Double trouble for corals
Researchers found that marine heatwaves kill the largest and youngest coral colonies, raising concerns about reef reproductive future. The study suggests that heatwaves could restructure coral size distribution on reefs.
Marine Biology
Articles tagged with Marine Biology
Meltwater influences ecosystems in the Arctic Ocean
Freshwater from melting sea ice delays carbon absorption and storage in the Arctic Ocean. The study found that four months of organic carbon production were trapped above 50 meters, with more nutrients and biomass reaching the ocean floor.
Night lights: New global atlas maps out artificial light at night under the sea
A new global atlas reveals that up to 1.9 million km2 of the world's coastal waters are affected by artificial light at night, with significant impacts on marine organisms. The study uses a novel metric to determine the depth of light penetration and highlights the need for further research into the effects of ALAN pollution.
UC Santa Barbara scientists connect diet and temperature to metabolism in opaleye fish
A study by UC Santa Barbara researchers found that both diet and temperature influence opaleye fish physiology and metabolism, but the effects are specific to each trait. Temperature made an enormous difference in growth rates, while diet had no effect on sprint speed or heart rate.
Study suggests melting glaciers will produce new salmon habitat
A new study suggests that melting glaciers in the Pacific mountains could produce over 6,000 kilometers of new salmon habitat by 2100. Researchers modeled glacial retreat under different climate change scenarios and found that 315 glaciers could create habitats with conditions suitable for salmon.
Fish help control crown-of-thorns starfish numbers on Great Barrier Reef
A new study from Australian Institute of Marine Science reveals that reef fish such as emperors, tropical snappers, and rockcods play a crucial role in controlling crown-of-thorns starfish numbers on the Great Barrier Reef. By removing these fish species, the abundance of coral-eating starfish increases.
Newly discovered fish songs demonstrate reef restoration success
Researchers at the University of Exeter found that coral reef restoration projects can lead to a healthy and functioning ecosystem through the soundscape, with increased fish sounds recorded on restored reefs. The study used acoustic recordings from 2018-2019 as part of the monitoring program for the Mars Coral Reef Restoration Project.
New description increases number of known species in jellyfish genus from seven to 28
A recent study by Brazilian, Argentine, and US researchers has revealed 28 new species within the Aurelia genus of jellyfish. The identification was made possible through combining morphological data with four molecular markers derived from both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA.
Headwater refuges
A team studied wildfire impacts on streams in parts of the Los Padres National Forest, finding that stream headwaters serve as refuges for aquatic species during fires and droughts. The study's findings suggest that protecting these areas is crucial for maintaining watershed resilience and biodiversity.
University of Guam research traces evolution of reef-building trait in stony corals
Researchers used mathematical models to reconstruct evolutionary history of photosymbiosis in Scleractinia, identifying groups where association is stable and others that may be more flexible. The study found that certain lineages are more likely to retain the reef-building trait in a changing climate.
Rhythms of the krill
Researchers found that Arctic krill respond to visual changes during the Arctic polar night by swimming up or down in search of food and avoiding predators. The study revealed that even small changes in light intensity can entrain the biological rhythms of krill, helping them navigate their environment.
Multi-million pound initiative advances the sustainable management of UK’s marine resources
The Centre for Doctoral Training in Sustainable Management of UK Marine Resources (SuMMeR CDT) will train 50 interdisciplinary PhD students to sustainably manage the UK's coasts and seas. The program focuses on subjects ranging from marine sciences to law, health, education, and economics.
New study offers broader understanding on plankton life in Gulf of Mexico
A groundbreaking study has documented the simultaneous position, size, and density of 36 different types of planktonic organisms in the Gulf of Mexico. Researchers found that smallest organisms formed the largest patches, with greater patchiness in shallow waters closer to shore than deeper ocean waters.
URI researchers: Different kinds of marine phytoplankton respond differently to warming ocean temperatures
A team of researchers at the University of Rhode Island found that different types of phytoplankton respond differently to warming ocean temperatures. The study suggests that their growth rates and distribution patterns will be dissimilar, resulting in significant implications for future marine communities.
