Articles tagged with Brain
A groundbreaking microscopy method called TRISCO has enabled detailed three-dimensional RNA analysis at cellular resolution in whole intact mouse brains. The new method allows for the study of complex brain anatomy without sectioning, providing a powerful tool for brain research.
A new treatment combination of surgery and embolization for subdural hematomas has been shown to reduce the risk of follow-up surgeries. The procedure, which blocks specific blood vessels, resulted in a 4% recurrence rate compared to 11% without embolization.
Researchers at the University of Arizona Health Sciences have identified a potential new drug, PNA5, that targets cognitive symptoms in Parkinson's disease. The study found that PNA5 dials back inflammation in brain cells, which may prevent further degeneration and alleviate cognitive decline.
Researchers suggest that starting with smaller neural networks and using curriculum learning can improve performance and reduce the need for massive computing resources. This approach could lead to more resource-efficient and less energy-consuming AI systems.
A new study reveals that patients with Parkinson's disease who exhibit rest tremor have more dopamine preserved in the caudate nucleus, a part of the brain important for movement planning and cognition. This challenges traditional understanding of how dopamine loss relates to PD symptoms.
A new study found that individuals with Long Covid experience persistent functional impairment and poor quality of life, leading to significant economic burdens on patients and the economy. The study estimated that the economic cost of Long Covid could reach £20billion annually due to productivity losses and working days off.
Researchers have discovered a remarkably well-preserved fossil bird from the Mesozoic Era, which has been digitally reconstructed to reveal its brain structure. The discovery, named Navaornis hestiae, fills a 70-million-year gap in our understanding of how birds evolved and provides insights into their cognitive abilities.
NeuroMechFly v2 simulates how a fruit fly navigates through its environment while reacting to sights, smells, and obstacles. The model can track moving objects visually or navigate towards an odor source, while avoiding obstacles in its path, enabling researchers to study brain-body coordination and animal intelligence.
Researchers found that non-invasive stereotactic radiosurgery significantly improves tumor control and reduces symptoms such as tinnitus, cranial nerve deterioration, and vestibular dysfunction. Early treatment can prevent tumors from growing over time and spare patients from irreversible problems.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University discovered a variant of TMEM16F protein that enhances the spread of Parkinson's pathology, potentially leading to new treatments. The study found that cells with the mutation secrete more pathological α-synuclein, which can form Lewy bodies and damage brain cells.
A study from Tohoku University reveals that astrocytic manipulation affects the fate of long-term memory, with acidifying astrocytes preventing memories from being remembered and alkalinizing astrocytes preserving them. The findings suggest a parallel process of short-term and long-term memory formation.
A study of socially and economically vulnerable older adults found that African Americans have twice the odds of unrecognized cognitive impairment as White patients. Approximately 82% of Black patients had undiagnosed dementia or mild cognitive impairment, compared to 64% of White patients.
Researchers found that people systematically underestimate their wrist mobility in three out of four hand movements, with an average underestimation of ten degrees. This distortion is believed to protect against injury by preventing overshooting and allowing for small corrections during movement.
A study led by WVU epidemiologist Bethany Barone Gibbs found that alternating sitting and standing at work reduces sedentary behavior but has no effect on lowering blood pressure. Prolonged static standing may even have negative effects on cardiovascular health due to a physiological mechanism called the muscle pump.
A new study led by CAMH shows that a combination of therapies can slow cognitive decline in older adults with conditions increasing the risk of dementia. Participants receiving Cognitive Remediation plus transcranial direct current stimulation experienced slower cognitive decline compared to those receiving a control intervention.
The study found that brain responds rapidly to face-like features, even in ambiguous black-and-white stimuli. Face-likeness affects unconscious processing, and images with high degree of facial likeness are detected faster than those without.
A study found that 4.6% of Nigerian participants with COVID-19 experienced neurologic symptoms, with some still experiencing symptoms two years after their initial episode. Researchers plan to treat these patients using similar techniques used in the US, aiming to alleviate their suffering.
Researchers have unveiled a complex interplay between liver X and thyroid hormone receptors that regulates critical brain functions and protects against neurodegeneration. LXRs play a crucial role in regulating thyroid hormone function in the brain, while both receptors are essential for normal brain development and maintenance.
A recent study published in Neurology has found an association between poor sleep quality and signs of brain aging in late middle age. People with difficulty falling or staying asleep, as well as those who wake up early morning, had more signs of poor brain health
Researchers grew personalized brain organoids from patients with a rare form of autism spectrum disorder to study its impact on brain development. The study revealed that microRNAs play a crucial role in determining the fate of developing brain cells, and an experimental drug may reverse critical cellular signs of autism.
