Study reveals an ancient gene for lean
Researchers found an antiobesity gene that has kept critters lean since ancient times. Increased activity in fat tissue leads to a slimmer animal and better metabolic function.
Worms
Articles tagged with Worms
Marine worm opens new window on early cell development
Researchers at the University of Oregon discovered a fundamental genetic mechanism in a marine worm that determines cell diversity and plays a role in cancer. The beta-catenin signaling pathway was found to be highly conserved throughout the animal kingdom.
Modern brains have an ancient core
Researchers have discovered that modern brain centers containing hormones show similarities to those found in marine worm-like ancestors. These hormone-secreting cells are multifunctional and have sensory properties, suggesting they played a key role in conveying environmental cues to the body.
27-year wait for symptoms
A woman's symptoms of colitis emerged 27 years after she left the country where she was infected with a parasitic worm. Analysis revealed larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis caused her digestive issues, highlighting the importance of considering this rare disease in patients with cellular immune defects.
Left-right wiring determined by neural communication in the embryonic worm
Scientists at Rockefeller University have identified a key player in the development of left-right asymmetry in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. A gene involved in gap junctions establishes communication between neurons on opposite sides, allowing them to coordinate their activity and create permanent differences. This discovery p...
Scientists discover new life in the Antarctic deep sea
A recent study published in Nature reveals the discovery of over 700 new species in the Antarctic deep sea, including carnivorous sponges and crustaceans. The research suggests that the glacial cycle led to an intermingling of species from shallow and deep water habitats, redefining our understanding of ocean evolution.
Fly and worm models to teach researchers about human biology and medicine
The modENCODE project will analyze the genomes of Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans to identify functional elements, such as regulatory sequences and non-coding genes. These findings will aid in understanding human biology and medicine by providing insights into the conservation of genetic mechanisms across species.
Salk researchers discover first gene that specifically links calorie restriction to longevity
Researchers at Salk Institute discover critical gene PHA-4 that specifically links calorie restriction to increased longevity in mice and other species. This breakthrough opens the door to developing drugs that mimic calorie restriction's effects, potentially allowing people to reap health benefits without adhering to an austere regimen.
Researchers find level of special protein is critical to proper formation of muscles
A new study reveals that precise levels of the special protein UNC-45 are crucial for proper muscle formation. Having too much or too little UNC-45 can disrupt myosin assembly, leading to muscle paralysis and other health issues.
SourceUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston·JournalJournal of Cell Biology·DateApr 23, 2007
The origin of the brain lies in a worm
The study reveals surprising similarities in the developing CNS of Platynereis embryos and vertebrates, suggesting that the vertebrate nervous system is probably much older than expected. This finding provides strong evidence for a theory that vertebrates and annelid CNS are of common descent.
LSTM to lead multimillion dollar fight against filariasis
The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine has received a $23 million grant to develop new combinations of potential filariasis drugs using state-of-the-art technologies. The programme aims to target bacteria inside the worms, without which they cannot survive, offering a new method to control and treat diseases affecting over 150 milli...
Molecular 'fishing' technique paves way for advanced hand-held sensing devices
Researchers at Duke University developed a new molecular 'fishing' technique using atomic force microscopy, allowing for fast and precise measurement of chemical concentrations. The method could be adapted for various chemicals and made faster by parallel testing.
Mutant gene shatters nerves
A University of Utah study found that a mutant gene that affects nerve-cell elasticity may have contributed to spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5), a disease previously linked to President Abraham Lincoln's family. The discovery raises the possibility that Lincoln himself may have had SCA5.
Could the ability to expel worms lead to a future asthma treatment?
Researchers found that manipulating proteins in the immune system could lead to new treatments for asthma, which shares similarities with parasitic infections. The study's findings suggest that targeting specific cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13, may help prevent lung damage in asthmatic patients.
New clues to how sex evolves
Researchers identify key genes and proteins involved in bringing chromosomes together during meiosis, shedding light on the evolution of sex. The study provides new insights into the role of zinc-finger proteins in stabilizing chromosome interactions during pairing.