Press tips for the 74th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics
The 74th APS Division of Fluid Dynamics Annual Meeting featured presentations on COVID-proofing daily life, kimchi physics, and extreme heat waves. Researchers also discussed advancements in fire-fighting trees and the science behind jellyfish engineers.
Biology: Louder petrol engine noise disrupts whale resting and nursing
Whale-watch vessels with louder petrol engines significantly disrupt short-finned pilot whale resting and nursing, according to a study. The researchers found that mothers who were approached by the vessel with the petrol engine spent on average 29% less time resting and 81% less time nursing their calves.
World’s largest whales eat more than previously thought, amplifying their role as global ecosystem engineers
New research reveals that blue, fin and humpback whales consume an average of three times more food each year than scientists previously estimated. This increased consumption plays a crucial role in maintaining ocean health and productivity by recycling key nutrients.
Food quality and health essential for successful porpoise reproduction
Researchers found that poor health in females can lead to interrupted pregnancies and underdeveloped fetuses. High-caloric fish is essential for successful porpoise reproduction, according to Lonneke IJsseldijk's PhD study published in Scientific Reports.
Research identifies new family of marine ‘megaphages’
Researchers identified a new family of marine megaphages with genomes over 650 kb in length, which could impact biogeochemical cycling. These 'megaphages', found in the English Channel, are distantly related to human gut phages and represent a new family in the marine environment.
Long-term study of elephant seal reproduction shows population’s resilience
A new study reveals that a female elephant seal's age and experience are more important than ocean conditions in determining the condition of her pup at weaning. Higher population densities lead to smaller pups, but older females outperform younger ones.
Quick test for potential probiotic in seawater may reveal health of corals
Researchers developed a quick test to identify beneficial bacteria species known to benefit coral, allowing for non-invasive assessment of coral health. The method enables rapid detection of specific bacterial species in seawater and coral samples, suggesting that the bacteria may be concentrated in coral.
The unknown consequences of plastic’s legacy, found in seabirds around the world
A study found that seabirds around the globe consume up to 52% of plastic, leading to accumulation of its chemical components in their bodies. Researchers analyzed oil from preen glands and stomach contents of bird carcasses to determine contaminant burdens.
Corals once thought to be a single species are really two, study concludes
A new study published in Coral Reefs confirms that soft corals Plexaura kükenthali and Plexaura homomalla are two separate species. The research found significant differences in morphology, genetics, reproduction, and symbiotic relationships between the two species.
A groundbreaking survey of the world’s reefs reveals the extent of the coral reef crisis
The global coral reef crisis is characterized by widespread overfishing, pollution, disease, and climate change. The report highlights the need for swift action to address these issues and identifies management efforts such as reducing pollution and establishing marine protected areas.
Maryland scientists crack blue crab’s genetic code
The University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science has sequenced the genome of the blue crab, revealing approximately 24,000 genes and a genome length that is one third of the human genome. This breakthrough will aid in fisheries policies, aquaculture, and potentially track food source origins.
Maritime rope could be adding billions of microplastics to the ocean every year
A new study by the University of Plymouth found that maritime ropes can release millions of microplastic fragments into the ocean annually. The research estimated that the UK fishing fleet alone could be releasing between 326 million to 17 billion microplastic pieces into the ocean every year.
Newly discovered two-cell color detection system of lamprey as clue to the evolution of color vision
Researchers discovered a two-cell color detection system in lampreys, which they propose could be the evolutionary ancestor of single-cell systems in fish and reptiles. The study found that this ancient system produces similar responses to UV and visible light as modern single-cell systems.
Low oxygen levels are pushing fish into shallower waters, with potentially devastating impacts for fisheries and ecosystems
Research finds that 19 species of fish have migrated to shallower water in response to low oxygen conditions over a decade and a half. This trend could lead to devastating impacts on fisheries and ecosystems as fish habitats are compressed and potentially made easier to catch.
New genus of extinct elephant fish discovered in Moscow
Scientists have identified a new genus of extinct elephant fish, Moskovirhynchus robustus, from Jurassic-era deposits in Moscow. The study reveals unique dental features that set it apart from modern elephant chimaeroids.
Marine Protected Area status can boost fish populations by almost 400%
Researchers found that areas protected under 'whole-site' Marine Protected Area (MPA) status have four-fold increases in fish abundance and diversity compared to unprotected areas. The study also showed significant benefits for commercially important fish species and conservation.
