Articles tagged with Digestion
Researchers identified predictive molecular biomarkers for non-response to anti-TNF and anti-integrin therapies in UC. Biomarkers in innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as proteolytic degradation, were found to be predictive of therapy non-response.
Researchers built an artificial antrum to study the complex flow patterns and mechanical stresses in the stomach. The prototype revealed a classifying effect based on droplet breakup and transport phenomena, showing how lower stomach contraction waves classify foods.
A team of researchers from Aalto University and other institutions have developed a method to monitor the digestion of DNA nanostructures by endonucleases in real time. This study provides insights into tunable drug delivery and new design paradigms for DNA-based drug-carriers, with potential applications in cancer treatment.
Researchers at UBC Okanagan found breadfruit protein is easier to digest than wheat, promoting healthy growth rates and body composition in mice. The study supports the use of breadfruit as part of a balanced diet due to its gluten-free, low glycemic index and nutrient-dense profile.
A new report from the Institute for Scientific Information on Coffee suggests that coffee consumption may have beneficial effects on digestion, including reducing the risk of gallstone disease and pancreatitis. Moderate coffee consumption is also associated with improved gut motility and supporting beneficial gut bacteria.
Researchers developed a computational model that maximizes economic return on anaerobic digestion systems, accounting for uncertainty and key factors such as farm size and species. The model identifies optimal locations, capacities, and service areas to generate profit from farm-based sustainable energy projects.
Research from The Francis Crick Institute found that gut bacteria activate a specific gene called Ahr in intestinal nerves, promoting healthy digestion and peristalsis. This relationship can be disrupted in cases of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), highlighting the importance of maintaining a balanced gut microbiome.
A multi-institutional team led by Colorado State University aims to improve the economic and environmental sustainability of anaerobic digestion. They plan to redesign bioreactors using renewable electrons to produce valuable products such as hexanoic acid and isobutanol, reducing methane production and carbon dioxide emissions.
Researchers found that bariatric surgery triggers the release of higher levels of gut hormones, particularly GLP-1, leading to increased insulin production and improved glucose control. The study suggests a new mechanism for weight loss and diabetes management after surgery.
A recent study found that consuming milk at breakfast with high-protein content reduces postprandial blood glucose concentration and increases feelings of satiety. This effect is more pronounced when whey protein is present, which can aid in slower digestion of carbohydrates and maintain lower blood sugar levels.
The presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) drives the digestion process of dead cells through efferocytosis. This mechanism helps limit host inflammation and regulates the immune response. Producing optimal levels of ROS is essential to prevent autoimmune disease and chronic conditions.
A recent study published in Cell Host and Microbe found that bacteria in the small intestine play a vital role in fat digestion and absorption. The researchers discovered that high-fat Western diets stimulate the growth of beneficial microbes in the small intestine, which then produce digestive enzymes to break down dietary fat.
A new study found that specific bacteria in the small intestine play a key role in fat absorption and digestion, with certain microbes multiplying in response to high-fat foods. The findings suggest that these microbes facilitate the production and secretion of digestive enzymes, enabling rapid absorption of calorie-dense foods.
Researchers from UBC Okanagan have developed a novel approach to control odor and pathogens in anaerobic digestion, reducing sulfuric gases by 93% and pathogenic fecal coliforms by 83%. The technique uses common commercial chemicals and has minimal annual costs of $10,000.
Researchers at Concordia University have developed a low-temperature process using psychrophilic bacteria to break down food waste, producing methane comparable to traditional anaerobic digestion processes. The study shows promise for reducing the global impact of food waste on climate change and energy demands.
Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University have discovered how to protect yeast cells from invasion by selfish mitochondrial DNA molecules. Using uncouplers, which decrease the efficiency of mitochondrial energy conversion, functional mtDNA outcompetes harmful mtDNA variants in a process called mitochondrial turnover.
A new study reveals that varmint hunters' choice of ammunition plays a crucial role in the amount of lead ingested by scavenger birds, such as golden eagles. Researchers found that smaller-caliber bullets produce more fragments, which are more likely to be eaten by wildlife.
In a controlled study, researchers found that two aye-ayes and a slow loris could discriminate between varying concentrations of alcohol and preferred the highest concentrations. The findings support the idea that fermented foods were important in human ancestors' diets, potentially pre-adapting humans for the Neolithic Revolution.
Researchers found that dairy farm waste treated with an advanced anaerobic digestion system still contained high levels of estrogens and antibiotics, which can harm wildlife and contribute to antibiotic resistance. The study highlights the need for improved treatment techniques to remove these chemicals from waste.
Aydin Farajidavar's grant will create a safe method to monitor stomach electrical impulses and rhythmic movements. The device, called WINGS, will be wirelessly recharged and transmit data on stomach signals to doctors.
Scientists have discovered how earthworms digest plant material despite toxic chemicals produced by plants. The discovery highlights the importance of drilodefensins, molecules in the earthworm gut that counteract plant defenses.
