Articles tagged with Liver
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A new analysis predicts a sharp rise in alcohol-related liver disease in the US, with over 1 million deaths projected by 2040. Reducing high-risk drinking rates could prevent 299,000 deaths compared to the status quo scenario.
A study by Curtin University found that tiger snakes living in Perth's urban wetlands are accumulating toxic heavy metals in their livers, suggesting habitat contamination. The snakes' bioaccumulation of heavy metals through eating frogs indicates the wetlands' pollution levels are a concern for local biodiversity.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have created fully functional mini livers using skin cells from human volunteers. The lab-made organs were then transplanted into rats, with results showing they survived for four days and functioned like a normal liver.
Researchers at Okayama University have developed a model showing how liver cancer stem cells are born from normal stem cells under specific environmental conditions. The study successfully established liver CSCs without genetic manipulation, providing a crucial tool for further research and potential targeted therapies.
Women awaiting liver transplants face higher mortality rates than men due to various factors, including geographic location and medical urgency. Liver size also plays a role in these disparities, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address sex-based inequalities.
A team of researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital has identified key molecular step stones in ALD that may provide targets for drug therapy development. The study found that cGAS and Cx32 are promising potential molecular targets for ALD treatment development.
A Baylor University study found that exposure to obesogens, chemical compounds disrupting normal metabolic processes, can lead to increased susceptibility to weight gain across the lifespan. The study highlights the potential effects of chemicals in consumer products on lipid-related diseases, including obesity and fatty liver disease.
Researchers have identified three new genes that play a role in preventing fatty liver development. The genes IRGM, Ifgga2, and Ifgga4 produce regulatory proteins that counteract fat accumulation in the liver, but genetic variations lead to reduced protein production, resulting in increased fat content.
Melbourne researchers have identified a microscopic protein, RPL6, that can be added to a malaria vaccine for efficient protection. The combination offered complete protection against malaria in mice, building upon the 2016 discovery of T cells resident in the liver and the 'prime and trap' vaccination strategy.
Researchers have collaborated on developing new drugs that can effectively reduce the growth of cysts in the liver and kidneys, offering a promising therapeutic option for this genetic disorder. The drugs, based on the structure of bile acid UDCA, show promise in blocking the growth of cysts in an animal model.
NAFLD affects 5.7% of adults in the US, progressing to cirrhosis in 39% over 8 years, with risk factors including cardiovascular disease and high cholesterol.
A study published in Hepatology reveals that Annexin A6 is essential for liver regeneration after a transplant or hepatic surgery. The protein helps maintain glucose homeostasis, allowing the liver to recover and restore its functions.
A study at The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute found that growth hormone boosts liver regeneration in mice by suppressing inflammatory responses. Mice with normal growth hormone receptors survived liver surgery and experienced full liver regeneration.
Conditional knockout of the mouse def gene in hepatocytes leads to cell morphology abnormality, constant inflammatory cells infiltration, and multiple tissue damage foci. Partial hepatectomy causes sudden acute death in def conditional knockout mice, which is rescued by dexamethasone treatment.
Research reveals TGF-β-driven reduction of cytoglobin (CYGB) in HSCs leads to oxidative DNA damage and liver fibrosis in NASH. CYGB has a protective effect on hepatic parenchymal cells by scavenging hydroxyl radicals.
A 30-year study on Crigler-Najjar syndrome reveals the clinical course of 28 individuals with high bilirubin levels, demonstrating the effectiveness of phototherapy and liver transplantation. Early intervention is critical, and treatment delays increase brain damage risk.
Researchers found dihydromyricetin (DHM) activates mechanisms that quickly metabolize alcohol and reduce liver harm. The study supports DHM as a dietary supplement to offset acute and long-term risks of alcohol consumption.
The Position Paper provides recommendations for clinicians treating patients with chronic liver diseases during the pandemic, including prioritizing outpatient care and reducing direct exposure to COVID-19. The paper aims to support clinicians in providing best possible care despite limited healthcare resources.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology have successfully created 3D cultured tissue that mimics liver fibrosis, a key characteristic of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The cells were collected from liver tissues of NASH model mice and showed characteristics similar to those of NASH liver tissues.
