Articles tagged with Mathematical Modeling
Researchers have discovered that daclatasvir, a direct acting antiviral agent, targets the HCV protein NS5A and also blocks viral secretion from infected cells. The study provides insight into the drug's modes of action and suggests a more accurate estimate of the HCV half-life.
Researchers at Stowers Institute for Medical Research have made crucial discoveries about the development of cell polarity. They found that diffusion traps, created by sticky regions on the membrane, play a crucial role in maintaining cell polarity.
Researchers create mathematical model of plant petals to understand iridescence and its role in attracting pollinators. The study, published in Journal of the Royal Society Interface, provides a first analysis of how petal surface patterns might be produced.
A new study published in PLOS Computational Biology uses a computer model to accurately mimic how the brain processes musical timbre, allowing for better instrument recognition. The researchers found that wind and percussive instruments tend to be most different from each other, with strings and winds being closer together.
A new study considers how to manage epidemics in information blackouts, particularly in the US where privacy laws restrict data accessibility. The researchers used land cover maps to approximate farm locations and developed a mathematical model that can provide accurate predictions about disease spread.
Pitt researchers find neurons wire and fire together in clusters to dominate brain activity, with weak stimuli triggering imbalance. The model shows how clustered connections influence stochastic brain dynamics, shedding light on the brain's default spontaneous state.
A mathematical model suggests PrEP can be a cost-effective addition to existing HIV prevention strategies for MSM populations in Lima, Peru. However, significant funding would be required to generate substantial reductions in HIV incidence.
Scientists characterized a unique spring mechanism in cucumber plant tendrils, where they coil further upon pulling the ends, unlike traditional coils. The discovery led to the creation of a new type of twistless spring with high bending stiffness and twisting stiffness.
Sergey Nadtochiy of Oxford University has made significant contributions to mathematical finance, including original analysis on volatility modeling and derivative pricing theory. He received the 2012 SIAG/FME Junior Scientist Prize at the SIAM Annual Meeting in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) recognizes excellence in mathematical modeling among undergraduate teams globally. The annual Mathematical Contest in Modeling (MCM) inspires students to develop solutions to open-ended problems, with winners receiving cash awards and SIAM membership.
A mathematical model reveals that multiple mechanisms of microRNA regulation are manifestations of a single biochemical reaction, proposing a simple yet efficient way to control protein production. The findings aim to resolve the decade-long debate and pave the way for future experiments to verify the hypothesis.
Researchers propose a mechanism of individual interaction to understand collective macroscopic behavior, finding power-law tails in some models. The diversity of saving propensity among individuals plays a role in shaping the distribution of wealth.
The workshop focuses on increasing mathematical modeling across undergraduate curricula, developing STEM courses based on modeling and computation, and assessing college STEM readiness. It also proposes ideas for multidisciplinary STEM education and introduces a high school applied mathematics program to integrate STEM subjects.
A new study uses Lotka–Volterra equations to map street gangs' territories, finding that most crimes occur near the borders between rival gangs. The research provides insights into how law enforcement can allocate resources more effectively.
Researchers developed a new model of fluid dynamics and heat flow in human tears, revealing the cooling effect on tear film after each blink. The model accurately predicts the rate of cooling for both healthy individuals and those with dry eye conditions.
A new mathematical model created by Stanford psychologists can predict pragmatic reasoning and may lead to more human-like computer systems. The model helps computers better understand inference, context, and social rules, potentially improving customer service interactions.
A Case Western Reserve University class has been awarded a Science magazine prize for its innovative approach to teaching biology and computer science. The 'Dynamics of Biological Systems' class uses an inquiry-based learning model, where students work on real-world problems using online interactive tools and mathematical models.
The US Department of Health and Human Services has contracted with Archimedes Inc. to provide the advanced mathematical modeling tool, ArcheS, to its agencies for large-scale analyses of healthcare spending, treatment, and effectiveness. This will enable policymakers to make informed decisions on health care interventions.
Researchers build 'spaghetti models' of cancer progression using mathematical models, predicting tumor growth, response to treatments, and risk of recurrence. This approach combines clinical imaging with biological experiments and mathematical modeling to develop patient-specific medicine.
Researchers developed a mathematical model that shows the low percentage of lefties is due to balance between cooperation and competition. The model accurately predicts the number of elite left-handed athletes in various sports, such as baseball, boxing, and hockey.
