Articles tagged with Human Brain
The EBRAINS human brain atlas is a comprehensive digital map of the cellular architecture, showcasing 250 structurally distinct areas based on analysis of 10 brains. This atlas enables researchers to better understand brain functions and mechanisms of diseases.
A NIH study found consistent sex-based differences in cortical volume across 2,000 brain scans, which correspond with patterns of sex-chromosome gene expression. These findings suggest that genetic mechanisms, including those on the X and Y sex chromosomes, may influence sex differences in brain anatomy.
Lehigh University researchers have developed a new complex material design strategy for potential use in neuromorphic computing, using metallocene intercalation in hafnium disulfide (HfS2). The work demonstrates the effectiveness of functionalizing a 2D material with an organic molecule, achieving high tunability and energy efficiency.
A new pre-clinical study identified genes linked with the development of brain folds in the grey matter of the brain. The research found differences in genetic expression and neuron shape during the folding process, which can lead to cognitive deficits and neurological conditions such as autism and schizophrenia.
Researchers developed a computational model to analyze brain activity in different states of consciousness, from wakefulness to deep sleep. The study found that the brain's functional segregation into systems with distinct activation patterns during cognition.
The Human Brain Project is entering its final phase with a focus on advancing three core scientific areas: brain networks, consciousness, and artificial neural nets. EBRAINS infrastructure will provide researchers with a comprehensive atlas and database, as well as powerful computing and simulation tools.
A study by University of Pennsylvania researchers found that different types of networks share a similar underlying structure that allows them to convey large amounts of information efficiently. The balance between community and heterogeneous structures is key to creating information-rich but easy-to-interpret networks.
Researchers mapped 88,047 individual cells across 33 brain regions in humans, chimpanzees, macaques, and bonobos to identify distinctive brain regions that underwent faster evolution. The study found differences in gene expression between human oligodendrocytes and astrocytes compared to other primates.
Researchers found that human brains replay neural firing patterns experienced while awake during sleep, supporting the idea of memory consolidation. The study used intracortical microelectrode arrays to record neuronal activity in two participants playing a sequence-copying game before and after sleep.
Researchers created 3D brain-region specific spheroids to study complex developmental processes and neuropsychiatric diseases. The spheroids can be connected to form fused structures called brain assembloids, allowing for the investigation of inaccessible developmental processes.
A RIKEN research team developed a new 3D staining technique that can visualize whole organs and bodies. The technique allows for detailed anatomical analysis and whole-organ comparisons between species at the cellular level.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have developed a novel source imaging technology using high-density EEG to map underlying brain networks. This breakthrough can accurately estimate the size and scope of active areas within the brain, as well as interactions between functionally related regions.
A new research project called SpinAge aims to develop a neuromorphic computer system that can mimic the human brain's synapses and neurons, increasing computer performance by up to 100,000 times. The project, coordinated by Aarhus University, seeks to reduce energy consumption in current computing systems by at least a factor of 100.
A new study by Yale University researchers found that genetic variations can trigger functional changes in the brain before birth, during early childhood, and later in life. The study analyzed DNA and RNA data from 176 tissue samples across various developmental stages, revealing age-specific effects of genetic variants on brain function.
A new study published in Science Advances used CT-scanning technology to view fossil skulls of Australopithecus afarensis and shed light on the evolution of brain organization and growth. The research reveals that while Lucy's species had an ape-like brain structure, the brain took longer to reach adult size.
Researchers from NUS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative create a highly energy-efficient molecular system that achieves optimal digital in-memory computing. The invention enables charge disproportionation or electronic symmetry breaking, overcoming decades-long material systems bottleneck.
An international team of scientists has launched a comprehensive overview of all proteins expressed in the human brain, published in Science. The Brain Atlas resource offers medical researchers an unprecedented resource to deepen their understanding of neurobiology.
Researchers have discovered a neuron-like electrical switching mechanism in solid-state material β'-CuxV2O5, enabling the creation of circuitry that functions like the human brain. The team's findings showcase the potential for neuromorphic computing to improve energy efficiency and address global computing demands.
Researchers measured brain asymmetry in humans and great apes, finding a shared pattern in brain shape and connectivity. Humans exhibited greater variability in brain asymmetry than expected, suggesting increased functional modularization.
