'Supersize me' mice research offers grim warning for America's fast food consumers
Saint Louis University research found that a diet of 40% fat and high-fructose corn syrup leads to fatty liver disease and type II diabetes, even in sedentary mice
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New study indicates that people may need more dietary choline than previously thought
Researchers found that adult men and postmenopausal women require significantly higher amounts of choline to prevent fatty liver and muscle damage. Eggs are an excellent source of this essential nutrient, providing nearly half the recommended daily supply per serving.
New Mayo Clinic MRI technology enables noninvasive liver diagnoses
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have developed a new imaging technique called magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to diagnose liver diseases. MRE accurately measures the hardness or elasticity of the liver, enabling non-invasive diagnosis of fibrosis and cirrhosis.
Cure for hepatitis C announced by VCU researcher
Researchers at VCU Medical Center report nearly all patients with hepatitis C treated successfully have no detectable virus after seven years. The study validates the use of 'cure' to describe successful treatment, offering hope for those affected by the disease.
The hepatitis C link: Diagnose, treat, transplant
Researchers have made significant advancements in diagnosing and treating chronic hepatitis C, with potential new markers for detecting liver cancer. Studies have also explored the role of autotaxin in linking hepatitis C to hepatocellular carcinoma.
New techniques redefine assessment of liver disease
Researchers introduce novel methods for evaluating patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including a blood test to determine caspase three-generated cytokeratin 18 fragment levels. These tests may help differentiate NASH from simple steatosis and predict treatment outcomes, potentially improving patient care.
Spotlight on liver disease: Improving today's treatments
New research explores liver biomarkers, disease complications, and novel treatments to improve outcomes in patients with liver disease. A study found that an elevated ALT/AST ratio can predict coronary atherosclerosis in women, independent of metabolic syndrome.
Could statins be a new option for hepatitis C patients?
Researchers found that statin therapy improved ALT values in chronic hepatitis C patients with abnormal liver enzymes. The study also showed a higher sustained viral response rate when adding statins to standard peginterferon and ribavirin treatment, suggesting a possible new treatment option.
Vascular and biliary complications after liver transplant can be reliably diagnosed when using CE-US
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CE-US) is highly accurate in identifying vascular and biliary complications after liver transplant, affecting up to 43.5% of patients. CE-US can accurately detect complications such as hepatic artery thrombosis, portal vein stenosis, and bile leaks.
CT and MRI accurate for pre-transplant evaluation of patients with cirrhosis
A recent study found that CT and MRI are highly accurate in determining optimal candidates for liver transplantation in patients with cirrhosis. The study demonstrated agreement between radiology and pathology staging in 96.5-97.5% of patients, supporting the use of imaging tools in candidate selection.
HCV patients survival after liver transplantation is not improving
A study of HCV patients post-liver transplantation reveals stagnant survival rates, contrasting with improving outcomes for non-HCV recipients. Researchers analyzed a large sample of US liver transplant data between 1991 and 2001, finding HCV patients had lower 3-year survival rates and no improvement in survival over time.
Liver stiffness indicates portal hypertension
A study found that liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography can predict severe portal hypertension in patients with hepatitis C-related cirrhosis. The technique is less invasive than traditional methods like HVPG measurement and shows promise for non-invasive diagnosis.
Racial disparities in treatment of patients with cirrhosis and complications of portal hypertension
A study of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and complications of portal hypertension reveals significant racial disparities in treatment, with African-American and Hispanic patients less likely to receive palliative shunts, liver transplants, and prompt endoscopy. These disparities were independent of health insurance status.
A cherry on top: Tart cherries may alter heart/diabetes factors
Researchers found that rats fed tart cherries had lower cholesterol, blood sugar, fat storage in the liver, oxidative stress, and improved fat handling. The study suggests a potential benefit from anthocyanin-rich foods like tart cherries for heart disease and diabetes prevention.
Correlation between bile duct obstruction and ductal cancer found
A recent study has established a significant correlation between bile duct obstruction and the growth rate of bile duct cancer cells in animals. In fact, cancer cells in obstructed bile ducts grew up to five times faster than those without obstruction, leading to increased metastasis outside the liver.