An international team of scientists developed a game to train epidemiologists on mathematical models for studying outbreaks. The game, Muizenberg Mathematical Fever, simulates real-life epidemics and demonstrates the importance of collaboration between bio-mathematicians and classical epidemiologists.
Researchers created a new game to teach epidemiology concepts and promote collaboration between scientists. The game simulates an epidemic, demonstrating the importance of data collection and collaboration in tracking diseases.
A new mathematical model predicts optimal treatment length for prostate cancer patients to delay resistance, allowing clinicians to tailor therapy effectively. Intermittent androgen suppression therapy reduces side effects and improves patient outcomes.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to test whether neurons communicate individually or as groups. The method filters signals to determine if neurons collaborate flexibly within milliseconds. This breakthrough has the potential to reveal dynamic cell assemblies involved in planning and controlling behavior.
Scientists have found that predator/prey relationships are crucial for maintaining stability and diversity in complex ecosystems, contradicting earlier modeling results. The research provides a new framework for understanding ecosystem responses to environmental change.
A mathematical model developed by researchers at the University of Vigo has confirmed that hórreos with slotted floors are more efficient in regulating temperature and ventilation. This traditional Galician dry-store structure was found to better preserve corn stored inside due to its ability to ventilate and regulate temperature.
A mathematical model proposes that NBA players should take higher-quality shots earlier in possessions to maximize scoring opportunities. However, current player behavior is often overly cautious, leading to missed chances.
Researchers aim to create a predictive model for liver metabolism using cellular control of fat metabolism as an optimal feedback-control system. The goal is to analyze and optimally compute possible interventions for treating fatty livers, leading to personalized medicine approaches.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to determine safe distances from residential areas for livestock farms, taking into account factors like odor emissions and wind conditions. The model aims to simplify current guidelines and regulations by providing a single, conservative estimate of separation distances.
Researchers found single-sex vaccination to be the most effective strategy for reducing human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rates. By vaccinating the sex with the highest pre-vaccine prevalence of HPV infection – typically females – immunity can be bolstered and herd immunity improved.
Researchers Richard Saltus and Richard Blakely presented examples of unique interpretations from 'non-unique' models, combining observations to narrow down theoretical solutions. This approach successfully solves important geological issues, such as detailed images of fault zones.
Researchers at Uppsala University have discovered that small lake-dwelling fish follow simple yet effective rules when schooling together. By tracking individual fish and analyzing their interactions, the team identified key movements such as slowing down near others and turning to move towards neighbors.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum have developed a new method to measure the distance between stationary and non-stationary processes, enabling more accurate statistical tests. This approach makes it possible to construct better models for predicting extreme events in time series data.
Researchers at UCLA developed a risk scoring system to predict long-term survival after liver re-transplantation, identifying eight key risk factors for potential failure. The predictive index will help guide physicians in determining patient risk and provide patients with informed consent information.
Scientists at LMU Munich developed a mathematical model that accurately mimics human sound recognition, showing the brain compares stored and perceived sounds efficiently. The new library-based model predicts the flow of information from cerebrum to thalamus, enabling highly efficient real-time implementation.
A new study suggests that harboring overconfidence can be beneficial in various situations, including sports and business. The research reveals that accurate assessments are often outweighed by overconfident strategies when the rewards of conflict are high enough to justify the risks.
The study combines genetic data with mathematical modelling to provide insights into cell differentiation. The findings demonstrate the utility of a systems biology approach, which could have implications for understanding and treating diseases such as cancers caused by abnormal cell function.
A new math-based model has been developed to predict pressure profiles, liquid/gas volumes, and flow rates in deep-water wells. The model aims to mitigate the risk of blowouts and gas kicks, which can occur when the pressure applied to balance hydrocarbon pressure is not sufficient.
A new mathematical model shows that species pairs can reemerge after collapse if the disturbance is removed. Hybridization between closely-related species can lead to population decline and biodiversity loss. The study suggests that ecosystem managers may be able to refill ecological niches, but not resurrect lost species.
A mathematical model developed by scientists shows that ecosystems remain relatively stable despite constant changes in species populations, highlighting the ecosystem's role as a self-contained entity. This finding suggests that preserving entire ecosystems may be more crucial than protecting specific endangered species.
