Articles tagged with Liver
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A UK study found that over 20% of young adults have fatty liver disease, with those who are overweight or obese at greatest risk. The research highlights the need for improved liver health awareness and management among this age group.
Researchers develop machine that repairs injured human livers and keeps them alive for a week outside the body. The technology increases the number of available organs for transplantation, saving lives of patients with severe liver diseases or cancer.
Cynthia Ju, a UTHealth scientist, has been awarded $3.6 million in NIH grants to investigate molecules linked to liver injuries. Her research aims to identify potential therapeutic targets to enhance or block the activity of these molecules.
SIRT6, a longevity protein, plays a crucial role in burning and regulating liver fat metabolism. By activating PPAR-alpha, it promotes fat burning and protects against fatty liver and obesity-related damage.
Research led by UMass Amherst scientist Alexander Suvorov identified the mechanism responsible for flame retardant's effect: an altered liver epigenome. Perinatal exposure permanently changed liver metabolism in rats, potentially applicable to humans.
Researchers propose using transient elastography as a screening method for detecting liver fibrosis in primary care. The study shows that this approach is highly cost-effective and can improve patient outcomes, with a 12% probability of cost saving.
Lylex Pharmaceuticals is developing compounds targeting key enzymes responsible for organ damage, inflammation and rejection after transplant. The lead compound has shown high potency while minimizing toxic effects.
A new study found that an existing antiviral treatment is effective against both the hepatitis C virus and potentially fatal complications such as reduced liver functioning and cirrhosis. The treatment also improves cognitive function, with patients experiencing improved reaction times.
A global clinical trial has demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of an oral medication to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a chronic liver disease. The treatment, obeticholic acid, showed the ability to reverse liver scarring in patients most at risk for irreversible liver damage.
Scientists have developed a 3D model of the human liver to improve diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The model reveals new critical tissue alterations, providing insights into pathophysiology and contributing to high-definition medical diagnosis.
A study by Adrien Guillot et al. found that knockout of the ALDH-2 enzyme in mice reduces excessive but not moderate alcohol seeking activity. Targeting this enzyme specifically in the liver may prevent heavy drinking without affecting moderate consumption.
Researchers found that type I interferon disrupts the urea cycle in liver cells, leading to altered serum metabolite concentrations and reduced liver pathology. This regulation affects antiviral immunity and reduces liver damage.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute have discovered a little-known protein that plays a crucial role in managing glucose and insulin levels in the body. The protein, PGRMC2, acts as a chaperone for heme, a molecule essential for cellular processes, and its absence is linked to obesity and metabolic diseases.
A recent study by researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina found that ammonia levels do not predict the severity of disease or guide clinical management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients. Cirrhotic patients with HE symptoms receive the same lactulose treatment regimen regardless of their blood ammonia levels.
Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine successfully applied phage therapy in mice for a condition not considered a classic bacterial infection: alcoholic liver disease. Phages target the cytolysin toxin produced by Enterococcus faecalis, reducing bacteria and alleviating liver damage.
Researchers successfully applied phage therapy to mice with alcohol-related liver disease, eradicating the disease by targeting destructive gut bacteria. Nearly 90% of patients with cytolysin-positive alcoholic hepatitis died within 180 days, but phage therapy showed promise in treating the condition.
Research suggests that impaired liver function during pregnancy can lead to altered gut bacteria composition in children, increasing the risk of obesity. Maintaining a healthy diet and targeting gut microbiome composition with pre-biotics or pro-biotics may help prevent childhood obesity.
Researchers found budesonide reduced serious side effects like new onset diabetes and bone loss in liver transplant patients, while maintaining comparable organ rejection rates to prednisone. The study involved 20 patients and showed lower infection rates and improved blood sugar control.
A high-caloric diet alters the time-of-day dependent metabolic cycle in mice, suggesting lean and obese patients may respond differently to steroid therapy. The study also highlights the biological function of daily hormone secretion cycles and their impact on sugar and fat storage or release by the liver.
Researchers found that artificial intelligence can detect subtle language changes in patients with failing livers, suggesting a potential diagnostic tool for early identification of cognitive issues. Following a liver transplant, patients returned to normal or near-normal language patterns.