Scientists have identified recurring patterns in brain neurons that can be used to explain their behavior and function, paving the way for creating artificial intelligence that mimics the human brain. By understanding these patterns, researchers aim to develop new treatments for neurological disorders and improve current technology.
Researchers developed a quantum reinforcement learning framework to explain human decision-making behaviors, revealing a quantum-like neural mechanism. This breakthrough suggests that the human brain functions similarly to quantum systems, with potential implications for machine learning efficiency.
Dendritic action potentials amplify human brain computational power, enabling single neurons to solve complex problems previously thought to require multi-layer neural networks. The investigation reveals a new class of dendritic calcium action potentials in L2/3 neurons.
Researchers validated a popular method using RNA sequencing to identify unknown human brain neurons by comparing it with crab nervous system data. The study could contribute to future breakthroughs in understanding the brain and neurological diseases.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed an artificial synapse that mimics the human brain's ability to create neuronal connections. This breakthrough technology could revolutionize AI and cognitive computing, enabling faster and more efficient processing of complex tasks.
The study found that BCI training alters specific regions of the brain involved in motor and visual tasks. This suggests potential therapeutic benefits for conditions like stroke rehabilitation. The changes occur within a short period, raising hopes for more efficient decoding of BCI activities.
Researchers found measurable changes in brain regions after BCI training, which occurred within hours, not weeks. This suggests BCI could be used to stimulate specific brain areas for rehabilitation.
The human brain can recognize a familiar song within 100 to 300 milliseconds, with rapid pupil dilation and cortical activation related to memory retrieval. The study suggests that the brain's temporal circuitry is fast and efficient in recognizing familiar music, which may have implications for music-based therapeutic interventions.
A multidisciplinary team of MGH researchers has created the highest resolution MRI scan of the human brain, with a resolution of 1,000 times more detailed than standard clinical scans. This dataset has broad applications in understanding brain anatomy and diseases.
A new study is using advanced brain imaging and non-invasive brain stimulation to help patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness. The RAINDROP trial aims to improve communication and recovery rates for these patients, who remain trapped in their unresponsive bodies despite retaining higher levels of awareness.
A recent brain imaging study found that more intelligent individuals have temporally more stable interactions in neural networks. The results suggest that processes of controlled attention may play an important role for general intelligence.
Researchers found that human brains evolved independently of changes to the braincase, despite both being affected by bipedalism. The study used CT and MRI data to quantify spatial relationships between brain structures and cranial structures.
Researchers found moderate levels of covariation between human and chimpanzee brain and braincase features, but distinct positions of brain sulci relative to cranial sutures in humans. The study suggests that changes in braincase morphology may be related to increased encephalization and bipedalism.
Scientists discuss strengths and weaknesses of organoids as a model for human cortex, employing them to study developmental brain disorders. Researchers explore the viability of mini-brains in clinical research.
Researchers found that people perceive truthfulness higher in claims following alphabetical order, even when source unknown. This can be exploited by companies to convince consumers of slogans or claims.
Researchers study patient with stroke-induced color naming impairment to explore how language shapes color perception. The study found that while patients struggled to name specific colors, they could still group colors into categories, suggesting a separate process for categorization.
Researchers used a machine learning algorithm to analyze electrical patterns from lab-grown brains and compared them to premature babies' brain activity. The study found that the lab mini-brains produced similar electrical patterns as premature babies, with similar levels of electric activity following a similar pattern.
Scientists have successfully grown miniature brains from stem cells that exhibit functional neural networks and produce brain waves resembling those of preterm babies. The study marks a significant breakthrough in understanding human brain development and may lead to new insights into diseases such as autism, epilepsy, and schizophrenia.
Research at University College London found that minute-to-minute fluctuations in human brain activity, linked to dopamine levels, impact decision-making. When the brain's dopaminergic midbrain is in a state of low activity, individuals are more likely to choose risky options.
A new study has created the most detailed 'parts list' of the human brain to date, revealing crucial differences between human and mouse brain cells that could explain why many drugs don't work in humans. The study highlights key changes in gene expression related to serotonin receptors and neuron connections.
Researchers have used a new imaging method to analyze brain activity in live pigs, discovering that pig brains are better platforms for studying human neurological conditions. The study suggests a promising approach to determining biomarkers or brain signatures that lead to CTE diagnosis while patients are still alive.
