Articles tagged with Intestines
A study found that adding the prebiotic fructooligosacharide (FOS) to the diets of pediatric patients with intestinal failure can increase gut growth and function. The prebiotic converts into butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid that enhances nutrient digestion and absorption.
Stem cells found in cord blood have the ability to migrate to the intestine and contribute to its cell population, suggesting a potential treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. The cells' innate ability to form blood vessels may also improve vessel abnormalities found in IBD.
A new study found that gastric bypass surgery changes the gut microbiota composition in rats, increasing beneficial bacteria and altering peptide release. This shift resembles prebiotic treatment effects, suggesting a potential link between postsurgical gut modulations and improved metabolic outcomes.
Researchers describe the biological mechanisms behind protein's appetite-suppressing effects, identifying specific receptors involved in intestinal gluconeogenesis. This understanding paves the way for new avenues in obesity treatment by controlling fullness sensation over long periods.
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center have discovered alpha-synuclein protein in the intestinal wall of patients with early Parkinson's disease, but not healthy subjects. This finding may lead to pre-motor diagnosis and accurate biomarkers for tracking its progress.
A new study reveals a population of intestinal stem cells that respond to damage and prevent cancer, increasing understanding of normal and cancer cell progression in the intestines. The discovery highlights the potential for Lrig1 as a target for treating intestinal and colon cancer.
Researchers found that silencing GC-C weakens intestinal barrier, making body more susceptible to cancer. Stimulating GC-C strengthens the barrier and opposes pathological changes.
Researchers at University of York uncover key mechanism by which Vibrio cholerae gains foothold in the intestine, exploiting sialic acid for survival. The discovery could pave way for targeted treatments for the deadly intestinal disease that kills over 100,000 people annually.
Researchers activated a gene called PGC-1, which increases mitochondrial activity, and found it significantly extends the lifespan of fruit flies' digestive tracts. The study's implications for human aging suggest targeting the intestine as a vital tissue type for healthy aging.
A new study reveals that adult stem cells can reshape organs in response to changes, with implications for diabetes and obesity. Intestinal stem cells respond to increased food intake by producing more cells, expanding the gut's size.
Researchers at the La Jolla Institute identified a previously unknown mechanism generating protective immune memory cells to fight recurring infections at mucosal linings. This discovery could lead to the creation of new and more effective vaccines by triggering the newly identified mechanism, particularly for Listeria and HIV.
Research finds children with autism and GI disturbances have changed genes involved in digestion, altering intestinal bacteria. These changes may contribute to behavioral disturbances in some cases.
Researchers have developed a special type of biopolymer that protects probiotic bacteria from the acidic stomach environment and delivers them safely to the intestines. This innovation could lead to better quality probiotic food products and increase calcium absorption, benefiting gut health and bone structure.
Scientists at Thomas Jefferson University found that silencing the hormone receptor GCC affects appetite in mice, inducing obesity, while mice expressing the receptor know when to stop eating. This new neural-gut axis provides a potential therapeutic target for controlling appetite and obesity.
New research provides key clues to looping morphogenesis, helping diagnose conditions like gastric torsion in large breeds and malrotation in babies. The study's findings could also aid in understanding the formation of other organs, such as hearts and vascular systems.
Researchers at the University of Maryland have identified a protein called HRG-3 that transports heme from the mother's intestine to her developing embryos in C. elegans. This finding could lead to new treatments for parasitic worm infections and iron deficiency, affecting over two billion people worldwide.
A study in C. elegans reveals that the tiny protein HRG-3 plays a crucial role in transporting heme to developing embryos and other parts of the worm's body. This finding holds promise for developing effective treatments against parasitic worms, which affect over a quarter of the world's population.
Researchers discover gamma deltaintraepithelial lymphocytes (γδ IEL) play a crucial role in maintaining friendly relations between gut microbes and intestinal lining. These cells patrol intestinal borders, sensing microbial invasion and producing antibiotic proteins to prevent rogue bacteria from spreading to deeper tissue.
The study classifies gut microbiota into three distinct groups: Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus. This classification is associated with variations in nutrient uptake and medicine efficiency. The research also reveals connections between the gut type and BMI, obesity, and vitamin production.
Researchers have identified a gene that controls the behavior of stem cells in the intestine, which can lead to bowel cancers. The team aims to grow healthy stem cells into transplant tissues to replace damaged intestines, potentially treating patients with Crohn's disease and some cancers.
A recent study published in Environmental Microbiology and Nature Reviews Microbiology reveals that E.coli O157:H7 can thrive in cow intestines due to its ability to scavenge ethanolamine, a nutrient not found by other bacteria. This breakthrough could lead to non-medical methods to eradicate the bug, reducing food contamination and hu...
Researchers at UC Davis discovered that Salmonella bacteria create an environment in the human intestine to enhance its reproductive success. The bacteria use tetrathionate respiration, a sulfur compound produced by the immune system's response, to outgrow beneficial microbes and promote severe diarrhea.
A major study funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation investigates whether gut microbes contribute to severe malnutrition in infants. Researchers at WashU Medicine will compare intestinal microbes of severely malnourished twins with healthy twins, exploring their role in malnutrition's complex interplay with diet and human genome.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in developing a safer, fully-synthetic version of heparin, a widely used blood thinner currently produced from pig intestines. The new synthesis method uses powerful enzymes to produce the pure heparin polymer, boosting production a million times higher than previous methods.