New test helps identify hepatitis C patients at high risk of developing cirrhosis
Researchers have developed a genetic test that can predict which hepatitis C patients are at high risk of developing cirrhosis. The test uses a 'Cirrhosis Risk Score' based on seven genes and has been validated in independent studies, offering hope for more targeted treatment.
Researchers find hepatitis A and hepatitis C attack same protein to block immune defenses
Hepatitis A and C viruses attack the same protein, MAVS, to block immune defenses, allowing them to survive in the liver. This discovery provides a new perspective on the chronicity of hepatitis C, a highly relevant virus clinically.
Liver regeneration may be simpler than previously thought
Researchers have discovered that liver regeneration is driven by an increase in cell multiplication through regular cell divisions, rather than relying on embryonic-like processes. This finding could lead to more effective ways to stimulate liver growth and potentially improve treatment options for patients with liver diseases.
Working up potential living liver donors
A 4-step process can be completed quickly and efficiently to assess potential living liver donors. Despite challenges, the process results in a significant proportion of donors undergoing successful transplantation, emphasizing the importance of careful workup and informed consent.
A simple new way to predict advanced fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Researchers developed a non-invasive method to predict advanced fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using routine clinical and laboratory values. The study found that age, hyperglycemia, body mass index, platelet count, albumin, and AST/ALT ratio were independent indicators of advanced liver fibrosis.
Something fishy in human blood could save lives
Scientists have identified a protein that excretes ammonia through pufferfish gills as similar to human Rh blood proteins, offering hope for people with liver and kidney disease. Targeting Rh proteins could lead to new treatments for removing toxic ammonia from the bloodstream.
UCSD researchers identify critical receptor in liver regeneration
Researchers at UCSD School of Medicine discovered a cellular receptor involved in triggering cell death is also necessary for tissue repair and regeneration after liver injury. p75 neurotrophin receptor promotes the initial activation of hepatic stellate cells to stimulate new hepatic cell proliferation.
Stem cells speed growth of healthy liver tissue
Using adult bone marrow stem cells, researchers successfully regenerated healthy liver tissue in patients, doubling the liver growth rate and allowing for earlier surgical resection. This therapy has potential as a treatment for regenerating livers damaged by other chronic and acute diseases.
1 surgery better than 2 for some colorectal cancer patients
Researchers found simultaneous surgeries on colon and liver may reduce length of hospital stay and surgical complications without compromising long-term survival. In certain patient groups, simultaneous surgery was as safe as separate surgeries, potentially leading to better outcomes.
Outcomes for patients with hepatitis B who need liver transplants
The study found that survival rates for patients with hepatitis B who need liver transplants are similar between those with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the higher likelihood of transplantation, 5-year survival rates were comparable between the two groups. The findings suggest that antiviral therapy may have bene...
Improving quality of life for patients with cirrhosis
A study found that lactulose improved cognitive function and health-related quality-of-life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy, a condition associated with advanced liver disease. The treatment showed significant improvement in emotional behavior, movement, mobility, sleep/rest, and recreational activities.
Sweat may pass on hepatitis B in contact sports
Research suggests sweat can carry hepatitis B virus, potentially transmitting the infection during contact sports. The study found that 13% of Olympic wrestlers had hidden or occult HBV infection and 11% had particles of the virus in their sweat.
Model for predicting survival in liver patients has many applications but could be refined further
The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) is an accurate predictor of liver disease survival, particularly useful in allocating organs for transplants. However, efforts to refine its accuracy are needed to further improve patient outcomes.
Study shows liver an excellent target for cancer gene therapy using viral vectors
Researchers have identified the liver as a promising target for cancer gene therapy using viral vectors, taking advantage of the structural disorganization in cancer cells. The study demonstrates that adenoviral vectors can selectively infect cancer cells while leaving normal liver cells unharmed.
Lessons learned from liver retransplantation
A 15-year study on liver retransplantation found positive trends in indications for surgery, fewer rejections and complications, and improved intensive care management. Therapeutic measures such as immunosuppressant dosage reduction and early blood transfusions contributed to better patient survival rates.