Tiny worm provides model for the genetics of nicotine dependence
Researchers have identified TRP channel genes as crucial in nicotine dependence, which could lead to new treatments for tobacco addiction. The study uses C. elegans worms as a model to understand the genetics of nicotine dependence.
By 2048 all current fish, seafood species projected to collapse
A report warns of impending catastrophic collapse of all fish and seafood species by 2048, citing accelerating marine biodiversity loss as the primary cause. The study highlights the far-reaching consequences of this loss, including decreased ecosystem services such as water quality maintenance and coastal protection.
Gut check
A CU-Boulder research team has discovered over 200 suspected parasite burrows in a well-preserved duck-billed dinosaur, indicating the presence of tiny worms similar to annelids and nematodes. The findings provide evidence for interactions between dinosaurs and invertebrates.
No guts, no worries
Researchers have characterized a gutless worm that relies on microbial specialists for energy production, waste handling, and transportation through marine sediments. The unique partnership involves the worm providing housing and nutrients to microbes in exchange for essential services.
Targeting wolbachia, doxycycline reduces pathology of lymphatic filariasis
A new study published in PLOS Pathogens suggests that doxycycline can reduce the pathology of lymphatic filariasis by targeting Wolbachia bancrofti. The treatment shows promise as an ameliorating option for individuals with adult worms, potentially providing relief from debilitating swelling and genital areas.
Scientists discover age-regulated cellular activities that protect against protein aggregation
Researchers found two opposing mechanisms protecting cells from protein aggregation: one breaks down aggregates, while the other transforms smaller ones into less toxic high-molecular-weight aggregates. This discovery may lead to new therapies for age-related Neurodegenerative Diseases.
New research points toward mechanism of age-onset toxicity of Alzheimer's protein
A study by Salk Institute researchers reveals that aging is a critical factor in the buildup of toxic beta amyloid aggregates in the brain. The team found that cells use an unexpected two-pronged strategy to rid themselves of these aggregates, with high molecular weight species being less toxic than smaller ones.
Study provides new insights into brain organization
A new study by Newcastle University and the International University Bremen found that long nerve fibre connections are essential for brain function, contradicting a prevailing theory. The research used computer analysis of public databases to show that long fibres can send messages quickly over longer distances compared to short fibres.
'Friend' protein keeps nerve signals in check
The newly discovered tomosyn protein appears to play a key role in regulating synaptic release of neurotransmitters, suggesting its involvement in learning and memory. Mutant worms lacking tomosyn exhibit excessive neurotransmitter release, highlighting the protein's negative regulatory effect on synapse efficiency.
Velvet worm brains reveal secret sisterhood with spiders
Researchers have found that velvet worms, ancient creatures thought to be similar to ancestors of modern arthropods, share brain structures more closely related to those of spiders and scorpions than initially thought. This discovery sheds new light on the evolutionary origin of these fascinating animals.
U. of Colorado team solves mystery of carcinogenic mothballs
The research team showed that naphthalene can block enzymes that initiate programmed cell death, leading to unchecked cellular proliferation and cancer. The study used a common worm known as C. elegans to develop a systematic way to screen potential cancer-causing chemicals in humans.
Proteins linked to cancer prevention in humans affect aging in worms
Researchers discovered that eliminating checkpoint proteins in microscopic worms increased their lifespan by 15-30%. This finding raises questions about the potential link between genetic variations in checkpoint proteins and cancer risk in humans. The study opens new avenues of inquiry into aging and cancer prevention.
Worms hold clue to link between cancer and ageing in humans
Researchers genetically removed checkpoint proteins in nematode worms, resulting in a 15-30% increase in lifespan. This discovery suggests that these proteins have a dual function in both dividing and non-dividing cells, influencing both aging and cancer.
Parasitic worms used to fight bowel disease
Researchers found that parasites can modulate immune responses and reduce inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. The study suggests that improved hygiene may be responsible for the rise of IBD in developed societies.