A new study reveals that biologically active molecules, including exorphins, are released during digestion of real bread and pasta. These molecules can pass through the gut lining and potentially have a biological effect on the body.
A study has demonstrated that alginate-enriched bread can inhibit fat digestion and circulatory lipids in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The results show a significant reduction of up to 31% in fat digestion, suggesting its potential use as a therapeutic weight management therapy.
Researchers found that boiling pasta releases some gluten proteins, while others persist throughout cooking and digestion. This discovery could lead to new strategies for managing wheat allergies and celiac disease.
Researchers at the University of Granada have successfully modified a type of lactose protein called beta-lactoglobulin using pulsed light, making it easier to digest. The treatment facilitates digestion, particularly in the small intestine, without altering the protein's functional properties.
A Monash University study reveals the detailed structure of milk during digestion, providing insights into its interaction with the human digestive system. The research could lead to the development of new milk products and a new system for drug delivery.
Researchers found that gastric bypass surgery increases insulin and GLP-1 levels after meals, helping patients manage type 2 diabetes. The study used catheters to mimic pre-operative digestion and compared hormonal activity post-surgery.
William Beaumont's 238 experiments with Alexis St. Martin, a fur trader who suffered an accidental gunshot wound in 1822, form the basis of early knowledge on digestion. He discovered hydrochloric acid and proposed the existence of pepsin, a key digestive chemical.
The EUREKA project BIO-EXPERTISE has developed a methodological guide to biomethanisation, allowing for more efficient waste treatment in Spain. The research improved the treatment of urban waste, increasing biogas production and electricity generation.
Researchers at Newcastle University found that the compounds in green tea are more effective against key triggers of Alzheimer's development when digested by enzymes in the gut. The study also suggests that these compounds have anti-cancer properties, slowing down the growth of tumour cells.
Researchers at Norwich BioScience Institutes have identified a mechanism to slow down fat digestion by introducing surfactants, which break down protein layers and enhance enzyme activity. This discovery may lead to the development of foods with slower fat digestion rates, inducing satiety.
Researchers at Michigan State University are developing a cost-effective technology to turn animal waste into usable heat, electricity, and other valuable products. The Anaerobic Digestion Research and Education Center aims to provide scalable, modular systems for smaller farms to convert waste into resources.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have determined the importance of mixing in anaerobic digesters, which can produce biogas with manure waste, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and groundwater contamination. The study suggests that increasing mixing intensity is crucial for successful operations.
A study found that digestion alters the structure of tea catechins and their anticancer activity. Digestion significantly reduced anticancer activity in colon cancer cells but had little effect on black tea. The findings suggest that better understanding digestion's impact on tea can lead to changes in product formulation and preparation.
Crocodilians divert blood through a special vessel called the left aorta to bypass their lungs during digestion. This unique system enables them to secrete gastric acid at an unprecedented rate, facilitating digestion and survival. By shunting CO2-rich blood straight to the stomach, crocodilians maintain optimal digestive conditions.
A study suggests that geophagy, or deliberate soil ingestion, may enhance the pharmacological properties of plants eaten by chimpanzees. The research found that mixing soil with plant parts increased their anti-malarial activity. Geophagy has been observed in other animals and has implications for conservation and human health.
A study by Purdue University found that citrus juices and vitamin C enable more of green tea's unique antioxidants to remain after digestion. The researchers discovered that lemon juice had the most profound impact, followed by orange, lime, and grapefruit juices.
Researchers have discovered a novel sugar digestion pathway in Pyrococcus furiosus, utilizing non-related enzymes. The organism's unique ability to withstand high temperatures makes its enzymes industrially valuable.
Researchers found that the central clock is insensitive to food stimuli and can be overridden by peripheral clocks. This discovery provides insight into the complex circuits connecting brain and body during feeding patterns.
A recent study by Ohio State University researchers found that a chemical called tumor necrosis factor (TNF) directly stimulates the brain's digestive control center, causing nausea and vomiting. Elevated TNF levels can lead to long-term changes in digestion function, resulting in persistent symptoms.
Researchers have found that a tough protein wall in sorghum seeds slows down digestion, but Hamaker's work identified an uncommon variety with improved digestibility. The study could lead to more nutritious sorghum crops for human consumption and animal feed.
Teenage girls with lactose intolerance can consume dairy products daily without discomfort, as they adapt to increased consumption over three weeks. The study's findings suggest that slowly adding dairy to the diet can help alleviate bloating and gas, while still meeting calcium needs.
Research suggests that salivary acetaldehyde produced by heavy drinking is carcinogenic in humans. ALDH2-deficient Asians have higher rates of digestive tract cancers due to inability to eliminate acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde accumulation increases risk of cancer, especially among heavy drinkers and those with poor oral hygiene.
A new scientific study investigated whether olestra-based potato and corn chips cause unpleasant symptoms, finding no significant difference between the two groups. Participants reported an average of one more day with more frequent bowel movements in the olestra group, but this effect was not substantial.