Articles tagged with Marine Biology
The University of Maryland researchers have developed tiny sensors that use living olfactory cells on microchips to detect explosive materials, biological pathogens, and other substances. These cell-based sensors show promise in improving detection speed and accuracy.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have discovered a new climate pattern called the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, which explains changes in water temperature, salinity, and nutrients. This finding may help scientists predict how the oceans will respond to warming temperatures and ecosystem shifts.
A team of Penn State paleoclimatologists found that a lack of cloud cover led to pre-human supergreenhouse periods during the Cetaceous and Eocene. By altering the Earth's albedo through changes in cloud cover, the researchers were able to recreate temperature regimes with mean annual temperatures above 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
A study by University of California - Santa Cruz researchers found that 90% of California's fall-run Chinook salmon population comes from hatcheries. The findings are troubling given the decline in natural populations, which may force commercial and recreational fishing to close.
Researchers propose that bdelloid rotifers' efficient DNA repair capacity and whole-genome duplication enable them to thrive without sex. Their extraordinary resistance to radiation and ability to survive desiccation suggest that their DNA repair mechanism may provide the benefits of sex.
Researcher Mark Paul aims to analyze complex systems like weather and climate using high-performance computing. His goal is to improve understanding of spatiotemporal chaos and its impact on energy production and consumption.
Researchers found that streams can remove up to 90% of nitrate pollution through denitrification and algal uptake, with effectiveness greatest in healthy streams not overloaded by human activities. Streams play a crucial role in reducing eutrophication problems in lakes and coastal waters.
A nationwide team of ecologists reports that excess nitrogen loading reduces the efficiency of stream and river networks' natural processes for reducing this pollutant. This overload can lead to eutrophication, oxygen depletion, and death of fish and shellfish downstream.
The team created artificial materials that can change from hard plastic to soft rubber when exposed to water, addressing a problem with existing brain signal recording devices. This adaptability could alleviate damage to surrounding brain tissue and improve treatment for conditions like Parkinson's disease and spinal cord injuries.
The Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) has launched with the first 30,000 species pages, providing a vast resource for scientists and policymakers to compare and contrast information about life on Earth. The EOL aims to accelerate biological and biomedical discovery by aggregating knowledge on Earth's estimated 1.8 million known species.
Scientists will embark on a six-week research expedition to measure turbulence, waves, and bubbles in the Southern Ocean to improve the accuracy of climate models. The goal is to understand how gases important to climate change move between the atmosphere and ocean under high winds and seas.
New research reveals two genetically distinct populations of Atlantic bluefin tuna, raising concerns about current fisheries-management practices and the impact of trans-Atlantic tourism on fish stocks. The study suggests that Mediterranean-spawned fish are flocking to the western Atlantic, potentially making it appear healthier than i...
A recent global assessment by the World Conservation Union has found that many large shark species have declined by more than half due to increased demand for shark fins and meat, as well as recreational and commercial fisheries. The scalloped hammerhead shark is among those listed as globally endangered on the IUCN Red List.
Researchers have discovered critical details of shark behavior, including migration routes and gathering sites. The findings suggest that open-ocean sharks are particularly threatened from overfishing, and that some species congregate at established 'stepping stone' sites, which can help inform conservation efforts.
NOAA scientist Nat Scholz reveals that pesticide mixtures have a greater toxic effect on the salmon nervous system than expected. The findings have important implications for threatened and endangered salmon populations and may also affect human health through contaminated food supply.
Scientists at UC-Santa Barbara found that fish larvae that endure long and rough ocean journeys arrive on reefs in good condition and go on to thrive. In contrast, locally produced young have a harder time surviving and only do well if they are in excellent condition.
The emerging field of neuroecology explores how neural mechanisms influence population dynamics and community interactions. Researchers discuss the ecological functions of chemical defenses, such as neurotoxins and inking, which have far-reaching consequences for ecosystems.
A study by Yale biologists investigated the genetic diversity of Galápagos marine iguanas before and after the 1997 El Niño event, revealing differing responses among populations. The research highlights the importance of studying population genetics over time to understand vulnerability to environmental stresses.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have found that dissolved organic material in water increases the biological risk of mercury and may serve as an environmental source. The study's findings suggest that understanding the factors controlling methylation is critical for developing ecosystem-level management strategies.
