. This study provides new insights into the early stages of Parkinson's disease development.
Researchers at Lobachevsky University are creating a neurochip that can transmit signals to healthy brain cells, potentially replacing damaged areas. The team aims to develop an artificial neural network of 100 nerve cells within three years.
A brain imaging study reveals that musical training sharpens and bonds ears and tongue to hear speech better by enhancing neural foundation in bottom-up auditory encoding, top-down speech motoric prediction, and cross-modal auditory-motor integration.
Researchers studied brain activity of patients with PTSD using EEG tests and found enhanced responses to deviant tones, correlating with poorer cognitive performance on memory tests. This study may lead to the development of a new neurobiological marker for PTSD diagnosis and assessment of treatment outcomes.
New research suggests that stressed newborns may not display typical pain behavior despite increased brain activity in response to pain. The study found a disconnect between brain wave patterns and behavioral responses in stressed babies, highlighting the need for alternative methods to assess infant pain.
A new study found that stressed newborn babies exhibit a heightened brain response to pain, but their behavior remains unaffected. This dissociation between brain activity and behavior has implications for pain assessment in infants.
Researchers investigate pretreatment with etanercept to manage post-treatment inflammation in neurocysticercosis, a major cause of epilepsy worldwide. Etanercept suppresses inflammatory pathways involved in treatment-induced inflammation.
The NIH has awarded the Center for BrainHealth $2.5 million to examine cannabis use disorders and understand brain mechanisms behind problems related to cannabis use. The study aims to identify individual and cultural effects on severity of cannabis use disorder and inform public health policies.
Researchers at The Feinstein Institute discovered dozens of genetic variations linked to general cognitive ability. These findings have the potential to aid in targeted treatment for cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Researchers have identified a neural mechanism that allows us to segment our experience into discrete memory units, which are then stored in long-term memory. This process involves the identification of boundary events, which trigger the reactivation of memories and enable the formation of prediction models.
Researchers found that hoverflies use a combination of visual, olfactory, and tactile cues to recognize flowers in different environments. The study's results suggest that pollinator preferences for flowers can vary significantly depending on the location and environmental conditions.
Researchers have discovered that amputees can rewire their brains to control a robotic arm through electrodes implanted in the brain. The study found that chronic amputees can create new connections between brain areas, even years after an amputation, and that these connections become more robust with training.
A new study from MIT and Harvard University found that babies as young as 10 months can integrate information about costs and benefits to calculate the value of a goal. By observing an agent's effort to achieve a goal, 10-month-old infants inferred the amount of value they placed on it.
Researchers at King's College London have discovered novel mechanisms of cell death involved in debilitating neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This finding could lead to new treatments or delay the progression of currently incurable conditions.
Research shows desert ants can evaluate cue reliability, using unambiguous cues like odors to navigate. This ability helps them compensate for accumulated path integration errors while searching for food.
Researchers found that a specific G protein linked to dopamine receptors plays a role in both forming and erasing memories. The study suggests that the brain has an 'optimization process' that whittles away unnecessary memories, allowing for better function.
Dr. Bing Yao has received a major grant to investigate the relationship between brain iron concentration and fatigue symptoms in MS patients. The study aims to explore the role of basal ganglia in cognitive fatigue and its correlation with iron deposits in gray matter.
Researchers have developed a new writing method to create any desired magnetic pattern on nanowires, mimicking brain information processing. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of hardware neural networks, which may surpass software-based approaches in efficiency.
Researchers found that astrocytes in AD patients produced more beta-amyloid and cytokines, leading to brain inflammation and weakened neurons. Astrocyte function alterations may play a key role in early AD stages and neurodegeneration.
The ALEX study shows alectinib 600 mg is more effective than standard of care crizotinib in Asian patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive non-small-cell lung cancer. Progression-free survival was longer with alectinib compared to crizotinib in both Asian and non-Asian populations.
