Articles tagged with Human Brain
Researchers at the University of Birmingham discovered that humans process written words rapidly, using pre-processing judgments within 100ms, and that this activity is linked to the complexity of the word. This study has significant implications for diagnosing and training individuals with dyslexia where pre-processing is impaired.
Scientists at Aarhus University are working on a nano-sized brain-inspired computer that can harvest its own energy, making it the smallest and most efficient AI system yet. The project aims to reduce power consumption by 12 orders of magnitude compared to modern supercomputers.
A research team identified H3 acetylation as a crucial factor in human brain development, leading to the unique neocortex structure. This finding could pave the way for new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases by manipulating basal progenitor cell proliferation.
Researchers at University of Toronto found that the brain's prefrontal cortex generalizes perceptual experiences from different senses, producing sensations even without direct experience. The study used functional magnetic resonance imaging and massage stones to capture neural activity patterns in the brain.
Researchers at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem have developed a new deep learning artificial infrastructure inspired by individual neurons. Their approach uses complex mathematical modeling to replicate the brain's electrical processes and create more intelligent AI systems.
Researchers at the University of California, Davis, have developed a new model for solving abstract problems by utilizing internal cognitive maps. The study found that humans can mentally reconstruct complex social networks and use these maps to make decisions, even with limited information.
A recent study has identified nearly half of the fastest-evolving human genes as playing a crucial role in rewriting the course of human brain development. The research used an innovative approach called CaptureMPRA to analyze the function of Human Accelerated Regions (HARs) in regulating gene expression in the brain.
Researchers from Binghamton University and Harvard Medical School are using computer modeling and advanced imaging to study brain folding and growth in fetuses. They hope to understand the underlying mechanism of how brains form and how early weeks affect later life.
Researchers at UCLA developed brain organoids that mimic human brain structure and function, allowing for the study of neurological disorders like Rett syndrome. The organoids showed organized waves of activity similar to those found in living brains and responded to treatment with an experimental drug.
A new study from Binghamton University tracked how practicing meditation for just a couple of months changed the brain patterns of 10 students. The results show that meditation training led to faster switching between the brain's two general states of consciousness, indicating an effect on fast switching and maintaining attention.
Researchers found that auditory and speech processing occur in parallel, with areas of the STG responding as fast as the primary auditory cortex when sentences were played. This challenges the traditional hierarchy model of speech processing and may offer new insights into conditions like dyslexia.
A new study has found that chronic opioid use changes gene expression in the brains of people with opioid use disorder (OUD), suggesting proinflammatory signaling and synaptic remodeling. The affected genes involved in immune response and neuronal connections were also identified, offering new targets for treatment.
A new study demonstrates that artificial intelligence networks based on human brain connectivity can perform cognitive tasks efficiently. Researchers created a brain connectivity pattern and applied it to an artificial neural network, which performed cognitive memory tasks more flexibly and efficiently than other benchmark architectures.
Researchers at Brown University introduce 'dignity neuroscience,' arguing that universal rights are rooted in human brain science. The concept posits five core elements - agency, autonomy, and self-determination; freedom from want and fear; uniqueness; and unconditionality - which reflect fundamental features of the human brain.
Researchers at Nagoya University have successfully created graphene-diamond junctions that mimic key brain functions such as synaptic plasticity and excitatory postsynaptic current. These junctions exhibit photo-sensing and photo-controllable functions similar to those performed by the brain and retina.
Researchers from NYUAD and University of Wisconsin-Madison develop interactive 3D diagrams to teach functional neuroanatomy. The study shows that VR exceeded PC viewing for experience-based learning outcomes, making it an enjoyable and easier learning tool.
Researchers at Keck School of Medicine and Caltech demonstrate a new way to produce highly detailed images of the human brain using functional photoacoustic computerized tomography (fPACT). This technology has the potential to be less expensive, more portable, and accessible to patients with implants.
A study by University of Missouri researchers reveals that physical layout and structure of print newspapers can improve readers' understanding of news on digital platforms. The team identified 10 affordances, or contextual clues, that help readers make sense of news, including physical, perceived, and relational affordances.
A Columbia Engineering/UCLA team discovers phase precession in the human brain, allowing neurons to signal information through precise timing. This finding has implications for understanding brain function and creating brain-machine interfaces.