A new study reveals that the Liver-Chip model can recreate species-specific toxicity responses to known tool and drug compounds, improving safety predictions in humans. The research demonstrates how this platform could help ensure that safe and effective therapeutics are identified sooner.
Researchers have identified a molecule called TET1 that enables adult liver cells to regenerate. The discovery provides a potential target for drugs to treat chronic liver diseases, where regeneration is impaired.
Researchers at Seattle Children's describe how malaria Plasmodium parasites prepare a blueprint of proteins needed to infect the liver while waiting in mosquito salivary glands. This knowledge may lead to new strategies to block transmission and ultimately eradicate malaria.
A clinical trial will investigate the use of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) to improve liver function and mortality in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. The study, led by IU School of Medicine researcher Suthat Liangpunsakul, aims to provide new avenues for treating this condition.
Researchers at Georgia State University have developed a protein-based contrast agent that can detect early-stage liver diseases, including liver fibrosis, with high accuracy and sensitivity. The new method uses a lower dosage of contrast metal gadolinium, reducing the risk of metal toxicity and enabling earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin developed a new diagnostic technique using tomoelastography to visualize liver tumor mechanical properties. The study found that hepatic malignancies contain tissues with both stiff and fluid properties, contrary to previous assumptions.
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba found that deleting Elovl6 specifically in liver cells protects mice from developing insulin resistance due to excessive sugar consumption. However, this deletion has no effect when combined with a high-fat diet, highlighting the complexity of lipid metabolism in the liver.
A new study found that DNA mutations common in liver cancer are also present in healthy livers, accumulating over time to lead to chronic liver disease. The study provides unprecedented detail on how these genetic changes develop and offers a potential way to predict individual risk of liver cancer.
A new study published in Cancer Research found that excess fat in the liver impairs a tumor-suppressing protein named HNF4α, increasing cancer risk. The research provides potential mechanisms for the growing incidence of liver cancer linked to fatty liver disease.
Scientists have identified two cellular families involved in liver injury and cancer, with one protein acting as a 'brake' on scar tissue production. The study, published in Nature Communications, sheds new light on the mechanisms behind scarring and its complications in liver disease.
Researchers found that altering Sox9 gene expression modifies Alagille syndrome liver disease severity, from mild to severe cases. Increasing Sox9 levels improved biliary duct development without tumor formation.
A new therapy shows promise in reducing liver fat and fibrosis in people with HIV, a form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The study found that tesamorelin reduced liver fat by 37% and slowed the progression of fibrosis in treated subjects.
Researchers found that tesamorelin reduced liver fat and prevented liver fibrosis in people living with HIV. The study showed a 37% relative reduction in liver fat fraction and a significant decrease in blood markers associated with inflammation and liver damage.
Researchers created a comprehensive atlas of human liver cell changes during fetal development, revealing how stem cells support high oxygen demand. The study improves our understanding of normal development and will aid efforts to tackle diseases like leukemia and immune disorders.
Researchers found a significant association between psoriasis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) severity, with higher psoriasis severity linked to more severe hepatic damage. The study suggests that patients with both conditions should be closely monitored and managed to prevent worsening of both diseases.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh have identified three new sub-types of cells involved in liver scarring, accelerating the disease progression. The discovery is expected to accelerate the development of new treatments for liver diseases, which affect one in five people in the UK.
Researchers at UMD have identified a new pathway by which liver macrophages capture fungi in the bloodstream, preventing their spread and potentially treating various types of fungal infections. This discovery has significant implications for the treatment of invasive fungal infections, which kill 1.5 million people worldwide each year.
A study from University of California - San Diego outlines a fundamental process for liver macrophage specialization, enabling future research into macrophage malfunction's contribution to liver disease. The team identified key genetic and molecular changes that occur during the two-week differentiation process.
Researchers found that high fructose diets specifically inhibit the liver's ability to metabolize fat, while glucose improves fat-burning function. High fructose diets damage liver mitochondria, leading to an increase in fatty liver disease risk and metabolic syndrome.
A large registry-based study found that current scoring systems have moderate reliability in predicting severe liver disease risk. The study identified individuals with normal scores as being at a very low risk of developing severe liver disease, highlighting the need for new methods to detect those at higher risk.