Researchers at Harvard University have created miniature, 3D tissue cultures that model a patient's own brain cells in a dish, offering great promise for studying disease in humans directly. The new method consistently grows the same types of cells, in the same order, as the developing human cerebral cortex.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified a specific set of brain cells that are particularly susceptible to harm from low oxygen exposure in early development. The discovery has implications for preventing brain injuries in premature babies, who often suffer from poor neurodevelopmental outcomes.
A recent study suggests humans possess an ancient magnetic sense, as their brains respond to changes in the Earth's magnetic field. The research used electroencephalography to record brain activity during magnetic field manipulations, revealing a decrease in alpha-band brain activity in some participants.
Researchers have discovered a specific area in the insular cortex of the brain that responds to sweetness stimulation on the tongue, revealing a complex taste map in humans. This 'sweet spot' is distinct from other tastes like sour, salty, and bitter.
Researchers studying Nicaraguan Sign Language find that signs don't move towards the face to be easier to understand. The study uses machine learning and computer vision techniques to analyze language change over 40 years, shedding light on how languages evolve.
Researchers confirm that the human brain and monkeys perceive the Pinna-Brelstaff figure's rotating rings similarly, with a delay of around 15 milliseconds. This finding supports Jan Purkinje's theory that illusions contain visual truth and sheds light on how our brains handle perception vs reality.
Researchers found that more efficient neural codes in humans and monkeys resulted in reduced robustness, potentially contributing to disorders like ADHD, anxiety, and depression. The study supports the 'washing machine' theory of brain evolution, suggesting a trade-off between efficiency and error resistance.
Researchers have identified neurons in the human visual cortex that selectively respond to faces, a significant breakthrough in understanding face recognition. These neurons were found to respond strongly to both familiar and unfamiliar faces, as well as images of humans and animals in videos.
A new study at the University of Birmingham reveals that when retrieving memories, the human brain focuses on the core meaning first and then recalls specific details. This reversed reconstruction process challenges our understanding of how memories are formed and retrieved.
Researchers employed machine learning to analyze fMRI data and infer cellular properties of different brain regions without surgery. The approach could lead to personalized treatment plans for neurological disorders.
Researchers at George Washington University discover that people pay attention to objects based on their real-world size rather than visual perception. The study suggests attention allocation can be trained, leading to improvements and efficiency in tasks such as radiology or airport security.
A team of researchers at the University of Sussex has developed a fast and energy-efficient simulation of part of a rat brain using off-the-shelf computer hardware. By leveraging Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), they achieved processing speeds up to 10% faster than current supercomputers, while reducing energy consumption by 10 times.
A study published in BRAIN journal used a brain wiring diagram to reconcile inconsistent neuroimaging findings for Alzheimer's disease. The researchers found that all 26 studies reported abnormalities within the same connected brain network, improving reproducibility and understanding of the disease.
Researchers develop a novel methodology for characterizing neurons and their gene expression patterns, uncovering species-specific and age-related differences that could hold major implications for studying human brain disorders.
At 5 months, babies demonstrated the ability to recognize nested structures similar to human grammar. This basic understanding is thought to be part of what makes humans uniquely capable. The study used tone sequences and EEG measures to test infants' perception of embedded structures.
A study published in PLOS Computational Biology suggests that human brain size increased significantly due to cultural factors and information availability. The cumulative cultural brain hypothesis proposes that brains expand to store and manage more information, co-evolving with group size, learning strategies, and life history.
The NIH has increased investment in the BRAIN Initiative to over $400 million, supporting more than 200 new awards for cutting-edge brain research. These projects aim to develop new tools and knowledge to discover answers for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
A study suggests that hotel reviewers may be too trusting of reviews that conform to their preconceived ideas, and that those that contradict expectations require closer scrutiny. The researchers also found that reviews with attractive titles are more likely to be relied upon for decision-making.
Researchers discovered that human dendrites have different electrical properties than those in rats, with reduced signal strength as they flow along the longer extensions. This increased electrical compartmentalization could enable single neurons to perform more complex computations.
The Brainstorm Project aims to develop a philosophical framework for government policy and regulations on brain organoid research. The two-year project, led by CWRU researcher Insoo Hyun, will bring together neuroscientists and bioethicists to explore emerging ethical issues in this rapidly advancing field.