Articles tagged with Mathematical Modeling
A study published in Experimental Biology and Medicine reports the discovery of periodic heart rate decelerations in premature human infants. The researchers developed a mathematical model based on Hopf bifurcation theory to describe the dynamics of these decelerations, which are statistically correlated with impending sepsis in neonates.
Researchers from UBC have developed a mathematical model that unravels the generation of biological diversity within and between species. The model suggests that multiple traits acting in concert can generate diversity even with weak interactions, mirroring the complexity of reality.
A new mathematical model developed by Indiana University and Arizona State University geographers can help policymakers focus on spatial management of sex offenders, rather than punitive measures. The model allows communities to quantify risk and special concerns, enabling informed decision-making about sex offender policies.
Bruce Bukiet's mathematical model predicts the top-performing teams in Major League Baseball for the 2010 season. His predictions focus on the power and relevance of math, demonstrating how it applies to baseball, and are based on a more realistic runner advancement model.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute developed a new computer model using mathematics to predict how environmental, medical, and physical changes affect sleep. The model provides clues to the basic dynamics of the sleep-wake cycle, offering a non-invasive way to study the brain and sleep.
Researchers at UCLA use mathematical modeling to analyze urban crime patterns, identifying two types of 'hotspots' that respond differently to policing. The model predicts when increased policing efforts will displace or suppress crime, providing valuable insights for law enforcement.
A recent study by Cornell University scientists reveals that trees have evolved to maximize photosynthetic capacity through a decrease in specific leaf area as they increase in size. This change is attributed to a developmental shift towards short-shoots, which produce leaves with smaller specific leaf areas than long-shoots.
A new mathematical model simulates the Big Bang's physical processes, including gas motion, radiation transport, chemical kinetics, and gravitational acceleration. The model's tight coupling enables highly accurate and numerically stable simulations on large supercomputers.
Scientists develop a mathematical model of a three-cell microcircuit in a chicken's brain, revealing an elegant compromise between abstraction and complexity. The model reduces the system to one equation with two parameters, shedding light on why it's difficult to understand the brain using traditional methods.
Researchers have successfully predicted a previously unknown cellular mechanism using mathematical modeling of DNA microarray data. This breakthrough brings biologists closer to understanding and controlling the inner workings of cells, similar to NASA's trajectory prediction capabilities.
Researchers at Ohio State University have developed a mathematical model of ischemic wound healing, simulating both non-ischemic and ischemic wounds. The model predicts that ischemic wounds will heal in about 20 days, but only 25% will be healed by then.
Scientists developed a quantitative mathematical model of DNA replication and cell division for Caulobacter crescentus, an alpha-proteobacterium crucial to global carbon cycling. The model accurately represents the sequence of physiological events during cell division and predicts the impact of specific mutations on cell function.
Mathematical models help simulate plausible scenarios, develop control strategies, and identify areas for research. The H1N1 virus could become more severe in the fall, with small seasonal variations driving large annual surges in disease transmission.
Researchers at MIT created a model to describe and predict phantom traffic jams, which form when high-density traffic becomes self-sustaining. The model could help engineers design roads with enough capacity to prevent such jams, as well as identify safe speed limits and hot spots for accidents.
A new technique has been developed to evaluate basketball players' performance, using mathematical models that consider multiple factors such as points scored, rebounds, assists, and relative importance. The results show that certain players excel in specific positions, highlighting the need for more nuanced evaluation methods.
The study reveals a mechanism in the brain's neuronal network that restricts working memory capacity to two to seven items, with frontal lobes regulating parietal lobe memory capacity. The 'model brain' computations were confirmed using fMRI experiments and suggest improved working memory through increased frontal lobe activation.
Researchers found that visual information from a person's face and lip movements significantly improves understanding of spoken words, especially in moderately noisy settings. This benefit increases when sound quality rises, allowing people to recognize up to 60% of words correctly.
Researchers developed a model explaining how consumers categorize new hybrid products, finding that activation flows through category structures. The Category Activation Model predicts positioning a new subcategory under relevant parent categories with many subcategories connected
Researchers are exploring how drugs interact with cells to identify new ways to overcome resistance. By combining physics and mathematics, they aim to control drug delivery and reduce multidrug resistance in diseases like cancer and malaria.
A new study published in PLoS Medicine finds that artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) can reduce malaria transmission in low-transmission areas, comparable to the use of insecticide-treated bed nets. Longer-acting anti-malarial regimens may also be effective in reducing transmission in high-transmission areas.
