Articles tagged with Intestines
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UC Davis Health researchers found that dietary fiber acts as the right fuel to help intestinal cells maintain gut health. The beneficial microbes metabolize indigestible fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids, signaling cells to maximize oxygen consumption and limit harmful microbes.
A new dissolvable device made from polyethylene glycol and dihydroxyacetone has shown promise in preventing intestinal damage during surgical incisions. The flexible material can be left behind in the abdominal cavity, protecting vital structures until the final sutures are made.
Acute or chronic gut issues can arise from excessive exercise, leading to compromised gut function and increased risk of health complications. Low to moderate physical activity may be beneficial for patients with irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease.
Researchers developed a pill-form delivery system for DNA-based vaccines and gene therapies using a corn-based protein and chitosan. The bi-particle protected the synthetic DNA from stomach enzymes and delivered it to intestinal cells, triggering an immune response in mice.
Recent clinical trials show biologics like infliximab and adalimumab promote 28-33% mucosal healing in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Researchers aim to develop new treatments targeting inflammation differently.
Researchers found that intestinal stem cells lose regenerative capacity with age and that reactivating Wnt signaling can restore healthy function in older people. The study suggests a possible therapeutic approach to address imbalances in food and nutrient absorption, which may be linked to diminished Wnt signaling.
Researchers found abnormal antibody levels in HIV-1-infected individuals, suggesting an important factor contributing to the failure of the gut to prevent microbial invasion. The study revealed a significant elevation of immunoglobulin M levels and decreased ratios of IgG/IgM and IgA/IgM in HIV-1-infected patients.
Researchers have discovered that mice infected with the common gut parasite Tritrichomonas muris are at an increased risk of developing inflammatory colitis. The study highlights the need for a better understanding of cross-kingdom interactions between host and protozoa within the gastrointestinal tract.
A University of California, Irvine study found that beneficial gut microbes produce proteins called microcins, which help block illness-causing bacteria like salmonella and invasive E. coli in inflamed intestines. The researchers hope to develop targeted antibiotics based on these findings.
Researchers found a link between necrotizing enterocolitis and mitochondrial metabolism, which generates energy for cells. The study suggests a genetic deficiency may trigger the disease, which affects up to 10% of premature infants and is fatal 25-35% of the time.
A recent case report highlights the dangers of alternative therapies in children, leading to severe symptoms such as vomiting, constipation, and weight loss. In another case, a woman developed tick-borne illness, including seizures and multiorgan failure, after removing a tick from her skin.
Scientists have established the first public collection of bacteria from the intestine of mice, providing comprehensive information on the mouse gut microbiota. The collection includes 76 cultured bacterial species, including 15 previously unknown taxa, and sheds light on the interactions between gut bacteria and their host.
Research from Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute shows that cell recycling in the intestine is crucial for healthy aging, leading to longer lifespans.
Research at Washington University School of Medicine found that a metabolite produced by beneficial gut microbes restricts the proliferation of intestinal stem cells. This limits the intestine's ability to repair itself after injury or damage, potentially hampering treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
A new study finds that probiotic bacteria can reduce cadmium absorption in the intestines of mice by mitigating oxidative stress. The research provides evidence that probiotics can inhibit the toxic effects of cadmium on the gut barrier, potentially offering a solution to heavy metal contamination in public health.
A new study reveals that food components can significantly influence the intestinal immune system by binding to an important controller, the Ah receptor. The researchers found that the interaction between the Ah receptor and its repressor is crucial for balancing the immune response.
Researchers discovered a rare example of cooperation between different bacteria species in the human gut. Bacteroides ovatus digests a complex carbohydrate, providing benefits to other species in return.
Researchers at Georgia State University identified a new factor, IL-36, that promotes intestinal inflammation but also helps to resolve it. The study highlights the complex role of immune system balance in IBD and emphasizes the importance of understanding disease timing and phase for effective treatments.
A new study led by TSRI scientists has found that oxygen sensing in the brain plays a role in metabolism and internal state sensing. The research discovered a connection between oxygen levels and fat reserves in animal models, suggesting a possible mechanism for regulating metabolism in humans.
A study published in Nature Microbiology found that Akkermansia muciniphila and other anaerobic bacteria temporarily bloom in response to injury, contributing to wound healing. The researchers suggest exploiting these microbes as treatments for inflammatory bowel disease.