A study of mitochondrial DNA reveals that piranhas' modern species originated from a recent diversification event triggered by marine incursions into the Amazon Basin. The researchers propose that factors like water quality and geographical history played a crucial role in shaping the diversity of these fish species.
Researchers successfully produced stem cells from cloned monkey embryos using the non-invasive Oosight microscope, a crucial step towards developing medical therapies. The innovative technology allows for clear visualization and removal of genetic material, leading to a 100% success rate in therapeutic cloning.
Researchers at Kiel University and IFM-GEOMAR will investigate the effects of climate change on tropical oceans' oxygen levels, impacting marine ecosystems and carbon balance. The new SFB aims to better understand mechanisms and define a quantitative basis for these interactions.
A University of Manchester team discovered that theropod dinosaurs had avian-like air-sac respiratory systems, allowing for efficient oxygen supply. This finding supports the theory that dinosaurs were direct ancestors of birds and had similar characteristics.
Researchers will collect data to verify water quality models and predict Dead Zone development, supporting resource managers in mitigating hypoxia impacts on commercially important fish and shellfish. The study complements existing research on the effects of hypoxia on aquatic life.
Scientists discovered over 37,000 new kinds of bacteria at two deep-sea hydrothermal vents, exceeding known archaea diversity by 12 times. The findings suggest that comprehensive surveys are necessary to capture the vast microbial diversity in these ecosystems.
The complete genetic sequence of Giardia lamblia has been completed, revealing opportunities for new drug and vaccine targets. The parasite's genome shows unusual proteins that could be exploited to treat or prevent infections.
The complete Giardia genome has been unlocked, revealing several unusual proteins that could lead to the development of new drugs. The parasite's unique genetic makeup is thought to have allowed it to evade the human immune system and survive for long periods in contaminated water.
Research published in BMC Evolutionary Biology shows that a snake's intended prey affects the type and evolution of toxins in their venom. The study found that sea snakes have less diverse toxins due to their shared feeding behavior and diet.
Scientists have developed a breakthrough laboratory technique to isolate and grow hair cells, essential sound detectors in the inner ear. This new method provides a reliable source for researchers studying inner-ear disorders, including hearing loss and balance problems.
A German-American research team has isolated bacteria from marine sediments that utilize propane and butane as their sole source of carbon and energy. These unique organisms employ an unprecedented biochemical mechanism to transform hydrocarbons into reactive metabolites.
Researchers found a correlation between predation intensity and global marine biodiversity, with increased predation rates preceding changes in armor morphology. The study suggests that ecological interactions may drive evolution, with predators driving diversity through drilling and repair scars.
The quality of giant bluefin tuna caught in the Gulf of Maine has declined significantly since the early 1990s, with potential changes in food sources and reproductive patterns. Researchers found that the condition of those fish caught is of much lower quality, with reduced fat content and a leaner appearance.
The University of Alaska Fairbanks has received funding for the first phase of the Alaska Region Research Vessel's construction, supporting research in high latitudes and facilitating global ocean science collaborations. The $123-million vessel will be capable of breaking ice up to 2.5 ft thick and accommodate 26 scientists and students.
University of Washington scientists track six penguins' movements using satellite technology to model energy requirements, understand breeding habits, and assess impact of human activities on their migration route. The project aims to improve conservation efforts for the Magellanic Penguin species.
Researchers at the University of Oregon discovered a fundamental genetic mechanism in a marine worm that determines cell diversity and plays a role in cancer. The beta-catenin signaling pathway was found to be highly conserved throughout the animal kingdom.
Five new species of nudibranchs, a group of mollusks lacking outer shells, have been discovered in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. The discovery may provide cures for diseases currently untreatable due to the sophisticated chemical defense mechanisms developed by these organisms.
NASA is supporting cutting-edge research at the Earth's polar regions with $18 million in funding for 33 scientific investigations. These studies focus on ice flow, air pollution, sea ice impact on ocean ecosystems, and glacier thickness measurement.
New research reveals that sharks rely on both olfactory systems and lateral lines to track odor sources, particularly in dark waters. This discovery sheds light on animal navigation underwater and has implications for the development of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs).
Researchers at Bigelow Laboratory have developed a new approach to studying marine microbes, allowing for the analysis of individual unicellular organisms. The method, which uses fluorescence-activated sorting and multi-locus DNA sequencing, enables the study of metabolic capabilities and identities of uncultured microbial taxa.