Researchers studied e-mails sent from over 3,000 accounts and found that people don't respond to e-mails randomly, but rather in cycles influenced by their daily routines. The model reveals non-random intervals between e-mails, including times when people are sleeping.
A new approach uses lessons from the 2004 election and factors in state polling data, undecided voters, and 'safe' states. The model predicts a margin of up to 282.8 electoral votes for McCain against 255.2 for Obama.
A linear mathematical model allows for estimation of minimal detectable tumor sizes, based on blood tumor biomarker assays. The model relates secreted blood biomarker levels to tumor sizes, providing a tool for cancer screening and monitoring.
The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics recognized student winners of the SIAM Award in the Mathematical Contest in Modeling, who presented their winning papers at the 2008 SIAM Annual Meeting. The contest challenges teams of undergraduate students to clarify, analyze, and propose solutions to open-ended problems.
A team of Swedish researchers characterized novel systems properties of insulin signaling in human fat cells through mathematical modeling. The study provided further insight into energy level maintenance via the hormone insulin, which is critical for preventing Type 2 diabetes. Insulin function impairment is a cardinal cause of the di...
Researchers developed a mathematical model estimating asymptomatic infections in malaria transmission. The model predicts that regions of moderate transmission can be eradicated below a threshold, making industrialized nations highly unlikely to experience re-emergence.
A new study reveals that zigzagging provides the most efficient way for humans to ascend steep slopes, with a mathematical model supporting its advantages. The research suggests that this pattern of movement emerged as a compromise between energy efficiency and the physical limitations of human physiology.
Researchers created a mathematical model of bacterial cell division in Caulobacter crescentus, confirming existing hypotheses and identifying gaps in understanding. The model demonstrates the role of computation in biology and provides a framework for testing predictions and simulating mutant bacteria.
A common model of immune responses will improve understanding by providing a shared language among scientists. The Immunology Imaging and Modelling Network's theoretical and computational model will help track parasites and cells in real-time, measuring interactions between immune system components.
Researchers at Tufts University developed mathematical models to accurately assess seasonality in six diseases, enabling more precise forecasting of outbreaks. The study found that certain diseases peak one month after the temperature peak, likely due to close person-to-person contact and different routes of transmission.
Researchers at Cornell University have created a mathematical model to describe the internal clock in living beings, which regulates sleeping and waking patterns. The study proposes that an extra protein may be necessary for the circadian cycle to extend over 24 hours.
A Virginia Tech mathematician is working on reducing the computational challenges associated with simulating large-scale dynamical systems by employing rational Krylov methods. This approach enables the creation of reduced-order models, which significantly shorten computation times while maintaining accuracy.
A new study has identified a key genetic function involved in wing formation in fruit flies, providing insight into the internal laws regulating embryo development. The research uses mathematical modeling to simulate biological systems and confirms the stability of this gene network across evolution.
A team of international scientists has described the rules that govern how plants arrange flowers into branching structures, known as 'inflorescences'. The new unifying theory provides an explanation for the diversity of inflorescences in nature, including regional variations and developmental patterns.
Research from Arizona State University highlights how global warming will drastically alter the world's fisheries, threatening human nutrition and species health. The study finds that changes in ocean temperatures and atmospheric conditions will affect fish stocks and habitats, leading to potential extinction of certain species.
A mathematical model of disease cycles developed at the University of Michigan shows promise for predicting cholera outbreaks. The model used El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate variability data to improve prediction accuracy, particularly in recent decades.
The University of Nottingham has been awarded a £300,000 grant to collaborate with Indian researchers on a four-year project exploring mixture toxicity in living organisms. The project aims to develop a mathematical model predicting how organisms respond to chemical pollution.
A new computer simulation of tumor growth sets the stage for individualized cancer treatment. The model suggests that the microenvironment around tumor cells determines the tumor's ultimate cellular makeup and invasive potential.
A mathematical model developed by MIT engineers can help optimize natural gas production in Malaysia. The model takes into account the complex interactions between pipelines, facilities, and contracts to ensure a reliable supply of this valuable fuel.
New York Yankees have a better than 3 in 4 chance of advancing to the league championship according to NJIT math professor Bruce Bukiet's model. The Minnesota Twins also show a strong probability of defeating the Oakland A's with a 71% chance.
