Articles tagged with Muscles
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Scientists have discovered that spinal modules in macaques can independently control forelimb force direction and magnitude, offering new insights into movement disorders and potential recovery methods. This finding, known as the 'spinal motor module hypothesis,' has significant implications for robotics and clinical medicine.
Researchers found that estrogen receptor beta is essential for female skeletal muscle growth and regeneration, promoting muscle stem cell proliferation and inhibiting cell death. In contrast, male mice lacking the ERβ gene did not show impaired muscle regenerative capacity, suggesting a gender-specific mechanism.
Researchers at Kumamoto University discovered that damaged muscle fibers leak components that activate dormant satellite cells. These cells then proliferate and regenerate muscle fibers, a highly rational mechanism for tissue repair. The study identifies metabolic enzymes like GAPDH as key activators of satellite cells.
A new Danish study from the University of Southern Denmark found that athletes can cycle longer by placing their glycogen close to force-producing structures in muscle cells. This discovery challenges traditional views on carbohydrate storage and its impact on endurance performance.
A collection of articles reviews the literature on using isokinetic testing to measure muscle strength in older adults with conditions such as COPD and stroke. The studies provide evidence for the validity and reliability of isokinetic strength testing, but highlight limitations in responsiveness and practicality.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have created a wearable exosuit that reduces lower back muscle fatigue in individuals working in physically demanding fields. The exosuit applies assistive forces to relieve strain on muscles and spine, reducing injury risks and improving safety for frontline workers.
Two important breakthroughs will be presented by Institute of Myology experts: a new genetic diagnosis for myopathy triggered by specific mutations, and an MRI study identifying spinal cord degeneration in ALS and FTD patients. The Muscle Atlas database will accelerate research, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches.
A new study from the University of Copenhagen found that postmenopausal women have impaired formation of small blood vessels in their muscles, which can lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Physical activity prior to menopause may help prevent this decline.
A new study published in the Journal of Physiology found that exercising before menopause is crucial for women to develop blood vessels in muscles and improve muscle strength. The research revealed that capillaries in skeletal muscle are essential for physical capacity, health, and insulin sensitivity, which can lead to Type II diabetes.
Researchers found that toe springs can reduce power output from the foot, leading to weaker muscles. The study suggests that this could contribute to conditions like plantar fasciitis.
A new study by University of Copenhagen scientists found that time-restricted feeding alters the rhythmic concentration of metabolites in blood and muscle, influencing gene expression and amino acid transport. The study suggests that time-restricted feeding's positive health impact may be driven by diet rather than the body's core clock.
A team of researchers from Columbia University and the Marine Biological Laboratory has made significant progress in cracking the neural code behind Hydra's contraction bursts. By manipulating water osmolarity, they found that it affects the activity of a neural circuit, triggering specific muscle cells to contract the torso.
An experimental study found that wearing footwear with toe springs requires less work from the muscles of the feet to walk than shoes with a flatter sole. The higher the upwards curve of the toes, the less work the foot muscles had to perform to support the joints when walking.
Researchers have found a way to restore muscle regeneration and prevent scarring in Duchenne muscular dystrophy by correcting the content of extracellular vesicles. This novel approach uses pharmacologically corrected vesicles to deliver HDAC inhibitors directly to muscles, overcoming systemic adverse effects.
Researchers found that short-term exercise increases DICER levels in fat cells, enabling muscles to adapt and release fatty acids for energy. This signaling axis between muscle and fat tissue is central to the adaptive response to exercise training.
Researchers found Botox short-term use in low doses does not cause significant bone loss, while higher doses were associated with reduced bone density. Long-term studies are needed to track potential cumulative effects.
A study found that endurance exercise improves mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscles but has no impact on adipose tissue. This difference affects insulin sensitivity, with women showing higher cellular respiration in adipose tissue than men.
Researchers discovered that rapamycin preserves muscle function by stabilizing neuromuscular junctions, a key factor in maintaining healthy muscles during aging. A molecular signature of sarcopenia was also identified, highlighting mTORC1 as the primary contributor to age-related muscle wasting.
Critical Illness Myopathy can be prevented by stretching patient peripheral muscles during ventilation phase, study suggests. Researchers discovered titin protein's role in muscle power and found defective spring leads to muscle tissue shrinkage.
A study found that administering ghrelin to older mice helped restore muscle mass and strength, suggesting a potential new treatment strategy. Unacylated ghrelin (UnAG) was shown to preserve muscle function and reduce the risk of age-related sarcopenia without causing weight gain.
