Articles tagged with Catalysis
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists developed adsorption-energy-based activity descriptors to improve electrocatalytic activity in energy storage. The descriptors are linked to interfacial electronic coupling, providing a new method for selecting high-activity catalysts and understanding structure-activity relationships.
Brookhaven Lab scientists Anatoly Frenkel, