Articles tagged with Plant Breeding
Researchers discovered that plant immune proteins condense into droplets to become activated and protect against infections. Phase separation plays a crucial role in the activation of TIR domain proteins, a class of important immune receptors.
The Global Hemp Innovation Center is working with 13 Native American Tribes and other partners to spur economic development through sustainable supply chains and education. The project aims to create jobs in the emergent biobased economy and explore industrial uses of hemp.
Researchers utilized femtosecond X-ray crystallography to track structural alterations in PSII after laser flash illumination. The findings revealed intricate dynamics of electron transfer, proton release, and substrate water delivery, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying oxygenic photosynthesis.
A team of University of Copenhagen researchers has created a large reference catalogue of plant cell wall compositions from 287 species, representing the entire plant kingdom. The study reveals that carbohydrate composition is more closely related to a plant's family history than its habitat and growth form.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have developed a new software tool called CoreDetector to improve plant breeding through enhanced genome-sequencing powers. The tool can efficiently handle large and evolutionary diverse genomes, allowing for more resilient crops in a changing climate.
A team of scientists led by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture has been awarded a $3.57 million grant to develop spinach cultivars resistant to fungal pathogens. The project aims to expedite breeding for disease resistance, reducing fungicide use and supporting sustainable spinach production.
Researchers identified genetic mutations in peas that enable high iron accumulation, opening doors for biofortification of staple crops like wheat and barley. This breakthrough has the potential to reduce iron deficiency anaemia globally.
Researchers found that cold temperatures increase glucosinolate levels in some kale varieties, while others decrease it. This affects the nutritional value of the plant, with curly kale and Lacinato kale showing different responses to temperature.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have found evidence for evolutionary syndromes in wild tomatoes, which explain the development of their unique color, sweetness, acidity, and aroma. The study provides valuable insights into how fruits evolve in the wild and will be useful for breeding more nutritious and appealing varieties of fruits.
A team of researchers at the University of Johannesburg has made a groundbreaking discovery about how tomato plants defend themselves against the devastating ToCSV virus. By studying the molecular genetics of infected tomato varieties, they found that viral DNA methylation plays a crucial role in resistance to ToCSV.
Researchers successfully modified the ethylene synthesis pathway in the Japanese luxury melon to increase its shelf-life. The study found that introducing a mutation into the CmACO1 gene reduced ethylene generation, resulting in firmer fruit and longer shelf life.
Plant roots detect temperature changes and adjust their growth accordingly. Researchers found that root cells produce more auxin in response to elevated temperatures, stimulating cell division and allowing roots to grow deeper into the soil. This discovery could help develop new approaches for plant breeding against climate change.
Researchers discovered that BraRGL1 interacts with BraSOC1 to regulate bolting and flowering in Brassica rapa. Overexpression of BraRGL1 promotes stalk development, while loss-of-function mutants display advanced flower bud differentiation.
Biotechnology holds promise for saving endangered tree species through a combination of traditional breeding approaches and innovative genetic engineering. The study emphasizes the need for public acceptance and regulators' support to harness biotech's potential.
A study of maize hybrid varieties over 81 years found that while maize's tolerance to moderate heat stress has improved, its tolerance to severe heat stress has decreased. This shift in tolerance could have significant implications for climate change's impact on agriculture.
A study by the University of Tsukuba found that changes in F1-hybrid metabolites lead to increased biomass in Arabidopsis plants. The researchers analyzed 202 Arabidopsis lines and found altered production of intermediate metabolites of the TCA cycle in high-heterosis combinations.
The study uses AI-assisted methods to discover novel deaminase proteins with unique functions through structural prediction and classification, expanding the utility of base editors. New DNA base editors with remarkable features were developed, enabling tailor-made applications for various breeding efforts.
Researchers developed a novel DNA marker-based system for identifying Japanese citrus cultivars, enabling quick detection of counterfeit fruit. The method can accurately identify cultivar-specific DNA polymorphisms within minutes, safeguarding Japan's unique citrus industry and its breeders.
Researchers have unlocked the large-scale genomic analysis of foxtail millet, an important cereal crop that has been grown for roughly 11,000 years. The study identified key genes and marker-panels for its evolution and improvement in different environments.
Researchers have identified a novel gene WTS that confers broad-spectrum resistance to clubroot disease in Brassica crops. The WTS protein complex functions as an endoplasmic reticulum-localized calcium release channel, increasing cytosolic calcium ions and activating plant defenses.