Researchers investigated three non-invasive methods to predict nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) based on risk factors. However, the methods agreed only about 20% of the time, indicating a need for better and more reliable non-invasive diagnostic tools.
Researchers found that bariatric surgery significantly decreased liver enzymes, Fatty Liver Index, and BARD score in patients with NAFLD. Gastric bypass was associated with the greatest reduction in liver damage.
A new UCL study found that heavy drinking over a lifetime significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and liver damage in older adults. Heavy drinking is also associated with a larger waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) in later life, even if it's stopped before age 50.
The REVITA-2 study found that Revita DMR therapy significantly improved blood glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, and liver measures in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. The treatment, which involves duodenal mucosal resurfacing, reduced insulin resistance and improved metabolic health.
Research shows female mice accumulate more liver fat than males but are better at using it up, potentially benefiting women's health. Fasting may be beneficial for women specifically due to its impact on liver health.
MIT biological engineers develop a multitissue model of the colon and liver, revealing how different tissues contribute to inflammatory diseases. The study finds that metabolic byproducts generated by bacteria play an important role in exacerbating inflammation.
Researchers redefine Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) as Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), a condition characterized by liver fat build-up affecting over 1 billion people. The new definition aims to improve treatment pathways, trial design, and drug development for this disease.
A ketogenic diet reduced liver fat content and improved insulin resistance in overweight participants. The diet also increased hydrolysis of triglycerides and promoted ketogenesis, suggesting a possible mechanism for reversing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
A new study from the University of California, Davis found that ibuprofen causes significant changes in liver enzymes in laboratory mice. The research highlights marked differences in how males and females metabolize the drug, with potential implications for human health.
Researchers found that intermittent fasting affects liver enzymes and fatty acid metabolism in mice, revealing a surprising role played by the HNF4-alpha protein. This knowledge can help develop new interventions for cancer, cardiovascular, and diabetes diseases.
A new technology has been used to investigate the cellular processes involved in liver fibrosis development, revealing key genes and cell types that correlate with fibrogenesis. The findings have potential applications for diagnostic tools and therapies.
Research reveals glucose acts as a molecular switch regulating SIRT1's function, impacting gene expression and metabolic flexibility. Glucose modification affects organismal health, with both over-activation and under-activation linked to diseases.
Researchers found that liver fibrosis is tied to a specific type of heart failure, known as preserved ejection fraction heart failure (HFpEF), which affects people with and without HIV and hepatitis C. The study suggests that preventing liver fibrosis may be crucial in reducing the risk of HFpEF.
Yale scientists have discovered the molecular mechanisms that trigger metabolic imbalance between glucose production and energy utilization in the liver. They found that a protein called INSP3R1 regulates both gluconeogenesis and fat oxidation in response to glucagon, providing new insights into glucagon biology.
The study reveals a significant increase in survival rates after liver transplantation in the UK, with improvements seen in both short-time and long-term outcomes. The advancements are attributed to better surgical techniques and immunosuppression strategies.
A novel cause of fatty liver disease has been discovered in lean individuals undergoing immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Researchers report a case of a woman who experienced severe inflammation of her subcutaneous fat and developed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor Nivolumab.
A recent study published in Drug Metabolism and Disposition found that mice with drug-induced liver damage can safely take medications for diabetes, hypertension, and depression at lower doses. This breakthrough suggests that people with damaged livers may be able to continue taking life-saving medications while healing.
Researchers have discovered a molecular pathway that, when silenced, restores immune cells' normal function in people with fatty liver disease. Silencing a microRNA molecule called miR144 increases the endogenous antioxidant response, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy for treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Researchers created a map of molecules in mouse organs, revealing that microbes control bile acid structure. This modification changes how cells communicate and genes are expressed, potentially affecting disease development. Novel microbial-modified bile acids were found in up to 25% of human samples.
A new website, transplantcentersearch.org, allows patients to compare transplant centers for kidney, liver, heart and lung transplants. The tool uses data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients to match factors important to each individual.
Research finds that persistent NRF2 activation may contribute to enlarged liver and fatty liver diseases, affecting over 200 million worldwide. AKT inhibitors show promise in treating hepatomegaly.
A protein called interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays a significant role in the spread of colorectal cancer to other parts of the body, particularly the liver. Suppressing IL-6 expression can enhance anti-tumor immune functions and improve patient survival.