Researchers found that Irritable Bowel Syndrome is linked to an overgrowth of bacteria in the gut, as well as a connection to food poisoning. The study suggests that military personnel are at a higher risk for developing IBS due to their increased exposure to gastroenteritis.
Physicists at the University of Miami developed a mathematical model to describe the timing of price changes in the Foreign Exchange market. The study reveals patterns of synchronicity among currency pairs, which increases with increased activity.
A mathematical model suggests culling will not control the spread of white-nose syndrome, a deadly fungus threatening North American hibernating bats. The fungal pathogen occurs in caves and mines where bats live, making contact rates high among colonial bats.
Researchers at Cambridge University have finally resolved the debate on how fleas jump, discovering that they push off with their toes. The team used high-speed cameras and mathematical modeling to analyze flea jumps, finding that both the tarsus and trochanter were involved in the jumping process.
A mathematical model created by Andrew Ching shows that fewer firms enter the marketplace when drug approval times are shorter, potentially reducing prices. However, companies may experience losses due to development costs and uncertain review processes.
The new bike-sharing system aims to reduce traffic congestion and alleviate parking shortages, promote fitness, and enable good complementary public transportation. Tel Aviv University's research provides a mathematical model to scientifically manage bike availability, creating a more efficient and user-friendly system.
Scientists developed a mathematical model to describe interactions within ecological food webs, illustrating how human intervention can aid species conservation. The study found that over 70% of extinctions are preventable by balancing the system with available resources.
A mathematical model for moving bottlenecks in road traffic is proposed, taking into account the influence of a slow-moving vehicle on entire traffic flow. The model improves transportation designs and reduces congestion, accidents, and risk management.
A mathematical model predicts a decline in workplace accidents in Spain from 2011 to 2012, with significant reductions in commute-related accidents. The model forecasts a decrease in fatal and serious accidents, while slight accidents also show a small decline.
Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center are using mathematical modeling to study potentially deadly flu viruses and develop new vaccines and therapies. The five-year contract aims to enhance human immune responses and identify areas for investigation into treatments for lethal viruses.
Researchers at NYU's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences developed an algebraic model to predict DNA hybridization, enabling the monitoring of cell gene expression and genome characterization. The study provides a new tool for understanding biological systems and enhancing cancer and genetics research.
USDA scientists have developed a first-of-its-kind mathematical model to select optimal temperature and salt concentrations to reduce or eliminate microbial contamination in smoked salmon. The research aims to protect the pleasing flavor and texture of smoked salmon while ensuring food safety.
A new analysis by Jianzhi Zhang and coworkers reveals flaws in models predicting the cost of complexity and finds that moderate complexity best enables organisms to adapt. The study challenged assumptions underlying traditional mathematical models, suggesting that a moderate amount of complexity is beneficial for adaptation.
Researchers developed models to investigate non-healing bone fractures, suggesting cell transplantation as a potential treatment. The study used an animal model and mathematical modeling to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) awards the Julian Cole Lectureship every four years to recognize outstanding contributions to mathematical characterization and solution of challenging problems. This year, Professor John King received the award for his work on mathematical modeling of tumor growth.
Researchers developed a new mathematical model to predict ventricular function during the cardiac cycle, offering a simpler alternative to existing models. The model, comprising five parameters, may improve treatment options for patients with heart disease and integrate into multi-scale models of working hearts.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology successfully establish conditions for decoding fly brain's motion vision mechanisms. They use fluorescence molecules and state-of-the-art microscopes to observe nerve cell activity, revealing that L2-cells transform data and relay information about light intensity reductions to subseq...
A mathematical model reveals that division of labor can occur through the evolution of developmental plasticity, requiring strong genetic relatedness and fitness trade-offs. The model suggests a straightforward path for division of labor and may be applied to various complex evolutionary processes.
Researchers developed a mathematical model that identifies the top 10 locations for tsunami detection buoys and sea-level monitors in the Indian Ocean. This could save time and money, as well as provide warning to more people in the event of a devastating tsunami.
A study published in Experimental Biology and Medicine reports the discovery of periodic heart rate decelerations in premature human infants. The researchers developed a mathematical model based on Hopf bifurcation theory to describe the dynamics of these decelerations, which are statistically correlated with impending sepsis in neonates.