Researchers deliver genetically engineered T-reg cells to the intestine to suppress inflammation and autoimmunity. The 'bystander' effect enables these cells to target diseased tissue, suppressing inflammatory cells and promoting healing.
Scientists discovered that bare subatomic protons can act like neurotransmitters, making gut muscles contract in round worms. The researchers identified genes and proteins involved in the process and found proton pumps and receptors in human intestinal cells and brains.
Researchers from EMBL discovered that proteins regulating iron metabolism play a vital role in ensuring nutrient and water absorption in the intestine. The study found that mice lacking these proteins suffer from weight loss, dehydration, and impaired nutrient absorption.
Researchers found that delivering the IL-22 gene to the intestines of mice with ulcerative colitis reduced inflammation and enhanced mucus production. Local delivery of the IL-22 gene also neutralized chemical-induced intestinal inflammation in normal mice, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for UC.
A rapid molecular typing strategy can identify adenovirus types in two days, aiding in the selection of antiviral treatment and controlling outbreaks. The strategy's speed will help public health officials better understand adenovirus epidemiology.
Researchers at the University of Liverpool have identified a molecule in the intestine that can detect sugar content, which could lead to new treatments for diabetes and obesity. The sweet taste receptor is not only present in the tongue but also in the intestine, allowing it to monitor dietary sugars.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have found that protein CD36 facilitates the uptake of fatty acids and cholesterol in the proximal part of the intestine. The team believes that targeting this process may provide a useful tool for obesity treatment, as animals without CD36 absorb fat less efficiently and eat less.
A minimally invasive stenting procedure has shown promising results in treating chronic mesenteric ischemia, a condition similar to intestinal angina. The technique was successful in 96% of patients, with over 90% experiencing relief from abdominal pain and weight gain.
A multicenter randomized controlled trial involving 117 premature infants found that laparotomy and bowel resection and peritoneal drainage surgical approaches have essentially the same major outcomes in terms of patient survival. The study ends three decades of speculation and debate over which approach is more effective.
Two surgical procedures, laparotomy and bowel resection, and peritoneal drainage, were compared in a multi-center randomized controlled trial. The study found that patient survival rates and major outcomes were virtually identical between the two procedures.
Researchers have discovered a factor that enables V. cholerae bacteria to attach to intestinal cells, leading to colonization and disease. A new therapy approach is being developed based on this finding, which could improve vaccine efficacy.
Researchers discovered that around 3% of the bowel's surface area is covered in a glue-like substance that plugs gaps in healthy tissue. This finding may lead to new treatments for inflammatory bowel disease and explain the development of colon cancer.
A genetically modified bacterium, Lactococcus, has been engineered to produce a therapeutic protein that protects the epithelium and heals intestinal tissues. The bacteria shows great promise in treating both acute and chronic intestinal inflammation, including Crohn's disease.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have discovered a complex of two proteins in the intestine that plays a crucial role in cholesterol transport. Treating mice with ezetimibe disrupts this complex, leading to impaired cholesterol absorption, suggesting new therapeutic possibilities.
A study found that 78% of patients requiring intestine transplantation had elevated manganese levels, leading to liver complications. Routine blood tests can help identify high manganese levels and prevent associated neurological symptoms.
A new study published in the Journal of Perinatology reveals a growing incidence of gastroschisis in the U.S., particularly among mothers under 20 years old. Gastroschisis is a birth defect where the intestines develop outside the womb, and its mortality rate ranges from 3-8 percent.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have identified a nerve cell receptor as necessary for initiating inflammatory bowel disease. The study suggests that blocking the VR-1 receptor could halt the development of IBD in an animal model.
Researchers at EMBL and Harvard have discovered that hemochromatosis, a common inherited disease, is linked to liver issues rather than intestinal problems. The study found that the defective gene Hfe affects hepcidin production in the liver, leading to iron overload.
Researchers have discovered a novel protein, Ang4, produced by Paneth cells in the intestinal lining that can kill certain types of gut microbes. This finding suggests that Ang4 may play a crucial role in maintaining gut health and preventing infection.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that using Doppler technology to guide fluid administration during major surgery improves outcomes. Patients who received Doppler-guided care experienced shorter hospital stays, faster recovery, and less postoperative nausea and vomiting compared to those who received conventional care.
Researchers found that stressed mice exhibited increased diarrhoea responses to egg albumin, while non-stressed mice also showed occasional reactions. The study suggests chronic stress may contribute to food allergies and intestinal diseases like Crohn's disease.
Menkes' disease is a fatal illness caused by copper deficiency, affecting male infants typically, causing death by age 3. Researchers now study the normal function of the gene involved in development and what causes its absence or defect., The disease is named for John Menkes who first described it at Columbia University in 1962.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center are performing the first amniotic exchange procedure in the US to treat gastroschisis. The procedure involves removing caustic amniotic fluid and replacing it with sterile saline solution to improve fetal outcomes.
Celiac disease patients have higher zonulin levels, which contribute to intestinal permeability and immune system modulation. Increased zonulin is also linked to other autoimmune disorders such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Deep-sea divers may benefit from bacterial supplements that reduce dissolved hydrogen in their blood, mitigating the risk of decompression sickness. Researchers have found that methane-producing microorganisms can help alleviate symptoms.