Despite years of research, few salt-tolerant crops have been released commercially. KAUST researchers argue that increasing crop salinity tolerance is essential due to climate change impacts. New genetic tools and approaches like grafting or domesticating wild species can help develop more resilient crops.
A study using multiple-model GWAS identified optimal allelic combinations of quantitative trait loci for higher malic acid content in tomatoes. The researchers deciphered the polygenic architecture of malic acid content and provided new genetic insights into its evolution during breeding.
Researchers develop PrimeRoot, a tool for efficient and precise targeted insertion of large DNA segments in plants, achieving efficiencies up to 6% and inserting segments up to 11.1 kb.
Researchers discovered that adding cell layers to corn bran can increase iron and zinc content by up to 35% and 15%, respectively. The technique also enhances anthocyanin production, a natural pigment in corn prized for its colorant properties.
Researchers at Nagoya University used PESI/MS/MS to analyze anthocyanins in crops, detecting 81 types of compounds in just 3 minutes. This technique simplifies and accelerates the analysis of plant metabolites, which contribute to crop quality and functionality.
Researchers have made significant discoveries about DELLA proteins, a family of 'promiscuous' proteins that regulate various plant functions. The study reveals complex interactions between DELLA proteins and transcription factors, which could lead to designing new crops with improved resilience and yields.
Scientists have identified specific genetic variants in wheat and barley that enable plants to adapt to nitrogen deficiency by increasing root growth and improving nitrogen content. These findings offer promising opportunities for plant breeding to develop varieties with enhanced nitrogen use efficiency.
Researchers discovered a plant biological clock-regulated mechanism that helps plants tolerate cold temperatures and damage from bright light. The mechanism, controlled by the SIG5 gene, signals proteins in chloroplasts to protect against environmental stress, potentially improving crop resilience for colder climates.
A University of Illinois project uses AI-powered object recognition to quantify kernel damage in wheat, enabling faster disease analysis and improved resistance. The technology has shown promising results, with potential for an online portal to automate scoring and support breeders in their efforts to eliminate fusarium head blight.
Researchers have developed a new method for downregulating gene translation in plants using upstream open reading frames (uORFs). The study, published in Nature Biotechnology, demonstrates the potential for precise and incremental regulation of gene expression.
The faba bean genome has been fully sequenced for the first time, providing a genetic toolkit for breeding lines with beneficial traits. This achievement aims to improve nutritional content and sustainability of production, with a focus on increasing UK-grown pulses and promoting plant-based diets.
Researchers have developed a robotic system called AngleNet that measures leaf angles on corn plants, providing plant breeders with accurate data more quickly. The technology uses stereo vision and deep convolutional neural networks to capture images of leaves at different heights, enabling 3D modeling and precise measurements.
Researchers have decoded the genetic composition of self-incompatibility in grasses, enabling new breeding strategies. The study found that two loci control self-incompatibility, allowing for more diverse populations to be bred.
A team has achieved a clonal efficiency of 95%, allowing the mass production of hybrid seeds and enabling farmers to save and replant rice from season to season. This breakthrough could help meet global food demands sustainably.
A study from Cornell University found that broccoli grows abnormally in warmer temperatures, resembling cauliflower. Researchers identified the genetic basis of this phenomenon, revealing that DNA methylation plays a key role in regulating floral development and causing abnormal growth.
A WSU-led survey found that US consumers value grape taste more than gene editing, with appearance and pesticide concerns ranking second and third respectively. Most participants were indifferent to the use of CRISPR technology in table grapes.
Researchers discovered a species of grass, seashore paspalum, that can tolerate diverse stresses and aid in crop development. The study revealed the plant responds to nutrient deprivation by doubling its production of a sugary molecule called trehalose, which helped corn seedlings grow faster and larger without added nutrients.
Researchers at Washington State University found that two types of quinoa bred specifically for the Pacific Northwest climate worked well as a high-fiber, high-protein additive flour in commercial cookies. Preliminary results show people preferred sugar cookies with 10% quinoa flour over traditional wheat flour cookies.
A simple breeding experiment identified genes that promote cooperation and higher yields in plant populations. Plants with specific alleles were found to produce 15% more biomass when grown in close proximity, while reducing root competition.