Researchers predict that climate change will reduce cyclamen's ideal climate range by over 60% within the next 50 years, putting many species at high risk of extinction. Mathematical modeling indicates that the plant may disappear from certain regions by the 2050s.
Researchers used a high-performance computer to create a simulation of the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center's North Tower, revealing the destruction of nearly 25% of the building's columns. The simulation aims to improve understanding of aircraft collisions and structural damage, with potential applications in designing safer buil...
Florida State University geography Professor Mark W. Horner is developing new spatial models for disaster relief using satellite images and GIS to improve the allocation of disaster relief goods. His research aims to reduce errors in assessments and provide more accurate representations of factors such as response and travel time.
The University of Colorado at Boulder and Harvard University students won the 2006 SIAM Award for outstanding solutions to the Mathematical Contest in Modeling. Their winning team was recognized for their innovative approach to solving problems in irrigation and wheelchair access.
Dr. Michael J. Shelley received the SIAM's Julian Cole Lectureship for his work on mathematical modeling and scientific computation in fluid dynamics and other fields. His research focuses on flow-body interactions, complex fluids, and visual perception using modeling and simulation.
Researchers have developed a new model explaining how spiders 'fly' or parachute into new territory on single strands of silk. The model shows how the spider's silk moulds to turbulent air flows, carrying them unpredictable distances. This breakthrough could alleviate pesticide use and improve ecosystem balance.
Researchers developed a mathematical model of the cochlea that shows its spiral shape enhances low frequency sounds, increasing sensitivity by up to 20 decibels. This finding could lead to improved cochlear implants and better hearing outcomes.
The University of Pittsburgh has established an Immune Modeling Center to study immune responses to infectious diseases using mathematical modeling. The center will focus on understanding innate and adaptive immune responses to influenza A virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Francisella tularensis.
A mathematical model developed by Rhode Island College mathematicians correctly predicted the Cy Young winners in both leagues, except for a relief pitcher award. The model accurately forecasted Dontrelle Willis and Johann Santana as second-place finishers in their respective leagues.
Researchers Rebecca Sparks and David Abrahamson developed a formula predicting starting pitchers' top three finishes in Cy Young voting. Their analysis found that wins carry significant weight, while ERA and strikeouts have more importance than winning percentage or losses.
A chemist has received a $500,000 MacArthur grant for their genius in developing computing models for molecular reactions. The award recognizes the individual's exceptional originality and dedication to their creative pursuits.
Researchers created a new mathematical model to predict and prevent societal collapse, shedding light on the mysterious Easter Island population crash. The model successfully mimics the island's rapid decline due to finite resource depletion, providing valuable insights for modern population management.
Caloric restriction is unlikely to lead to a dramatic increase in human lifespan, according to UCLA researcher John Phelan. By restricting calories by up to 60%, mice live longer than those with unlimited access to food, but humans will not experience the same benefits.
A new algorithm could significantly improve transplant matches for patients with end-stage kidney disease, with a national program resulting in 47.7% more transplants and better graft survival rates compared to regional programs. The study also found that highly sensitized patients would benefit six-fold from the optimized algorithm.
A Pitt researcher has developed a decision-making model to help patients weigh the risks and benefits of accepting organ transplants. The model uses mathematical techniques to provide insight into patient physiology and quality of life, helping doctors make informed decisions.
A new math model of heart cells has identified a novel calcium pathway that regulates cardiac electrical activity and is linked to arrhythmia research. The study, published in Circulation, provides a valuable tool for understanding the relationship between calcium handling and cardiac arrhythmias.
Researchers at Georgia Tech and MUSC developed a novel mathematical model that accurately predicted the behavior of a key signaling pathway in yeast. The model was tested experimentally and showed promising results, with predictions validated in all qualitative scenarios.
Dr. Hinke Osinga and Professor Bernd Krauskopf from the University of Bristol have created a crochet pattern for a chaos model, known as the Lorenz manifold, which helps understand complex systems like chemical reactions and weather patterns. The pattern consists of 25,511 stitches and took over 85 hours to complete.
Researchers develop mathematical model to predict mosquito-borne infection risk, finding that peak biting rates occur near breeding sites and highest human density. The proportion of infectious mosquitoes peaks where older populations are found, leading to surprising predictions about risk hotspots.
Researchers estimate that the most recent common ancestor of humanity lived around 3,000 years ago, sharing ancestors who domesticated horses and built ancient structures. The study used realistic computer models to simulate human history over the last 20,000 years.