A team of researchers at Penn State College of Medicine has developed a high-resolution 3D atlas of the developing mouse brain, providing a comprehensive view of brain development and structure. The atlas, published in Nature Communications, will help researchers understand neurodevelopmental disorders and analyze large-scale data sets.
A recent study found a potential link between air pollution and cognitive impairment, with fine particulate matter exposure correlating with declined cognitive processing time. Systemic inflammation, driven by an increase in monocytes, may act as a key intermediary linking PM2.5 exposure to impaired cognitive function.
A new study found that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a safe and effective treatment for depression when administered at home. Researchers reported significant improvements in depression severity and remission rates compared to a placebo control group.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki studied brain activity of people watching a live dance performance, finding that dance experience affects brain functions associated with movement visualization and social interaction. The study also showed that experts in dance or music displayed stronger synchrony with the performance.
A new study by Penn State researchers reveals that individuals with co-occurring depression and concussion experience more severe symptoms than those with single conditions. The study also found disrupted brain connectivity among participants with both conditions, suggesting a potential need for personalized treatment approaches.
Researchers aim to develop small molecule drugs to target neuroinflammation in the brain, which contributes to cognitive decline. The goal is to slow or even cure Alzheimer's disease, offering a potential game-changer for the therapeutic landscape.
Scientists have identified a novel molecular mechanism underlying brain cell communication, regulating excitatory synapse maturation and contributing to anxiety disorders. The study reveals the TrkC-PTPσ complex governs synaptic protein phosphorylation, leading to abnormal synapse organization and behavioral defects in mice.
Brain cells called OPCs (oligodendrocyte precursor cells) play a crucial role in shaping neural circuitry by pruning unnecessary synapses. This process is essential for the brain's functioning and has been linked to both glioma brain cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers identify modifiable determinants of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial transit time (ATT) in older adults. A higher BMI was associated with lower CBF and longer ATT, while cardiorespiratory fitness linked to longer ATT in specific brain regions.
Researchers identified AM-101 as a potential new way to enhance radiation therapy for patients with lung cancer that has spread to the brain. The drug's ability to activate GABA(A) receptors increases autophagy in lung cancer cells, making them more sensitive to radiation treatment.
Researchers found that people with schizophrenia who experience auditory hallucinations have impaired brain processes, including a 'broken' corollary discharge and 'noisy' efference copy. This impairment may contribute to the loss of ability to distinguish reality from fantasy.
Researchers at CNIO propose a new treatment for brain metastasis by targeting pro-tumour astrocytes with immunotherapy. They identified TIMP1 as a biomarker to predict when immunotherapy is effective, and a clinical trial is underway to test the therapeutic efficacy of silibinin inhibition.
A new study published in Scientific Reports reveals the importance of foot movement in early infant development and interaction. By using machine and deep learning techniques, researchers found that AI can accurately classify five-second clips of 3D infant movements, with foot movements showing the highest accuracy rates.
Research from Trinity College Dublin found that lower sustained attention in adolescence can predict a larger increase in cigarette and cannabis use by age 23. The study suggests using early biomarkers like sustained attention to identify vulnerable adolescents and guide targeted interventions.
Researchers at Fujita Health University have discovered critical impairments in purine metabolism and ATP recycling in patients with Parkinson's disease. The study highlights the importance of enhancing ATP production to slow disease progression and improve quality of life.
Endomimetics is developing a Bionanomatrix coating to accelerate aneurysm occlusion and minimize thrombus formation in brain aneurysm patients. The coating promotes endothelialization through five synergistic elements, reducing inflammatory responses and platelet adhesion.
A new genetic labeling tool has revealed patterns in brain extracellular matrix (ECM) in mice, including differences in matrix deposition on various neuron types. The tool allows for detection of changes in ECM over time, providing insights into brain development and function.
A study published in Brain Communications found that heatwaves can trigger more seizures in individuals with severe epilepsy. Researchers used intracranial electroencephalography to track brain activity during heatwaves and non-heatwave periods, revealing a significant increase in seizure frequency during hot weather.
A study published in the journal Brain shows that increases in protein levels with new Alzheimer's drugs can explain the slowing of cognitive impairment at least as well as the reduction in amyloid plaques. The researchers found that higher levels of a critical brain protein correlate equally well with cognitive benefits.