“The MPA Guide”: Local voices must be heard for effective ocean protection
The MPA Guide categorizes MPAs by stage of establishment and level of protection, highlighting the importance of including local peoples in the decision-making process for effective conservation. The guide specifies outcomes for biodiversity and human well-being depending on the chosen level of protection.
One size does not fit all in Antarctica: climate change will impact Antarctic seals differently
A new study reveals that climate change will affect Antarctic seals, such as crabeater and Weddell seals, in distinct ways. Crabeater seals are more vulnerable due to their specialized diet and breeding on unstable pack-ice, while Weddell seals are less affected.
ʻOpihi age, growth, and longevity influenced by Hawaiian intertidal environment
A study published in Nature Communications Earth & Environment reveals that ʻopihi age, growth, and longevity are influenced by the Hawaiian intertidal environment. The research team found that ʻopihi species grow rapidly, reaching maturity within 8-9 months, and can live up to 5 years old.
When humans disturb marine mammals, it’s hard to know the long-term impact
A new study from the University of California, Santa Cruz, develops a comprehensive framework to determine when short-term changes in behavior caused by human activities have biological significance. The framework highlights the importance of life history traits and specific characteristics of disturbances in assessing vulnerability.
Biology: Widest coral in the Great Barrier Reef identified
Researchers have identified a massive coral structure in the Great Barrier Reef, measuring 5.3m tall and 10.4m wide, which is not only the widest but also the sixth tallest recorded in the reef.
Biology: Sea snake attacks may be misdirected courtship behaviours
Researchers suggest sea snakes mistake divers for rival snakes or potential mates and female sea snakes perceive them as hiding places. Staying still allows divers to avoid escalation and bites.
UMaine researchers to develop enhanced fish vaccines with nanocellulose
Researchers at the University of Maine are developing more effective, safe, and sustainable fish vaccines using nanocellulose to protect Atlantic salmon against lethal pathogens. The goal is to reduce vaccine costs and side effects while increasing effectiveness.
Ageing cuttlefish can remember the details of last week’s dinner
Researchers found that ageing cuttlefish can remember the details of last week's dinner, unlike humans who gradually lose episodic memory with age. The 'vertical lobe' brain region associated with learning and memory in cuttlefish does not deteriorate until the last two to three days of life.
‘Sticky questions’ raised by study on coral reefs
A new study on coral reefs in Kiribati found that more polluted and high-traffic waters can handle extreme heat events better than remote reefs. The research raises questions about the effectiveness of marine protected areas in conserving coral reefs.
World’s biodiversity maps contain many gaps, Yale study finds
A Yale study has identified significant gaps in biodiversity maps, limiting effective conservation decisions globally. The researchers created regional trends maps to assess the distribution of 31,000 terrestrial vertebrates, highlighting opportunities for citizen scientists and government agencies to support biodiversity monitoring.
Salt marsh resilience compromised by crabs along tidal creek edges
A long-term study in Elkhorn Slough found that superabundant crabs weaken tidal creek banks, reducing marsh plant growth and increasing erosion. Reducing crab abundance led to increased salt marsh vegetation growth and enhanced sediment density.
Climate change ‘double whammy’ could kill off fish species
Warming oceans are causing fish to struggle with both survival and adaptation, leading to potential extinction. The research found that warmer waters reduce the size of fish, making it harder for them to relocate to more suitable environments, and also limit their ability to evolve and cope with changing temperatures.
Targeted removals and enhanced monitoring can help manage lionfish in the Mediterranean
A new study suggests that targeted removals of lionfish combined with long-term monitoring can effectively suppress their populations in the Mediterranean. Divers and citizen scientists conducted removal events and surveys over six months, revealing that population numbers recovered within three months in some locations.
Sharks, lies, and videotape: Scientists document problems with Shark Week
A recent analysis reveals that Shark Week prioritizes sensationalism over scientific accuracy, with hosts relying on unproven methods and making false statements about shark biology. Researchers suggest improving diversity in expert representation and factually accurate storytelling to boost the program's credibility.