Researchers discovered a vestigial first metacarpal in African wild dogs, reorganizing associated muscles for proprioceptive functions. They also identified stout ligaments and muscular adaptations for long-distance running, enabling the species to pursue prey to exhaustion.
A study found that inhibiting a specific signaling pathway can prevent microgravity-exposed mice from losing muscle and bone mass. The researchers tested this strategy by injecting a decoy receptor into the mice, resulting in similar increases in muscle and bone mass compared to untreated control mice.
A study analyzed CT scans from 54 frog families to show that burrowing frogs have a diverse and quirky skeleton. To train like a forward burrower, strengthen your upper back by doing exercises such as the Prone W and focus on building strength in the shoulder blade area with pullups and pushups.
Researchers discovered that individual muscle cell contractions provide essential information, enabling muscles to flex with precise control. This finding challenges the notion of 'noise' or error, revealing biological systems may have evolved to incorporate variation as a means of communication.
The study found a connection between dystrophic muscles and the lymphatic system in mice with Duchenne disease. The researchers identified changes in protein expression in the spleen, which suggests that the disease causes secondary effects on the immune response and inflammatory processes.
A new study published in the Journal of Nutrition suggests that vitamin C consumption is linked to higher skeletal muscle mass in older adults. The research, which analyzed data from over 13,000 participants, found that those with the highest amounts of vitamin C had the greatest estimated skeletal muscle mass.
Researchers have identified a non-invasive and targeted treatment to correct nerve damage and address the pervasive problem of fecal incontinence. Magnetic stimulation of nerves regulating muscles in the anus and rectum improves function and reduces episodes of fecal incontinence in patients.
A new study of 181 patients found that about 15% test positive for one or both newly discovered antibodies that attack the point of communication between nerves and muscle. Those who tested positive tended to be sicker when diagnosed and have a more severe disease course.
Researchers at the University of Alberta have found a way to accelerate nerve regrowth in trauma patients by three to five times, leading to better outcomes. The treatment, known as conditioning electrical stimulation (CES), involves electrically stimulating nerves before surgery, causing them to regenerate faster.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have shown that a treatment enhancing neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation can improve motor function and muscle strength in aged mice. The study's findings suggest that this approach may be effective in treating age-related motor impairment and muscular weakness.
Groundbreaking research from the University of South Australia confirms that smiling can alter perception of facial expressions and body language, generating more positive emotions. The study found that facial muscular activity stimulates the amygdala, releasing neurotransmitters to encourage an emotionally positive state.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School discovered that inhibiting the PHD3 enzyme improves mouse exercise capacity, running distance, and VO2 max. This finding sheds light on a key mechanism for fat metabolism and offers clues toward understanding muscle function and fitness.
A new study demonstrates the effectiveness of a Human-on-a-Chip technology in modeling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathology. The system reproduces assays used in clinics to assess ALS deficits, showing promise for accelerated drug development and treatment screening.
A six-week blueberry-enriched diet was found to increase human muscle progenitor cell numbers and reduce dead cells, while also lowering oxidative stress and increasing oxygen consumption rate. The study paves the way for future clinical interventions to support skeletal muscle regeneration in humans.
Researchers at McMaster University isolated genes that cause some people to gain muscle while others don't through a novel experiment. A set of 141 genes regulates skeletal muscle growth, and isolating these genes may help target lifestyle and drug therapies to prevent muscle loss in older individuals.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects both obese and non-obese individuals, with distinct differences found in male and female patients of varying body mass indexes. Key findings include lower skeletal muscle mass and insulin resistance in non-obese NAFLD patients compared to their obese counterparts.
A team of scientists identified a gene mutation that causes distal arthrogryposis (DA), a condition characterized by joint deformities and muscle loss. The MYLPF gene plays a crucial role in normal muscle development and function, and its mutations can lead to reduced muscle strength and degeneration.
A study found that smokers, even those with a lower body mass index (BMI), have a higher risk of depositing fat in organs and tissues compared to non-smokers. This excess fat can disrupt normal functions and increase health complications such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Researchers found that venomous rattlesnakes are slightly more vulnerable to threats in colder temperatures, but not significantly so. The snakes were able to strike quickly even at low temperatures, suggesting they may be using a mechanism beyond muscle contraction.
Scientists have developed a simple clinical test, the 'enhanced paper grip test,' to assess lower limb strength and predict falls. The test shows reliability and validity in detecting muscle weakness in patients with diabetes.