New research reveals that human-dog interactions synchronize brain activity, particularly in the frontal and parietal regions. Dogs with autism-associated genetic mutations show reduced synchronization, but treatment with LSD reverses this effect.
Newly developed tools enable selective labeling and manipulation of synapses, advancing understanding of learning, memory, and neurological disorders. The review highlights promising molecular actuators and optogenetic approaches to unravel synaptic function mysteries.
A new library of healthy participants' neuroimaging data has been created to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The Normative Neuroimaging Library consists of data from approximately 1900 individuals, providing a comprehensive dataset for clinicians and researchers.
A Trinity scientist has won an ERC Starting Grant to investigate the role of microglia in brain disorders. The project aims to create a detailed map of how these immune cells change during brain damage, disease, or repair, with the goal of developing methods to control and rejuvenate neuropathology.
Researchers investigate how hypernatremia affects microglial responses and evaluate potential therapies. Microglia's response to hyperosmotic stress is found to be associated with NFAT5 expression and NO production.
A recent study demonstrates how real-time haptic feedback can enhance interoceptive awareness, improving mental and physical health. Participants showed improved accuracy in heart rate discrimination tasks after receiving haptic feedback, suggesting a deeper connection between the mind and body.
A recent study suggests that synaptic plasticity is a collective action, where the behavior of one synapse influences others. The researchers found that strong competition among neighboring spines affects their dynamics and influences the direction and extent of plasticity. Understanding how neurons manage synaptic resources may contri...
Researchers mapped 1.65 million cells from 437 aging brains, identifying two distinct paths of cellular change that lead to either Alzheimer's disease or alternative brain aging. These findings offer new insights into the development of Alzheimer's and how it differs from healthy brain aging.
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University used a novel motion simulator to study rodent navigation in dark environments. The study found that rats use airflow cues, combined with their sense of balance, to enhance their self-motion perception. This breakthrough sheds light on the mechanisms behind sensory processing and brain function.
Researchers have found a new brain mechanism that detects prediction errors between expected and actual sensory inputs, boosting responses to unexpected information. This discovery could offer insights into the neural circuits underlying autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs).
A comprehensive brain imaging study found that diabetes and prediabetes are associated with accelerated brain ageing, with brains appearing 0.5-4 years older than chronological age. A healthy lifestyle may help counteract this effect, with associations attenuated among people with high physical activity.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham have discovered that male fruit flies ignore physical threats as they pursue a female fly, driven by the neurotransmitter dopamine. As courtship advances, dopamine levels increase, blocking sensory pathways and reducing the ability to respond to threats.
A new study published in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience has found that fans of action films and comedies react strongly to negative emotional stimuli, while those who prefer documentaries or crime films show a weaker reaction. The research suggests that people choose film genres that optimally stimulate their brains.
Researchers at Boston University created an AI tool that can determine the cause of dementia using commonly collected patient data, boosting doctor accuracy by 26%. The algorithm identifies 10 types of dementia, including vascular and frontotemporal dementia, to help doctors manage patients more effectively.
Researchers at Åbo Akademi University have discovered a crucial protein, TLNRD1, that helps maintain blood vessel stability in the brain. The study highlights the potential for targeted molecular therapies to improve patient outcomes in CCM disease.
Researchers have discovered a link between cognitive impairments and brain network organization in individuals at risk of developing psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. This finding suggests an opportunity for early diagnosis and intervention, potentially through non-invasive neuromodulation.
Researchers found that non-lawyers use complex legalese when writing laws, and it signals a sense of authority. The 'magic spell hypothesis' suggests that this style is used to convey power and legitimacy, making documents more difficult to understand.
Researchers successfully restored the brain's waste-clearing process by reviving cervical lymph vessel function in aging mice, utilizing a known drug to boost efficiency. This breakthrough could pave the way for future therapies targeting neurodegenerative diseases.
A study published in Neuron reveals that neurons are wired to connect seemingly unrelated concepts, enhancing the brain's ability to predict what we see based on past experiences. Visual experience influences the organisation of feedback projections, which store information about the world.
Seoul National University researchers developed a biodegradable electronic tent technology that enables non-invasive brain disease diagnosis using a needle. The device unfolds to cover the entire brain over a large area and naturally decomposes in the body after diagnosis, minimizing side effects.
Researchers from Eötvös Loránd University found temperature and humidity have no impact on dogs' ability to detect scents. However, indoor testing outperformed outdoor environments due to distracting stimuli. Age also plays a role, with 2-3 year old dogs exhibiting superior olfactory performance.