New research reveals that neurons in the gut play a crucial role in regulating inflammation and protecting intestinal tissue from over-reacting. The study, published in Cell, found that specific types of macrophages are activated by signals from neurons to prevent excessive inflammation.
A new study reveals that blocking the production of a naturally occurring protein responsible for transporting fats around the body increases life span in nematodes and mice. The research suggests that this protein, VIT, hinders essential cell functions and prevents the reuse of fats for healthier purposes.
Researchers found that vitamin A converts 'angry' immune cells into inflammation suppressors, reducing the severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in mice. This discovery adds to evidence of vitamin A's anti-inflammatory properties and could lead to new treatments for premature infants with severe bowel disease.
Researchers from Johns Hopkins Medicine have successfully grown a healthy intestine in a lab using stem cells and a 3-D scaffold. The lab-grown intestine regenerated gut tissue in dogs with missing gut lining, offering hope for the development of an implantable replacement intestine.
Researchers found that co-culturing pathogenic E. coli with nonpathogenic strains in mice increased sickness and severity of symptoms. The study suggests that analyzing gut flora may help predict disease outcome and treatment effectiveness.
Analyzing intestinal bacteria could predict health outcomes as we age. The study discovered changes in gut microbes precede and predict the death of fruit flies.
Researchers found that nematode worms commonly inhabit slugs, woodlice, and centipedes, using them as public transport to find new food sources. The worms survive inside slug intestines and are excreted alive, suggesting a potentially harmless but also possibly parasitic association.
Researchers at MIT successfully engineered Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron to express genes on demand, allowing for precise control over its functions in the mouse gut microbiome. This breakthrough has significant implications for tackling health-related problems and may lead to the development of new therapeutic applications.
A team of researchers found that retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A, is necessary for innate immune cells to find their proper place in the intestine. The study reveals the specific role vitamin A plays in the immune system and its influence on cell migration.
Researchers discovered that Snai1 protein controls the fate of intestinal stem cells in mice, regulating their survival and differentiation. By reducing Snai1 activity, intestinal stem cells shifted towards secretory roles, impairing regeneration and promoting tumor growth.
Listeria uses distinct tactics to breach the intestine and placenta, utilizing protein phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3-K) for invasion. The study uncovers key differences in Listeria's internalin proteins and their role in PI3-K activation.
Researchers discovered that the intestinal immune system controls energy metabolism and can modify intestinal bacteria to prevent obesity and diabetes. By disabling a protein called MyD88, the team showed that mice can lose weight and reduce inflammation.
Researchers have discovered a way to grow a human norovirus by identifying a cell it targets in the intestine, enabling the study of its replication and potential treatments. The virus targets B cells, rather than intestinal epithelial cells, and is aided by gut bacteria in its infection process.
Researchers have successfully transplanted human intestinal organoids into mice, creating a model to study intestinal diseases and potentially treat conditions like Crohn's disease. The findings could lead to bioengineering personalized human intestinal tissue for treatment.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo have successfully treated chronic, precancerous inflammation in the intestine using an oral biologic medication. The study found that targeting disease-promoting inflammatory cells can render them less able to cause disease, offering a promising avenue for site-specific oral therapy.
Researchers identified a gene called AMPK that can slow the aging process throughout the entire body when activated remotely in key organ systems. Activating AMPK in fruit flies increased their lifespans by about 30 percent and kept them healthier longer.
New research at Rockefeller University reveals how IELs develop to protect the intestinal epithelium, a critical interface between the gut and body. Understanding this pathway may lead to new insights into inflammatory diseases of the gut and cancer.
A new disposable biosensor may help physicians determine which patients can safely be fed following surgery by monitoring intestinal movements. The device, AbStats, uses sound waves to measure the rate of acoustic events in the intestines, allowing doctors to make evidence-based decisions about post-operative feeding.
Researchers found that dietary capsaicin triggers a reaction that reduces the risk of colorectal tumors in mice. Chronic activation of the TRPV1 receptor by capsaicin also initiates a negative feedback on EGFR, dampening its activity and reducing unwanted growth.
A new imaging agent has been developed for functional imaging of the intestine, potentially leading to better diagnosis and treatment of gut diseases. The agent uses a combination of photoacoustic imaging and positron emission tomography to provide high-definition images of the intestine in relation to the entire body.
