Articles tagged with Marine Biology
A study found that antibiotic treatment can cause pervasive and persistent changes to the human gut microbiota, affecting the balance of bacteria in the gut. The researchers identified over 3,300 different types of bacteria in the human distal gut and found that antibiotic treatment influenced the abundance of about a third of those taxa.
Researchers measured chemical tracers in ancient fish scales and bones to estimate ancient ocean circulation patterns during greenhouse climates. Their findings contradict previous models, proposing sinking of warm waters and enhanced mixing in the Late Cretaceous North Atlantic Ocean.
A classic Miller-Urey Synthesis experiment produced fewer organic molecules than its unpublished sibling study. The reanalyzed vials from the latter experiment revealed a wider variety of amino acids and amines.
A $4 million NIH-funded project led by OHSU aims to discover biologically active molecules from bacteria associated with marine mollusks in the Philippines. The project will catalog and preserve over 10,000 mollusk species, targeting potential central nervous system, cancer, and antimicrobial drugs.
A group of scientists is advocating for science-based policy in the emerging global biofuels industry to avoid costly mistakes and environmental regrets. Sustainable practices are crucial to mitigate problems associated with agriculture, including soil erosion and depletion, nitrogen fertilizer pollution, and biodiversity decline.
Researchers found that juvenile bluefin tuna from both regions return to their birthplace to spawn, contradicting previous assumptions about fish migration patterns. This study has significant implications for managing bluefin tuna fisheries in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic.
Scientists have discovered a new Pacific iguana species in central Fiji, Brachylophus bulabula, which joins only two other living species. The study found that each of the 13 islands where living iguanas were sampled showed distinct genetic lines not seen elsewhere, highlighting the need for conservation efforts.
The UCSD Socrates Fellows Program pairs high school science teachers with PhD students in active research labs, enhancing both teacher's and student's learning experiences. The project aims to boost teamwork, problem-solving skills, and broaden professional outlook among graduate students.
Researchers from the Marine Biological Laboratory discovered that midshipman fish use a similar region of the brain to produce vocalizations as humans do when laughing. The study suggests that sound-based social communication may be an ancient vertebrate success factor, contributing to their incredible diversity.
Penguin populations are declining rapidly due to climate change, oil pollution, and habitat destruction. Conservation biologist Dee Boersma calls for regular monitoring of penguin colonies to understand the impact of environmental changes on the world's oceans.
Researchers at Kansas State University are exploring the potential of ocean-grown algae as a sustainable energy source. The project aims to identify suitable materials and attributes that enable algae growth on solid carriers, with the goal of developing a cost-effective process for biofuel manufacturing.
Bdelloid rotifers acquire genes from bacteria, fungi, and plants through environmental DNA incorporation. This process may contribute to their speciation and adaptability.
A recent study reveals that 16 out of 21 oceanic shark and ray species are at risk of extinction due to unregulated and unsustainable fishing practices. Governments can take key steps to safeguard populations, including establishing science-based catch limits and ending shark finning.
Researchers propose a symbiotic origin for the centrosome, a cell division component. The Alliegros' paper provides RNA evidence supporting this idea, which challenges traditional evolutionary theories.
The University of Maryland researchers have developed tiny sensors that use living olfactory cells on microchips to detect explosive materials, biological pathogens, and other substances. These cell-based sensors show promise in improving detection speed and accuracy.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have discovered a new climate pattern called the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, which explains changes in water temperature, salinity, and nutrients. This finding may help scientists predict how the oceans will respond to warming temperatures and ecosystem shifts.
A team of Penn State paleoclimatologists found that a lack of cloud cover led to pre-human supergreenhouse periods during the Cetaceous and Eocene. By altering the Earth's albedo through changes in cloud cover, the researchers were able to recreate temperature regimes with mean annual temperatures above 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
A study by University of California - Santa Cruz researchers found that 90% of California's fall-run Chinook salmon population comes from hatcheries. The findings are troubling given the decline in natural populations, which may force commercial and recreational fishing to close.
Researchers propose that bdelloid rotifers' efficient DNA repair capacity and whole-genome duplication enable them to thrive without sex. Their extraordinary resistance to radiation and ability to survive desiccation suggest that their DNA repair mechanism may provide the benefits of sex.
Researcher Mark Paul aims to analyze complex systems like weather and climate using high-performance computing. His goal is to improve understanding of spatiotemporal chaos and its impact on energy production and consumption.