The study found that the brain processes individual features of an object, such as sounds and actions, and also abstract symbol-like features. The researchers developed a hierarchical model to reflect how conceptual knowledge is represented in the human brain.
A study reveals significant epigenetic differences in the cerebellum of humans, chimpanzees, and monkeys, highlighting its importance in human brain evolution. The findings suggest that the cerebellum played a key role in the development of human culture, language, and tool use.
The eNeuro special collection explores the documentary In Silico, featuring reactions from leading neuroscientists on brain modelling and massive research collaborations. The commentaries discuss next steps for large-scale initiatives, charismatic leadership's impact, and the history of building brain models.
A new study reveals that human frontal cortex development follows a similar trajectory to that of other primates. The research analyzed brain structure and behavioral markers in humans, chimpanzees, mice, and macaques, finding that the three species show consistent patterns of brain maturation.
Researchers identified two distinct types of uncertainty affecting human anticipatory behavior: whether an event will occur and when it will happen. The brain dynamically adjusts its readiness to respond based on separate probability estimates of these two uncertainties, allowing for more accurate predictions in real-time.
Biologists found that plasticisers bisphenol A and bisphenol S disrupt nerve cell communication in fish brains. They warn of similar effects on human brains, highlighting the need for alternative plasticisers.
Using human brain organoid models, researchers demonstrate various viruses cause microcephaly through different mechanisms. ZIKV and HSV-1 infections impair neuroepithelial identity and attenuate Type I interferon responses.
A new study found that modern human-like brains evolved comparatively late in the genus Homo and after their first African dispersal. The research analyzed fossilized skulls to discover that early humans retained primitive brain organization until later innovations allowed for unique behaviors and abilities.
The modern human brain is believed to have originated in Africa around 1.7 million years ago, with significant advancements in brain structure and function occurring during this time frame. The study used CT scans to analyze fossil skulls and compared them to those of great apes and humans.
The film IN SILICO chronicles the ambitious quest to simulate the human brain on supercomputers, exposing controversy and ego in the scientific process. It encourages critical evaluation of brain research and technology, highlighting the need for a more nuanced approach to neuroscience.
A new study reveals the genetic mechanism behind human brain development, identifying a key molecule called ZEB2 that influences brain growth. The research found that human brain organoids grow larger and have more neurons than those from other apes due to a delayed change in cell shape.
Researchers found that certain genes in inflammatory cells called glial cells increased their activity and grew longer appendages after death. This discovery challenges current understanding of post-mortem gene expression and cell activity, which may impact research on disorders like autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.
Scientists have developed a novel technology combining 3-D bioelectronic systems with human neural cultures to study brain development and repair. The device can record electrical activity, manipulate neural activity using light pulses, and perform optogenetic experiments.
A team of RIT researchers is working on developing an artificial intelligence system that can learn over time and play the popular video game Starcraft II. This project has the potential to advance practical solutions such as self-driving cars, service robots, and other real-world applications.
Flat brain organoids grown on 3D-printed scaffolds show intrinsic gyrification, increasing size and surface-to-volume ratio and offering potential for biologically relevant systems. The results overcome shape limitations of previous spherical models, enabling consistent formation of neuroepithelial folding.
Scientists have found a way to reduce energy consumption in deep neural networks, paving the way for more efficient AI hardware. The approach uses simple electrical impulses instead of complex numerical values, maintaining high accuracy.
A new paper warns of the dangers of large language models, which can perpetuate racist ideologies and cause significant environmental degradation. The models' huge computational needs also restrict access to smaller developers, leaving out marginalized communities.
Researchers developed a nanoprinted AI optical circuit that processes information at the speed of light without power consumption. The circuit's neural density is comparable to human brain density, enabling efficient processing of near-infrared inference on CMOS chips.
An artificial neural network called MotionNet has provided new insights into human motion perception, revealing common optical illusions like phi and reverse-phi motion. The system shows that neurons are tuned to the direction of movement, leading to mistakes in perception.
Researchers have grown human stem cell-derived organoids in a lab dish that matured in sync with the timeline of human development, replicating key aspects of normal human development. The study provides a framework for assessing how well in vitro models model in vivo development and function.
A high-resolution 3D chromatin structure map of the macaque fetal brain has been constructed, revealing human-specific chromatin structural changes. These changes include 499 human-specific TADs and 1266 human-specific loops, which are enriched with enhancer-enhancer interactions.