Researchers developed disease-resistant maize genotypes for smallholder farmers, increasing safe yields and reducing aflatoxin contamination. The findings offer a promising strategy to protect food security in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Researchers have developed perennial rice that allows farmers to plant once and harvest up to eight times, reducing labor and costs. The crop provides significant environmental benefits, including improved soil quality and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
A research team led by the IPK Leibniz Institute has identified a new resistance mechanism for winter barley against two major viruses, BaYMV and BaMMV. By targeting the PDIL5-1 gene using Cas9 gene scissors, the researchers were able to establish novel resistances in barley varieties.
The Honeycrisp apple genome has been sequenced, providing valuable resources for understanding genetic traits and enhancing breeding efforts. The U.S. apple industry is worth $23 billion annually, with Honeycrisp being its most valuable cultivar due to its favorable traits such as crispness and cold-hardiness.
Researchers found evidence supporting a new theory on how chromosome recombination is regulated during sexual reproduction. By manipulating protein expressions in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, they discovered that boosting HEI10 levels significantly increased crossovers, while disrupting ZYP1 expression had a similar effect.
A recent study from the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT shows that tricot, a citizen science approach for on-farm experimentation, generates agricultural data via local organizations in Central America. The approach enables farmers to contribute their time and land, reducing trial costs and increasing applicability.
Researchers used machine learning to predict sugarcane yield based on DNA. The technique improved accuracy by over 50% compared to traditional breeding methods.
A study reveals that domesticated banana varieties contain traces of three unknown wild ancestors, which were likely hybrids between subspecies and may hold useful traits such as parthenocarpy. The researchers believe these 'mystery ancestors' might still be alive in the wild, particularly in regions including the Gulf of Thailand, Bor...
Researchers decode Sr35 wheat protein's structure and function, revealing its role in protecting Einkorn wheat from Ug99. The discovery provides a crucial tool for improving crop resistance and ensuring global food security.
Researchers at KIT have developed a method to suppress nine-tenths of a chromosome using CRISPR/Cas molecular scissors, preventing genetic exchange and allowing positive traits to be passed on together. This technique can improve the efficiency of crop breeding by combining favorable traits in one plant.
Researchers discovered a genetic mechanism that lowers cadmium accumulation in rice without affecting its quality and yield. The duplicated OsNramp5 gene increases the uptake of manganese, competing with cadmium for translocation to shoots, reducing its accumulation.
Researchers found that domesticated rye has smaller recombining regions, making it less resistant to climate change. In contrast, wild rye has a more diverse genetic makeup and can freely recombine its genetic material.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute identified two classes of molecules boosting plant immunity. These compounds drive critical defense-control hubs and could be used as natural immunostimulants for crop diseases.
A new wiring diagram illustrates complex interactions between wheat traits to inform breeding decisions and future research. The tool shows connections among traits that may not have been apparent, serving as a decision support tool for crop scientists.
Researchers have finally solved the structure of the plant protein NPR1, a key regulator of plant immunity. The new findings reveal that NPR1 forms a shape resembling a gliding bird and binds to molecules in the cell's nucleus to turn on immune genes. This breakthrough could lead to better crops with improved disease resistance.
Studies comparing cultivated apples to their primary wild progenitor, Malus sieversii, found that modern apples are larger and less acidic. They also exhibit improved storage capabilities, suggesting a significant difference in phenotypic traits between the two species.
Tomato plant varieties resistant to bacterial wilt have the ability to restrict bacterial movement in the plant. Researchers discovered that these plants synthesize reinforcement coatings containing ligno-suberin and related phenolic compounds, providing a physico-chemical barrier against pathogen colonization.
A study by New York University researchers found that plants make a trade-off between regeneration and defense responses after injury. The researchers used drugs typically used in neurobiology research to study the plant's responses to injury and found that targeting glutamate receptors can boost regeneration.
Researchers confirm that Chevalier barley came from a single plant, analyzing seed samples older than 150 years. The study reveals how the single plant's genetic signature was preserved and used to create modern malting barley varieties.
Researchers developed a new method to complete genetic data gaps using haplotype blocks, improving breeding efficiency in plants. The approach has shown comparable quality to collecting more information from DNA strands, reducing costs in animal and plant breeding.
A new study reveals that Xanthomonas euvesicatoria has evolved to evade the immune system of tomato plants by changing a single amino acid in its flagellin proteins. This finding poses significant challenges for breeding disease-resistant tomato varieties, forcing farmers to rely on fungicides and copper treatments.