A nationwide team of ecologists reports that excess nitrogen loading reduces the efficiency of stream and river networks' natural processes for reducing this pollutant. This overload can lead to eutrophication, oxygen depletion, and death of fish and shellfish downstream.
Researchers found that streams can remove up to 90% of nitrate pollution through denitrification and algal uptake, with effectiveness greatest in healthy streams not overloaded by human activities. Streams play a crucial role in reducing eutrophication problems in lakes and coastal waters.
The team created artificial materials that can change from hard plastic to soft rubber when exposed to water, addressing a problem with existing brain signal recording devices. This adaptability could alleviate damage to surrounding brain tissue and improve treatment for conditions like Parkinson's disease and spinal cord injuries.
The Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) has launched with the first 30,000 species pages, providing a vast resource for scientists and policymakers to compare and contrast information about life on Earth. The EOL aims to accelerate biological and biomedical discovery by aggregating knowledge on Earth's estimated 1.8 million known species.
Scientists will embark on a six-week research expedition to measure turbulence, waves, and bubbles in the Southern Ocean to improve the accuracy of climate models. The goal is to understand how gases important to climate change move between the atmosphere and ocean under high winds and seas.
New research reveals two genetically distinct populations of Atlantic bluefin tuna, raising concerns about current fisheries-management practices and the impact of trans-Atlantic tourism on fish stocks. The study suggests that Mediterranean-spawned fish are flocking to the western Atlantic, potentially making it appear healthier than i...
Researchers have discovered critical details of shark behavior, including migration routes and gathering sites. The findings suggest that open-ocean sharks are particularly threatened from overfishing, and that some species congregate at established 'stepping stone' sites, which can help inform conservation efforts.
A recent global assessment by the World Conservation Union has found that many large shark species have declined by more than half due to increased demand for shark fins and meat, as well as recreational and commercial fisheries. The scalloped hammerhead shark is among those listed as globally endangered on the IUCN Red List.
NOAA scientist Nat Scholz reveals that pesticide mixtures have a greater toxic effect on the salmon nervous system than expected. The findings have important implications for threatened and endangered salmon populations and may also affect human health through contaminated food supply.
Scientists at UC-Santa Barbara found that fish larvae that endure long and rough ocean journeys arrive on reefs in good condition and go on to thrive. In contrast, locally produced young have a harder time surviving and only do well if they are in excellent condition.
The emerging field of neuroecology explores how neural mechanisms influence population dynamics and community interactions. Researchers discuss the ecological functions of chemical defenses, such as neurotoxins and inking, which have far-reaching consequences for ecosystems.
A study by Yale biologists investigated the genetic diversity of Galápagos marine iguanas before and after the 1997 El Niño event, revealing differing responses among populations. The research highlights the importance of studying population genetics over time to understand vulnerability to environmental stresses.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have found that dissolved organic material in water increases the biological risk of mercury and may serve as an environmental source. The study's findings suggest that understanding the factors controlling methylation is critical for developing ecosystem-level management strategies.
A study of mitochondrial DNA reveals that piranhas' modern species originated from a recent diversification event triggered by marine incursions into the Amazon Basin. The researchers propose that factors like water quality and geographical history played a crucial role in shaping the diversity of these fish species.
Researchers successfully produced stem cells from cloned monkey embryos using the non-invasive Oosight microscope, a crucial step towards developing medical therapies. The innovative technology allows for clear visualization and removal of genetic material, leading to a 100% success rate in therapeutic cloning.
Researchers at Kiel University and IFM-GEOMAR will investigate the effects of climate change on tropical oceans' oxygen levels, impacting marine ecosystems and carbon balance. The new SFB aims to better understand mechanisms and define a quantitative basis for these interactions.
A University of Manchester team discovered that theropod dinosaurs had avian-like air-sac respiratory systems, allowing for efficient oxygen supply. This finding supports the theory that dinosaurs were direct ancestors of birds and had similar characteristics.
Researchers will collect data to verify water quality models and predict Dead Zone development, supporting resource managers in mitigating hypoxia impacts on commercially important fish and shellfish. The study complements existing research on the effects of hypoxia on aquatic life.
Scientists discovered over 37,000 new kinds of bacteria at two deep-sea hydrothermal vents, exceeding known archaea diversity by 12 times. The findings suggest that comprehensive surveys are necessary to capture the vast microbial diversity in these ecosystems.