A new index for measuring liver fibrosis
A new study found that a series of simple blood tests can accurately diagnose liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The FibroIndex was more accurate than two other indices and showed promise as a non-invasive alternative to liver biopsy.
Weight-loss supplement shows good and bad traits
Researchers studying mice and rats found that CLA supplementation led to rapid weight loss in mice but excessive liver fat accumulation, a common side effect of rapid weight loss. In contrast, rats on a CLA-supplemented diet showed decreased insulin resistance despite not losing weight.
Central and peripheral signals set the circadian liver clock
A novel transgenic mouse model shows that the circadian liver clock can drive gene expression in the absence of systemic cues, while systemic cues can also synchronize peripheral clocks. This suggests a complex interplay between local and systemic control mechanisms.
Early feeding could help reduce liver dysfunction in critically ill patients
Critically ill patients receiving early enteral nutrition had lower rates of liver dysfunction compared to those fed through central venous catheters. Early feeding was associated with reduced liver dysfunction, longer ICU stays, but no increased mortality.
A form of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene may protect Afro-Trinidadians from developing alcoholism
A new study has found that the ADH1B*3 allele appears to protect against alcoholism in Afro-Trinidadians, while increasing the risk for liver disease among those who drink heavily. Individuals with this allele have lower alcohol consumption levels and are less likely to be alcohol-dependent.
Risk factors for diabetes following liver transplant
A study found that liver transplant patients with a history of obesity, impaired fasting glucose, and hepatitis C infection are at increased risk of developing new-onset diabetes mellitus. The risk factors also include the use of certain immunosuppressants and cardiovascular risk factors.
Sugars in liver found to clear fats from the bloodstream
Studies found that heparan sulfate in the liver plays a crucial role in clearing triglycerides and cholesterol from the blood. The discovery could lead to new treatments for high blood-fat levels and related complications such as arthrosclerosis.
Study identifies glucose 'sensor' that plays dual role in glucose metabolism and fat synthesis
Researchers have identified a new 'glucose sensor' that plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism and fat synthesis, potentially leading to new treatments for obesity and diabetes. The discovery highlights the significance of the Liver X Receptors (LXRs) in regulating gene expression linked to cholesterol and fat metabolism.
New compound isolated from Madagascan plant shows activity against malaria
A novel compound, tazopsine, isolated from a Madagascan plant has shown activity against the liver stages of human and mouse malaria. Its semisynthetic derivative, NCP-tazopsine, completely protected mice from malaria parasites, suggesting a promising new candidate for anti-malarial prophylaxis.
Gene chip discovery may lead to individualized treatment for 5 hereditary liver diseases
Researchers have developed a gene chip that can detect genetic causes of jaundice in children and adults, potentially leading to personalized treatment options. The 'jaundice chip' is nearly 100% effective in detecting common mutations associated with inherited liver diseases.
Pure carbon nanotubes pass first in vivo test
Researchers at Rice University and The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center found that carbon nanotubes injected into lab animals cause no immediate harm and circulate in the blood and liver for over an hour before being eliminated. The study provides promising results for biomedical applications of carbon nanotubes.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug increases liver damage in mice carrying mutant human gene
Research on mice carrying a mutated human gene for alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency found that a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug significantly increased liver damage. The study suggests that NSAIDs could exacerbate liver injury in people with alpha-1-AT deficiency, highlighting the need to avoid these drugs.
Predicting survival after liver transplant
Researchers developed a new model to predict survival after liver transplantation, considering specific characteristics of donors and recipients. The model identified key factors impacting graft survival, including donor age and recipient MELD score.
Single molecule extends fat mice lives by reversing gene pathways associated with disease in obese
Researchers used resveratrol to increase the lifespan of obese mice, reversing nearly all changes in gene expression patterns linked to diabetes and heart disease. The study also found improved motor skills and quality of life in mice treated with resveratrol, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for age-related diseases.