Macrophages play a crucial role in regulating intestinal movements, and their interaction with the nervous system is adaptable to changes in the bacterial environment. The discovery may lead to new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
A study by UC Riverside researchers reveals that certain cells in the intestinal and respiratory systems have an electrostatic repulsion field, protecting against bacterial and viral infections. This finding could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of certain infections.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine found that inhibiting a protein family helps mice survive radiation exposure. The study suggests a possible treatment for people unintentionally exposed to large amounts of radiation. The technique protected intestinal cells from damage, reducing side effects like diarrhea and nausea.
Researchers studied E. coli evolution in mice guts, finding rapid emergence of advantageous mutations and large genetic variation over time. The study demonstrates complexity of gut microbiota and opens room for new strategies to fight disease by manipulating gut microbes.
Researchers discovered that fermentable fibers help regulate glucose production in the intestine, reducing the risk of diabetes and obesity. Animals fed a fiber-rich diet became less fat and developed insulin sensitivity.
Researchers at UCSB have identified a way to change one cell type into another using transcription factor ELT-7, which was previously thought to be exclusive to early embryonic cells. The discovery opens up new possibilities for regenerative medicine and could potentially allow for the creation of entire organs from scratch.
Researchers at Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine have discovered that combined radiation and burn injuries trigger 100 times greater bacterial leakage across the intestinal lining, leading to sepsis and death. This finding could lead to new treatments for survivors of nuclear disasters.
A team of researchers found multiple roundworm eggs in soil samples taken from Richard III's pelvis, indicating a genuine infection. The presence of no eggs in skull soil and few in surrounding grave soil suggests the infection was internal, not from external contamination.
Research reveals that individuals with lower bacterial species in their intestines are more susceptible to developing complications related to obesity, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. A diverse flora appears to play a crucial role in maintaining overall health.
A study by the University of Adelaide found that people with type 2 diabetes have defective gut taste mechanisms that lead to rapid glucose uptake. This suggests that the gut plays a crucial role in regulating glucose levels beyond insulin function.
Recent studies suggest that HB-EGF can protect the intestines from various types of injury, including those caused by radiation therapy. The protein's ability to decrease harmful substance production and promote cell growth makes it a promising therapeutic option for treating necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns.
A new study reveals that SIGIRR protein suppresses the gut's immune response to bacteria, allowing beneficial microorganisms to thrive. This balance is crucial in preventing infection and inflammatory diseases.
A new study reveals that all children with Crohn's disease have a common enterovirus in their intestines, suggesting an important connection between the virus and the chronic inflammatory intestinal disorder. The findings could pave the way for a better understanding of the disease's cause.
Researchers found that intestinal stem-cell regeneration in fruit flies varies with the time of day, with gut healing being more effective at certain times. This study sheds light on how circadian rhythms control daily functions and has potential applications for human health, including optimizing chemotherapy timing.
Stem cells from amniotic fluid have been shown to repair gut damage and improve survival rates in rodents with intestinal damage. The study found that these cells work by releasing growth factors that reduce inflammation and trigger the formation of new tissues.
The study found that green leafy vegetables interact with a cell surface receptor to switch on the T-bet gene, producing innate lymphoid cells crucial for immune surveillance and gut health. These immune cells may aid in treating bacterial infections, promoting good bacteria, and preventing bowel cancers.
Adult stem cells have been identified that can migrate to the intestine and produce intestinal cells, suggesting their potential to treat inflammatory bowel disease. The cells were found to express high levels of a receptor involved in tissue repair and wound closure.
Researchers at UC Davis have uncovered a biological mechanism by which harmful bacteria thrive in the guts of those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The discovery may lead to new treatments with fewer side effects than current therapies, targeting molecular pathways that generate nitric oxide and nitrate.
Researchers analyzed microbial DNA in 252 stool samples to catalog genetic variation, finding over 10 million single-letter changes in collective DNA. The data could aid understanding of how human genes interact with microbes to maintain health or cause disease.
A study found that adding the prebiotic fructooligosacharide (FOS) to the diets of pediatric patients with intestinal failure can increase gut growth and function. The prebiotic converts into butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid that enhances nutrient digestion and absorption.