The complete genetic sequence of Giardia lamblia has been completed, revealing opportunities for new drug and vaccine targets. The parasite's genome shows unusual proteins that could be exploited to treat or prevent infections.
The complete Giardia genome has been unlocked, revealing several unusual proteins that could lead to the development of new drugs. The parasite's unique genetic makeup is thought to have allowed it to evade the human immune system and survive for long periods in contaminated water.
Research published in BMC Evolutionary Biology shows that a snake's intended prey affects the type and evolution of toxins in their venom. The study found that sea snakes have less diverse toxins due to their shared feeding behavior and diet.
Scientists have developed a breakthrough laboratory technique to isolate and grow hair cells, essential sound detectors in the inner ear. This new method provides a reliable source for researchers studying inner-ear disorders, including hearing loss and balance problems.
A German-American research team has isolated bacteria from marine sediments that utilize propane and butane as their sole source of carbon and energy. These unique organisms employ an unprecedented biochemical mechanism to transform hydrocarbons into reactive metabolites.
Researchers found a correlation between predation intensity and global marine biodiversity, with increased predation rates preceding changes in armor morphology. The study suggests that ecological interactions may drive evolution, with predators driving diversity through drilling and repair scars.
The quality of giant bluefin tuna caught in the Gulf of Maine has declined significantly since the early 1990s, with potential changes in food sources and reproductive patterns. Researchers found that the condition of those fish caught is of much lower quality, with reduced fat content and a leaner appearance.
The University of Alaska Fairbanks has received funding for the first phase of the Alaska Region Research Vessel's construction, supporting research in high latitudes and facilitating global ocean science collaborations. The $123-million vessel will be capable of breaking ice up to 2.5 ft thick and accommodate 26 scientists and students.
University of Washington scientists track six penguins' movements using satellite technology to model energy requirements, understand breeding habits, and assess impact of human activities on their migration route. The project aims to improve conservation efforts for the Magellanic Penguin species.
Researchers at the University of Oregon discovered a fundamental genetic mechanism in a marine worm that determines cell diversity and plays a role in cancer. The beta-catenin signaling pathway was found to be highly conserved throughout the animal kingdom.
Five new species of nudibranchs, a group of mollusks lacking outer shells, have been discovered in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. The discovery may provide cures for diseases currently untreatable due to the sophisticated chemical defense mechanisms developed by these organisms.
NASA is supporting cutting-edge research at the Earth's polar regions with $18 million in funding for 33 scientific investigations. These studies focus on ice flow, air pollution, sea ice impact on ocean ecosystems, and glacier thickness measurement.
New research reveals that sharks rely on both olfactory systems and lateral lines to track odor sources, particularly in dark waters. This discovery sheds light on animal navigation underwater and has implications for the development of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs).
Researchers at Bigelow Laboratory have developed a new approach to studying marine microbes, allowing for the analysis of individual unicellular organisms. The method, which uses fluorescence-activated sorting and multi-locus DNA sequencing, enables the study of metabolic capabilities and identities of uncultured microbial taxa.
The University of California, San Diego (UCSD) and the University of Washington (UW) have been awarded multimillion-dollar contracts to support the development and operations of the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI). The OOI will establish a network of interactive, globally distributed sensors in the ocean, providing real-time data ...
A recent study reveals that sediments in New Orleans and Lake Pontchartrain are contaminated with fecal microbes, which persisted before the hurricanes and continue to impact water quality. The researchers recommend further investigation into the risks of exposure to human pathogens through contact with these sediments.
Conservation efforts in US and Mexico may be increasing loggerhead and Kemp's ridley turtles visiting UK waters. The research team attributes the increase to protective measures, such as turtle excluder devices in fishing nets.
A study by the University of Exeter found an increase in loggerhead and Kemp's ridley turtles in UK and French waters over the last twenty years. Protective measures in US and Mexican waters are believed to be the reason for this rise.
Researchers found that fish in schools escape using a relatively fixed chronological order, indicating a potential leadership structure. This study was conducted at the International Marine Centre in Sardinia, Italy, and will be presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology.
A new study using global ocean samples has revealed a vast array of microbial diversity, with the largest genomic dataset ever compiled. This massive data set includes over 6 billion base pairs of genetic material from marine microbes, which have been classified into thousands of distinct families.
Researchers have confirmed that cuttlefish employ night camouflage to adapt quickly to microhabitats on temperate rock reefs. The ability is key to their nighttime predator/prey interactions and fine-tuned visual system, allowing them to dominate the dark environment.