How healthy is that marsh? Biologists count parasites
Researchers are using California horn snails as a 'data logger' to monitor trematode populations and infer predator-prey relationships in wetland ecosystems. The study found that higher parasite counts were associated with more bird species, indicating the effectiveness of this method for assessing biodiversity.
Researchers look to nature for design inspiration
Scientists mimic worm brains and fish jaws to develop brain-inspired sensors and gain insight into human memory formation. Researchers also explore biological inspiration for legged robots, prosthetics, and tissue engineering.
Some like it hot: Worms at deep-sea vents favor a fiery 45-55°C
Researchers found that worms dwelling at ocean depths of 2,200 meters prefer temperatures around 50 degrees Celsius, outperforming other species. This adaptation allows them to graze on bacterial lawns that no other organism can access, with some species succumbing to heat quickly.
Worm's hunger response provides clue to eating disorders
Researchers discovered a biochemical reaction controlling how the worm feeds, which may help understand feeding disorders. The study suggests that inappropriate behavioral responses to starvation signals could be the cause of feeding disorders in mammals.
Starvation response in worms points to common hunger pathway
Researchers have identified a conserved role for the muscarinic acetylcholine pathway in animal starvation responses, suggesting potential insights into eating disorders. The study found that starvation activates the MAPK enzyme in the pharyngeal muscles of C. elegans worms.
Understanding the life of C. elegans
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have identified a new gene called DAF-36 that converts cholesterol into the active ligands for the DAF-12 nuclear receptor. These ligands promote C. elegans reproductive capacity and prevent dauer diapause, a long-lived larval phase.
Global program to eliminate elephantiasis has early success in Egypt
After five years of mass treatments, rates of filarial infection have sharply declined in Egypt. The Egyptian campaign to eliminate these infections has achieved its goals in most areas, with the parasite's transmission efficiency being low enough for remaining infections to die out on their own.
Elephantiasis close to elimination in Egypt
Mass drug administration has led to sharp falls in infection rates and transmission in both study areas. The Egyptian national programme is likely to be successful if sentinel villages are representative of communities included in the programme.
For the first time: Longevity modulated without disrupting life-sustaining function
Researchers identified a protein, Smk-1, that regulates longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans without affecting other insulin signaling pathway functions. This finding raises the prospect of medically tweaking this pathway to slow aging and improve quality of life.
Worm hormone discovery may aid fight against parasitic disease
A UT Southwestern researchers discovered a hormone-like molecule that aids in the development and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans, a common research worm. The molecule, called a ligand, acts like a key fitting into a lock, binding to a nuclear receptor that activates genes allowing the worm to develop normally.
New possibilities to fight pests with biological means
Scientists identified a gene TPS10 that produces a specific scent attracting parasitic wasps to damaged corn plants. The wasps needed an initial exposure to both the scent and the caterpillar to react properly.
SourceMax-Planck-Gesellschaft·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 17, 2006
Smithsonian guide to the biodiverse marine environment of Panama's Bocas del Toro
The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute presents a comprehensive guide to the marine invertebrates of Bocas del Toro, with over 3000 documented species. The study highlights the region's high diversity and sets the stage for future research and conservation efforts.
Fertility genes discovered at Rugters
Researchers at Rutgers University have discovered two key fertility genes in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, which are essential for successful fertilization. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding human infertility and may lead to new treatments.
Teaching worms good taste: Researcher reveals the cell biology of learning at ASCB meeting
Researchers have identified a link between olfactory learning and serotonin regulation in C. elegans worms, which learn to associate pathogens with aversion through bitter experience. The study suggests that this form of associative learning is an acute modification of innate preferences.
Worms know bad food when they smell it
Researchers have found that C. elegans worms can modify their olfactory preferences to avoid toxic bacteria, and this learning is mediated by the neurotransmitter serotonin. The worms can learn to associate certain bacteria with nausea after just four hours of exposure, and this avoidance behavior is crucial for their survival.
Worm parasite may hold clues in bid for illness and allergy cures
Researchers explore role of worm parasites in immune system regulation, discovering potential cure for tropical diseases like filariasis and schistosomiasis. The study also holds promise for treating autoimmune conditions such as diabetes, asthma, and hay fever.