Scientists are developing a 'brain on a chip' technology using human brain stem cells to solve complex problems, aiming to revolutionize machine learning. The Neu-ChiP project has the potential to break through current limitations of processing power and energy consumption.
A team of researchers has identified a functional 'rich club' of brain regions that orchestrate the global workspace, a concept proposed by psychologist Bernard Baars in 1988. The study, published in Nature Human Behavior, used fMRI data from over 1,000 participants to reveal unique brain regions coordinating information from various s...
A recent study published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine found that SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect brain cells, leading to devastating consequences such as localized ischemia and cell death. The researchers also discovered that the virus's ability to invade the central nervous system may be related to its neurological symptoms.
Researchers have discovered turbulent-like dynamics in the human brain using fMRI, suggesting a new way to analyze and model whole-brain dynamics. This finding could lead to improved mental health treatments for neuropsychiatric diseases.
Researchers at Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg aim to understand brain cognitive potential, variability, and neurobiological processes that prevent full utilization. The goal is to develop interventions improving cognitive performance in healthy individuals and those with hidden disease processes.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have created a computational model of brain activity that simulates how humans adapt to new situations. The model, which incorporates the concept of 'gating' to control information flow, outperforms previous models and mimics human mistakes seen in patients with prefrontal cortex damage. This breakthro...
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a breakthrough optical sensor that can mimic the human eye's ability to perceive changes in its visual field. The sensor uses ultrathin layers of perovskite semiconductors to detect light intensity changes, enabling it to prioritize signals from photoreceptors detecting movement.
Researchers study the role of memristors in neuromorphic computing to mimic biological brain architectures. Memristor devices can memorize current to reduce device size and increase processing speed.
A study by researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center discovered that people's brain activity and organization differ when reimagining common scenarios, leading to distinct neurological signatures. These signatures can help understand and study disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers developed a new electronic chip that brings together imaging, processing, machine learning, and memory in one device powered by light. The prototype achieves brain-like functionality and can be used to enable smarter and smaller autonomous technologies like drones and robotics.
A multidisciplinary team has successfully visualized superficial white matter in living human brains using high-field MRI. The study reveals that this region contains significant amounts of iron, necessary for myelination, which can occur throughout lifespan but is predominant during development.
Researchers review 'multi-state memory' data storage technology that stores more than just 0s and 1s, enabling high-density storage and fast access. The technology has the potential to enhance storage density without scaling down device dimensions.
A recent study published in The Journal of Neuroscience has revealed striking similarities and differences in how dog and human brains process visual information about others. Researchers used fMRI to compare brain activity patterns between twenty dogs and thirty humans, finding both analogous and divergent patterns of species- and fac...
Researchers used fMRI to compare brain activity in humans and dogs while watching videos of other animals. Dog brains showed no face-specific activation, unlike humans, but did display species preference for viewing a dog over a human.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki developed a technique that models visual perception by monitoring human brain signals, allowing computers to generate new information and create images matching users' intentions. The accuracy of this method was 83% in an experiment where participants focused on certain features.
The Human Brain Project is launching a new webinar series called 'Brain Matters', featuring hour-long sessions on different areas of brain research. Expert speakers will share their knowledge on the HBP's scientific achievements and the state-of-the-art infrastructure for brain research, EBRAINS.
Researchers are using multidisciplinary approaches, cutting-edge imaging technologies, and cyber resources to study synaptic weight and its effects on the brain. The team aims to determine what factors shape synaptic structures and function, shedding light on basic understanding of the brain.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute successfully precisely influenced a single area of the brain by inhibiting its rhythm, decreasing functional connectivity and information exchange with other networks. This precise control enables potential therapeutic applications for diseases caused by disturbed brain functions.
Researchers at Tohoku University and the University of Gothenburg developed a novel voltage-controlled spintronic oscillator capable of closely imitating non-linear oscillatory neural networks. The technology allows for strong tuning with negligible energy consumption, enabling efficient training of large neural networks.
A new study reveals that dog brains, like human brains, process speech in a hierarchical manner, with intonation processed at lower stages and word meanings at higher stages. The research used functional MRI to measure brain activity in awake dogs while they listened to praise words and unknown neutral words in different tones.