The prevalence of NAFLD is rising due to a preventable epidemic, with over half of adults and one third of children classified as overweight or obese. The condition is linked to lack of physical activity, excess calorie intake, and sugary drinks.
Scientists at Cincinnati Children's developed the world's first three-organoid system, growing a connected set of mini human organs including liver, pancreas, and biliary ducts. The breakthrough allows for studying organ function in concert, reducing animal-based medication studies and accelerating precision medicine.
A recent UCSF study revealed that unauthorized immigrant recipients of liver transplants in the US have similar three-year survival rates as US citizens. Despite this, disparities in access to life-saving organs vary widely by state due to policies and provider attitudes.
Researchers found that microcystin can significantly amplify non-alcoholic fatty liver disease even at low levels. The toxin was processed differently in the kidneys of mice with pre-existing liver disease, suggesting a need for special preventative guidelines.
Researchers discovered that a common type of gut bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae, produces high levels of alcohol in the body and can cause liver damage even in non-drinkers. The study found that 60% of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) had high- and medium-alcohol-producing K. pneumonia in their gut.
A new study found that even short-term reduction in physical activity led to decreased cardiorespiratory fitness, increased waist circumference, and insulin resistance in healthy adults. Resuming normal activity levels reversed these effects, highlighting the importance of staying physically active to offset negative consequences.
This observational study found that frailty and increased risk of death on the liver transplant waiting list differ by body mass index. The study suggests that heavier candidates may be more susceptible to mortality during the wait period.
Researchers at UNIGE found that the liver can produce glucose independently of hormonal signals, challenging the long-held belief about its role in glucose regulation. This autonomous glucose production may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes in patients with a fatty liver syndrome.
A new study in Diabetologia reveals that shorter individuals are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The research found that for every 10cm increase in height, the risk of type 2 diabetes decreased by 41% in men and 33% in women, adjusted for age and other factors.
A new technique has been developed to improve donated liver preservation by super-cooling it to subzero temperatures, allowing for a significant extension of the time it can be stored outside the body. This breakthrough could greatly expand organ availability and reduce discard rates.
Researchers develop new method to preserve human livers for transplantation, extending viability from 9 hours to up to 27 hours. The new protocol uses a combination of technologies to prevent ice nucleation and deliver protective solution uniformly throughout the organ.
A recent study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition has found that vitamin E absorption does not require concurrent consumption with fat. After 12 hours without eating, subjects who consumed a fat-containing meal showed significant absorption of vitamin E.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital developed a lab-on-a-chip platform to study non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression. The platform allows for detailed studies of NAFLD's effects on liver cells and evaluates the potential of investigational drugs.
Researchers from The Westmead Institute for Medical Research have discovered how fatty liver disease develops in lean people. Lean patients tend to have worse outcomes due to an 'obesity-resistant' profile, despite having higher levels of bile acids and FGF19, which increase energy expenditure.
A recent study published in the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics found that female rats who binge drink experience more severe liver injury than male rats. The research discovered nearly four times as much fatty build-up in the livers of female rats, triggering additional inflammation and damage.
Researchers have discovered that chronic liver diseases can cause cerebral molecular disturbances as early as two weeks after liver malfunction, even without physical symptoms. The study found two new molecules involved in the disease process: creatine and vitamin C.
The study reveals a high-definition picture of cell-to-cell signaling in the liver, identifying cellular changes that could drive nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression. Single-cell analysis also uncovers new information about star-shaped cells and their role in liver fibrosis.
A recent study published by Mount Sinai researchers found that fluoride exposure may contribute to complex changes in kidney and liver function among youth in the US. The findings suggest that adolescents with poorer kidney or liver function may absorb more fluoride, highlighting potential health concerns.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have successfully grown genetically modified miniature human livers in a laboratory setting. These mini livers mimic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression and can be used to test therapeutics, providing a valuable tool for understanding and treating diseases.
A team of researchers has developed a method to establish multicellular human liver organoids that show liver tissue characteristics down to the gene and protein scale. The livers were triggered with liver diseases, such as steatohepatitis, and showed increased levels of fibrosis indicators.