A study of 9,029 adults found that cystatin C-based kidney function was associated with lower odds of frailty, falls, and cardiovascular disease events. The difference between cystatin C- and creatinine-based kidney function could be used to predict adverse outcomes in older adults.
Researchers say that five to 10 days of physical inactivity can lead to muscle loss and chronic diseases. Older adults who walk fewer than 1,500 steps a day can lose up to 4 percent of their muscle tissue in just two weeks.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have developed an alternative energy source for muscle protein myosin, enabling controlled muscle activity and potentially treating conditions like cerebral palsy and chronic heart failure. The new energy source, Azobenzene triphosphate, has been shown to modulate myosin function and generate force and velo...
Research shows that plant proteins like soy and wheat can help maintain skeletal muscle mass with age, but a larger dose is required to achieve the same effect as animal protein. A balanced diet that includes both animal and plant-based proteins is recommended for optimal muscle health.
Researchers have discovered that neurons interact differently with the same muscle partner, revealing a previously unappreciated diversity in their propensity to respond to changes. The findings suggest that these subclasses of neurons exhibit distinct types of plasticity, which is essential for learning and memory.
The NETOIMS method effectively alleviates postoperative pain by inserting a needle in the muscle and electrically eliciting twitch responses, targeting strained muscle fibers. This technique results in improved circulation, relaxing the muscle and reducing postoperative complications after open abdominal surgery.
Adults who meet recommended weekly physical activity levels have a significantly lower risk of death. Engaging in sufficient muscle strengthening and aerobic activities provides greater survival benefits, with those fully meeting guidelines experiencing a 40% lower risk of death from any cause.
Research reveals that seabirds produce efficient propulsive wakes when flying and swimming, allowing them to move with minimal metabolic energy in both environments. However, the birds' wing movements indicate a cost to using their wings for movement in air and water.
Scientists have developed a 3D mathematical model of the paradise tree snake's flight, revealing that aerial undulation enhances rotational stability. The team measured over 100 live snake glides and found that undulation is essential for maintaining control during glides.
New research reveals that weightlifting strengthens the reticulospinal tract, a neural pathway controlling posture and movement. The study, published in JNeurosci, found that increased strength is driven by strengthened signaling in this pathway.
A synthetic molecule has been designed to stop production of a toxic protein that destroys muscles in people with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Researchers found that the treatment effectively reduced DUX4 production by over 99% and improved muscle cell function.
Long-term use of muscle relaxants has increased dramatically since 2005, particularly among older adults, who are prescribed these drugs at a rate nearly three times that of their proportion in the US population. This trend is concerning, as it can lead to dangerous interactions with opioids and other serious side effects.
Researchers at the University of Bonn identified a receptor that regulates two side effects of aging: increased abdominal girth and shrinking muscles. The A2B receptor is found in mice and human cell cultures, and its activation increases heat generation and muscle growth.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a family of soft materials that imitates living creatures, bending, rotating and even crawling on surfaces when hit with light. The materials move without complex hardware or electricity, and have potential applications in energy, environmental remediation and advanced medicine.
Scientists at Max Delbrück Center develop mouse model to study sarcomere structure and function, identifying key proteins involved in muscle contraction and relaxation. They discover that myosin enters the Z-disc, challenging current models of sarcomere mechanics.
A study finds that distal femoral cortical irregularities (DFCI) occur in over half of young competitive alpine skiers, primarily due to repetitive stress on tendon attachment sites. DFCI should not be mistaken for cancer or infection and are associated with increased bone remodeling and fibrous proliferation.
Low physical function and muscle mass after hip fracture increase the risk of accelerated bone deterioration in older patients. Substantial decrements in physical function, muscle strength occur after hip fracture, markedly increasing the risk for subsequent fractures.
Researchers found that skeletal muscles release interleukin-15, which helps to settle and activate T-cell precursors. This enables the immune system to fight chronic infections over long periods. Regular training may strengthen the immune system by increasing muscle mass.
Research shows that just one 60-minute bout of exercise can shift the muscle clocks of mice by around an hour, influencing circadian rhythms. This discovery highlights the potential of exercise as a treatment for conditions like heart disease, where disrupted body clocks are a contributing factor.
A new study from Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital found that three hours of weekly strength training combined with protein supplements can break the vicious circle of muscle loss in patients with cirrhosis. This leads to improved muscle strength, size, functional capacity, and quality of life.