A study by Loma Linda University Health researchers found that consuming nuts regularly strengthens brainwave frequencies associated with cognition, healing, learning, memory, and other key brain functions. Pistachios produced the greatest gamma wave response, while peanuts stimulated the highest delta response.
Researchers at Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering developed an immersive virtual reality system to visualize and interact with large volumes of 3D anatomical brain data. The system allows users to explore the brain's cellular structure, highlighting key findings in neurotechnology development and research.
A pilot study by the Center for BrainHealth found that cognitive training improved innovative thinking and corresponding brain changes in healthy adults over 55. The SMART program showed significant gains in high-quality innovation performance and increased connectivity among brain cells in the central executive network.
New techniques harness neural circuitry to control prosthetic limbs and eyes, restoring function and improving motor skills. Brain-machine interfaces enable individuals to adapt and learn from technical challenges.
Researchers at NYU School of Medicine found that mammalian brains can distinguish between one odor and another in under 100 milliseconds, using fewer nerve signals than previously believed. This groundbreaking study has implications for our understanding of human olfaction and the potential for new treatments for smell disorders.
Liberals are more likely to notice and penalize inconsistencies in conservative Democrat candidates, a study suggests. Conservatives tend to show a stronger positive response when Democrats hold conservative positions, but are less likely to scrutinize inconsistencies.
Studies show that gut-derived metabolites may prevent neurodegeneration, while probiotic treatment corrects memory problems in an Alzheimer's mouse model. The research suggests targeting the gut could be a promising angle to tackle brain disorders across the lifespan.
The development of brain-computer interfaces and AI-powered neurotechnologies holds promise for treating various disorders, but raises concerns about individual privacy and autonomy. Experts recommend regulating the use of personal data and establishing norms to prevent social inequalities and potential exploitation.
Researchers developed a new optogenetic technique that enables precise stimulation of individual neurons, allowing for the study of how cells generate specific behaviors. By targeting single neurons, scientists can map connections among neurons that underlie behavior and analyze how those connections change in real-time.
Research on opioid addiction has made significant progress in understanding its impact on brain development, fear, anxiety, and memory. Studies have found that opioids can influence these processes, potentially contributing to substance use disorders and dependence.
New studies shed light on sleep's extensive effects on the brain, including impaired memory and judgment, increased risk of stroke, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Sleep consolidation also plays a crucial role in memory formation.
A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that clot removal up to 24 hours after stroke can significantly reduce disability for properly selected patients. Almost half of those who underwent thrombectomy showed considerable improvement in activities of daily living.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute have identified a peptide that can predict early Alzheimer's disease by recognizing vasculature associated with brain inflammation. The discovery may provide a means of homing drugs to diseased areas of the brain, targeting treatments before amyloid plaques appear.
Researchers identified a specific network in the brain tied to risk assessment, which can lead to anxiety or impulsivity. The study found that when there was no risk of punishment, coordination between dopamine neurons and prefrontal cortex activity was high.
Researchers developed better search algorithms using fruit fly brain's odor classification technique, which assigns similar neural activity patterns to similar odors. The fly-based approach outperformed conventional computer algorithms in sorting data with improved performance.
Researchers at Salk Institute have found that fruit fly brains use an efficient method to perform similarity searches, expanding the dimension of odor information to improve detection. This approach could inform computer algorithms and enhance their ability to find similarities quickly.
The study found that brain areas responsible for navigation were also active during language comprehension, indicating a correlation between the two cognitive processes. This correlation suggests that our brains mentally simulate sentence perspective using non-linguistic areas typically involved in visuo-spatial thought.
A tangled mesh in a finite element simulation can lead to inaccurate results, affecting biomechanical design, product development, and large-deformation analysis. Researchers have developed new methods for untangling meshes, including constrained optimization and the finite-cell method.
Researchers developed a new model of HIV infection in microglia using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, which will aid in understanding how the virus damages the brain and developing anti-HIV therapies. The model also offers a means to evaluate therapeutic strategies targeting the virus in challenging host cells.