New 3D images of shark intestines show they function like Nikola Tesla's valve
Researchers used 3D scanning to study shark intestines, discovering that spiral-shaped organs slow food movement and direct it downward through the gut. This finding sheds light on how sharks process their food and retain nutrients, with implications for understanding ocean ecosystems.
Why are some fish warm-blooded? Predatory sharks gain speed advantage
Research reveals warm-blooded fish swim approximately 1.6 times faster than their cold-blooded counterparts, but don't live in broader temperature ranges, making them susceptible to climate change impacts.
Some seafloor microbes can take the heat: And here's what they eat
Researchers discover specially adapted microorganisms that can use methane as an energy source in the hot seafloor sediments of Guaymas Basin. These microbes play a crucial role in carbon cycling and support a diverse food web, with implications for the deep-sea ecosystem.
Fish nutrition database to help combat malnutrition across the globe
A new global fish nutrition database is being made freely available to help combat malnutrition. The database provides vital nutritional data on over 5,000 fresh and marine fish species, which can be used to identify the most nutritious fish and support the protection of local food environments and ecosystems.
How butterflies make transparent wings: MBL scientists see the invisible
Researchers discovered the glasswing butterfly's unique wing structure, creating transparency through a lower density of scale cells and nanostructures. The findings also revealed an anti-glare coating made of waxy hydrocarbon nanopillars, making butterflies nearly invisible to predators.
Restoring gut microbes missing in early life dysbiosis can reduce risk of colitis in mice
Researchers restored gut microbes missing in early life dysbiosis and prevented colitis in mice by adding a single strain of Bacteroides sp. CL1-UC. This finding highlights the importance of early childhood exposures on health throughout lifetime.
Salt marshes trap microplastics in their sediments, creating record of human plastic use
Researchers found that salt marsh sediments accumulate microplastics, with higher concentrations near urban areas and a non-linear relationship to urbanization. The study provides new insights into the impact of human plastic use on ecosystems.
Evidence for a previously unknown extinction event that decimated ocean shark species
A new study provides evidence for a previously unknown mass ocean extinction event that nearly wiped out shark species 19 million years ago. The study found that sharks declined in abundance by over 90% and in morphological diversity by more than 70% during this period.
A shark mystery millions of years in the making
A massive die-off of sharks occurred 19 million years ago, with more than 70% of the world's sharks dying off - a phenomenon not seen since the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event 66 million years ago.
Who's in this ocean? Tracking down species on the go using environmental DNA
Marine biologists use environmental DNA to detect and identify ocean species, revealing previously unreported species in the Florida Keys. The technique, called metabarcoding, has practical applications in fisheries and conservation, as well as preventing jellyfish stings.
Technique uses fluctuations in video pixels to measure energy use of developing embryos
Researchers at the University of Plymouth developed a cutting-edge technique to measure energy use in developing embryos using timelapse video pixels. The method captures detailed changes in energy usage as an energy signature, providing a greater breadth of biological response.
New tool factors effects of fossil-fuel emissions on ocean research
Researchers developed a tool to correct for Suess effect in marine ecosystems, allowing for accurate stable isotope analysis. The new formula disentangles human impact from ecosystem changes, providing more reliable results.
Sharks in protected area attract illegal fishers
A new study reveals that thousands of sharks have been caught illegally in a Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the Indian Ocean, threatening critically endangered species like oceanic whitetip and scalloped hammerhead. The MPA was found to be vulnerable to enforcement due to its large size and remote location.
Sharks use Earth's magnetic fields to guide them like a map
Researchers found that sharks rely on magnetic fields to guide them during long-distance migrations. Bonnethead sharks were used in experiments, which showed that they orient themselves based on the magnetic field, even when exposed to fields outside their natural range.
Engineers and biologists join forces to reveal how seals evolved to swim
A Monash University-led study combines computer simulations with live seal footage to explain the origins of efficient swimming in seals. The research reveals that different swimming styles evolved within the same seal group, with some species using wing-like front flippers for speed and agility.
New study tracked large sharks during hurricanes
A new study tracked large sharks in Miami and The Bahamas to understand their responses to major storms like hurricanes. Researchers found that different shark species behaved differently by species and location, with some evacuating shallow waters while others remained or even increased in numbers after the storm passed.