Researchers at UCLA have identified a method to track the treatment of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) in children by measuring the levels of micro-RNA 122. This non-invasive marker may be used to diagnose and monitor the disease without biopsies.
Scientists at UNIGE discovered a protein, S100A11, that promotes inflammation and build-up of fibrous tissue in the liver, increasing cancer severity. The presence of S100A11 in blood may enable early detection through simple blood sampling, paving the way for targeted therapies.
A recent study published in the journal AIDS found that vitamin E improves liver function and reduces fat in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and HIV. The treatment was well-tolerated and showed more significant improvements than reported in the general population.
Researchers found that green tea extract and exercise reduced fatty liver deposits by 75% in mice fed a high-fat diet, suggesting a potential health strategy for people. The study also showed increased gene expression related to energy metabolism in mice treated with both green tea extract and exercise.
The new guidelines offer 29 evidence-based recommendations for managing adult acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure in the ICU, covering cardiovascular, hematologic, pulmonary, renal, and endocrine considerations. The guidelines also highlight areas needing further research to inform clinical practice.
A multi-center study has identified a research-based ultrasound screening method that can predict which children with cystic fibrosis are at higher risk for advanced liver disease. The test shows promise in identifying patients who could benefit from targeted therapies to prevent the development of this life-threatening condition.
Researchers developed a CRISPR gene-editing technique that prevented genetic liver disease in mice by introducing a 'minigene' that expresses the enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase. The approach showed promise for treating rare metabolic disorders and other hereditary diseases.
A hybrid approach combining gene therapy and gene editing successfully treated an experimental model of a rare genetic disease, significantly enhancing survival. The findings could offer hope for children and adults with various inborn errors of metabolism.
Researchers have discovered high levels of PFAS chemicals in the blood of Cape Fear River striped bass, which are associated with altered immune and liver functions. The study found elevated concentrations of PFOS and Nafion byproduct 2, particularly in smaller or younger fish, highlighting the unique properties of these chemicals.
A Cedars-Sinai team will investigate the interplay between dietary fat and fatty liver disease to understand how cancer spreads to the liver and find ways to block it. The study aims to identify key mechanisms that allow cancer to spread to the liver and develop potential treatments.
University of California San Diego School of Medicine researchers identify a molecular pathway that allows nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to progress into liver cell death. They found that suppressing AMPK and increasing caspase-6 activity can stop progression from fatty liver to NASH and subsequent liver cell death.
Researchers have discovered that indole, a natural compound found in gut bacteria and cruciferous vegetables, can reduce inflammation and fatty deposits in the liver. This study provides hope for new treatments and preventive measures for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
A team of Yale researchers has discovered a way to reverse type-2 diabetes and liver fibrosis in mice, highlighting the potential for targeting TET3 protein. The studies, published in Cell Reports and Nature Communications, also suggest that TET3 plays a role in fibrosis development and may be a key target for treatment.
Researchers found improved survival times of 13.6 months and 17.8 months for uveal melanoma patients with liver metastasis treated with new therapies, compared to 5.3 months in earlier years. The shift from systemic chemotherapy to targeted liver treatments has led to significant benefits.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine identified genetic switches that determine whether or not liver cells produce collagen, leading to a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. By manipulating these transcription factors, liver fibrosis progression can be addressed.
Researchers at University College London discovered that T cells in the liver can 'recycle' material through autophagy, a process enabled by the cytokine IL-15. This breakthrough could lead to more effective immunotherapies for cancer and chronic viral infections.
New study finds liver mesenchymal stromal cells have immunoregulatory qualities making them more effective than similar cells derived from bone marrow and fat tissue. The discovery could lead to better treatment options for diseases like organ rejection, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune disorders.
Scientists discovered that magnetic nanoparticles can target and treat liver fibrosis by delivering drugs to the affected tissue, reducing inflammation and improving liver function. This new approach offers a potential solution for treating this fatal illness with improved patient outcomes.
Researchers found that estrogen regulates accumulation of immune cells in the liver, promoting tumor growth and immune suppression. The study suggests exploring sex hormones in female cancer patients and using anti-estrogen drugs to improve immunotherapy outcomes.