Tiny worms paving way for better anesthetics
Researchers used tiny worms to study the genetic factors affecting anesthetic response, identifying 10 genes that modify its effects. This breakthrough aims to design more specific and effective anesthetics with minimal adverse effects.
Rhythm gene discovered
Scientists found a gene named vav-1 that controls the timing of basic activities in nematode worms, including swallowing food, laying eggs, and defecating. The gene is related to human genes linked to cancer, suggesting it may be used to develop new treatments.
Evolutionary conservation of a mechanism of longevity from worms to mammals
Researchers found that reducing clk-1/mclk1 activity promotes longevity in mice, similar to the effect seen in C. elegans. The study also discovered that mclk null cells have a growth advantage due to resistance to oxidative stress.
Deep sea buffet for bone-devouring worms
Researchers discovered a unique partnership between Osedax worms and their symbiotic bacteria, allowing them to turn over large amounts of organic carbon at an accelerated rate. This process can potentially aid understanding of adaptation between animals and microbes.
Hebrew U. / Johns Hopkins study provides clues to dealing with human disease
Scientists have made a breakthrough in understanding cell mutations that cause human diseases, particularly in children, by studying the C. elegans worm.
SourceThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 30, 2005
Novel plague virulence factor identified
Researchers at Duke University identified a novel virulence factor in Yersinia pestis using the C. elegans worm model, which mimics mammalian infection mechanisms. The discovery could aid in developing strategies to protect humans from plague and improve understanding of innate immune responses.
UC Riverside researchers discover model organism for studying viruses that affect humans
Researchers have discovered a strain of the C. elegans nematode worm that can replicate animal viruses, allowing for a better understanding of how hosts control viral infections. The findings also reveal an antiviral response known as RNA silencing or RNA interference, which breaks down virus RNA.
Worm studies give researchers new perspective on embryo formation
Scientists have developed a detailed view of early embryo development in Caenorhabditis elegans, revealing molecular interaction networks that drive growth and specialization. The 'molecular machines' identified by the researchers coordinate proper development, with potential roles for unstudied genes.
Tiny roundworm's telomeres help scientists to tease apart different types of aging
Researchers at Salk Institute demonstrate that telomere length does not dictate aging and lifespan, contradicting previous assumptions. They found that non-dividing cells, such as nerve cells, play a crucial role in aging, and targeting telomeres alone is insufficient to prevent accelerated aging.
Fluorescing lab worms signal longer life spans, reports CU-Boulder team
Researchers used a fluorescent marker to predict individual life spans of genetically engineered nematodes, revealing up to four-fold variation in lifespan based on stress levels. The study suggests chance metabolic processes dictate aging rates in genetically identical organisms raised in similar environments.
Ten million Africans treated by international disease treatment programme
The Schistosomiasis Control Initiative has treated over ten million people in sub-Saharan Africa with a single dose of praziquantel, reducing the burden of illness for millions. The programme, supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, also aims to raise awareness about the disease through education programmes.
Antibiotics help combat dangerous tropical disease
Researchers found that doxycyclin effectively killed micro-filariae and adult Wuchereria worms, reducing symptoms of elephantiasis. The antibiotic's low side-effect profile and affordability make it a promising treatment option for this disease.
Antibiotic treatment successful against elephantiasis
A recent study found that an 8-week course of doxycycline effectively eliminated adult Wuchereria bancrofti worms, a key cause of elephantiasis. The treatment also reduced larval offspring populations, suggesting a promising approach for mass treatment.
Parasite whips up ideas for bowel cancer treatments
Researchers found that the immune system can control disease by increasing cell renewal in the intestine, allowing parasites to be expelled naturally. This discovery may lead to new ideas for treating inflammatory bowel diseases and bowel cancer.
Studying glial cells in the roundworm may provide insight into human brain diseases
Researchers have discovered that glial cells in roundworms play a crucial role in forming tubes around neurons, similar to myelination in the human brain. This process is essential for neuron function and is also similar to the process of myelination, which is critical for healthy nerve impulses.