Study demonstrates improved health, survival in aged overweight male mice on resveratrol
A study by the NIH/National Institute on Aging demonstrates that resveratrol, an activator of sirtuins, can improve health and survival in aged overweight male mice. Resveratrol supplementation improved insulin sensitivity, reduced liver size, and enhanced motor function in the mice compared to those without resveratrol.
Interaction between lymph and liver cells may affect immune response
Researchers discovered that liver cells can activate T cells independently of the lymph system, potentially contributing to impaired immune responses in chronic hepatitis C. The study found that T cells interact with liver cells through fenestrations in sinusoidal endothelial cells.
Making headway against hepatitis C: SLU study shows new drug combo effective in nonresponders
A new study by Saint Louis University researchers shows a cocktail of ribavirin and Infergen is nearly twice as effective in controlling hepatitis C than standard treatments. Fourteen percent of patients taking the treatment were virus-negative after six months.
The AGA Institute releases report on the future of gastroenterology
The AGA Institute's report emphasizes the need for gastroenterologists to adapt to changing practices, technologies, and economic pressures. Key findings include the potential obsolescence of common endoscopic procedures due to technological advancements and increased utilization of nurse practitioners and physician assistants.
Long-term effects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
A study found that patients with NAFLD have a significant risk of developing end-stage liver disease, cardiovascular complications, and diabetes. Lifestyle modifications are recommended to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and improve liver histology.
Researchers estimate significant fatty liver disease in children
A study found that 13% of children and adolescents with autopsy records had fatty liver, while 9.6% of the living population in San Diego County had the disease. The team identified major risk factors, including age, ethnicity, gender, and obesity.
Women given liver transplants outlive male recipients by around 4 years
Research published in Gut found that female liver transplant recipients live an average of 22 years after the procedure, compared to 18 years for men. The study analyzed data from over 2,700 patients and found that younger people tend to have longer life expectancy but also lose more years of life due to transplantation.
Transfusion-free surgical program reduced use of blood products for all liver transplant patients
A transfusion-free surgical program for Jehovah's Witness patients undergoing liver transplantation has significantly reduced the overall use of blood products for non-Jehovah's Witnesses. The program's implementation led to lower mean number of intraoperative PRBC and FFP transfusions, as well as decreased procedure cost.
Fatty acids and caveolin-1 are essential in liver regeneration
Researchers from IDIBAPS and Queensland University discovered that caveolin-1 and lipid droplets are essential for liver regeneration. The protein allows hepatocytes to accumulate energetic reserves and start the genetic machinery for division. Without it, mice are unable to regenerate their liver tissue.
Test can predict spread of eye cancer to liver
Scientists have developed a method to predict whether melanoma of the eye will spread to the liver, where it quickly turns deadly. The molecular screening test can detect both whether a tumor is likely to spread and how fast.
Anti-inflammatory drug prevents liver cancer in at-risk liver patients
A recent study found that colchicine significantly reduces the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis virus-related end-stage liver disease. Colchicine treatment delays HCC diagnosis by an average of 72 months and improves survival rates.
Liver diagnosis breakthrough with Mayo Clinic MRI development
Mayo Clinic researchers have developed MR Elastography (MRE), a new technique for measuring liver elasticity using MRI. This non-invasive method shows great promise for detecting liver fibrosis, which can lead to cirrhosis if left untreated.
JCI table of contents: September 7, 2006
Scientists develop method to introduce purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) enzyme into cells of mice with genetic defect, potentially leading to treatment for individuals lacking PNP. Research also sheds light on scavenger receptor BI's role in protecting against heart disease.
Wiley announces partnership with NASPGHAN and AASLD
The partnership aims to support the training of young investigators in pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition. Hepatology will now be made available without charge to NASPGHAN fellows.
Cholesterol implicated in progression of fatty liver disease
A study found that cholesterol accumulation in the liver depletes a powerful antioxidant, making cells susceptible to inflammation and damage. Cholesterol-lowering therapies may offer a useful treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fatty liver disease.
Bone mass continues to increase in liver transplant patients, despite early loss
A study on liver transplant patients found that those with low bone density before transplant showed significant improvement afterwards. Bone loss immediately following transplant was common and several risk factors were identified, including PSC, younger age at transplant, and smoking.