The University of California, San Diego (UCSD) and the University of Washington (UW) have been awarded multimillion-dollar contracts to support the development and operations of the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI). The OOI will establish a network of interactive, globally distributed sensors in the ocean, providing real-time data ...
A recent study reveals that sediments in New Orleans and Lake Pontchartrain are contaminated with fecal microbes, which persisted before the hurricanes and continue to impact water quality. The researchers recommend further investigation into the risks of exposure to human pathogens through contact with these sediments.
Conservation efforts in US and Mexico may be increasing loggerhead and Kemp's ridley turtles visiting UK waters. The research team attributes the increase to protective measures, such as turtle excluder devices in fishing nets.
A study by the University of Exeter found an increase in loggerhead and Kemp's ridley turtles in UK and French waters over the last twenty years. Protective measures in US and Mexican waters are believed to be the reason for this rise.
Researchers found that fish in schools escape using a relatively fixed chronological order, indicating a potential leadership structure. This study was conducted at the International Marine Centre in Sardinia, Italy, and will be presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology.
A new study using global ocean samples has revealed a vast array of microbial diversity, with the largest genomic dataset ever compiled. This massive data set includes over 6 billion base pairs of genetic material from marine microbes, which have been classified into thousands of distinct families.
Researchers have confirmed that cuttlefish employ night camouflage to adapt quickly to microhabitats on temperate rock reefs. The ability is key to their nighttime predator/prey interactions and fine-tuned visual system, allowing them to dominate the dark environment.
A team of scientists has confirmed the existence of an enigmatic billfish species, the roundscale spearfish, which overlaps with the distribution of the white marlin. The discovery raises concerns about the true numbers of threatened white marlin populations and suggests that recent population assessments may have been overestimated.
Commercially prized deep-sea fish are severely threatened by over-fishing and low reproductive success due to long lifespans, while technological advances have made targeting them easier.
A new plan aims to consolidate Arctic research into a global observation network to better understand its changing climate and environment. The network would link together land, ocean, atmosphere, and human dimensions, providing a comprehensive view of the Arctic system.
A new ergonomic backpack has been invented by using rubber bands to reduce the effects of heavy loads on shoulders and joints. The design allows users to carry 12 more pounds in the suspended backpack than in a traditional backpack.
Researchers from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution successfully anticipated and chronicled a seafloor eruption along the global mid-ocean ridge, providing a rare opportunity to observe what happens in the immediate aftermath of an event. The study has added substantially to our understanding of how mid-ocean ridges work.
Research reveals a link between cosmic rays and fluctuations in Earth's biosphere productivity, with star formation rates influencing cloud cover and climate. Cosmic radiation affected biological productivity through its influence on cloud formation, leading to higher productivity during cold periods.
Researchers analyzed ocean water samples from four regions, identifying over 91% new DNA sequences not present in existing databases. The study found that regional differences in geography and environment select for distinct viral communities.
Researchers at Brown University have identified a peptide that can spur cargo transport in nerve cells, shedding light on the complex intracellular transport system inside nerve cells. The discovery could help scientists better understand nerve cell function and test possible therapies for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
Researchers aim to develop a laser fluorometer that detects multiple target pigments, distinguishing between different types of algae in turbid coastal waters. The tool will characterize microalgal populations rapidly and easily, helping to identify potentially harmful species during red tides.
A new study confirms that sea lice from fish farms are a major threat to wild salmon, with up to 95% of juveniles killed by infestation. The research found an increasing number of salmon deaths over the migration season, highlighting the severe impact of large-scale aquaculture.
Researchers from MBL found anatomical evidence of a 'hidden communication channel' in squid skin, which remains masked during camouflage. The study suggests that squid may use polarized signals to convey information about their surroundings, including the presence of predators or other squid.
A new analysis of 50 years of changes in freshwater inputs to the Arctic Ocean and North Atlantic reveals that freshwater increases from Arctic Ocean sources are highly linked to a fresher North Atlantic. The study, published in Science, suggests that changes in climate and atmospheric dynamics may be driving this trend.
A new study by University of Southern California researchers reveals that most bacteria species are predictable and follow specific conditions. By understanding these patterns, scientists can improve models for ocean change, providing a more accurate prediction of how the oceans will evolve.
A fleet of underwater robots will work together to make detailed observations of the ocean without human aid. The project has potential implications for ocean forecasting, marine conservation, and exploration of other environments.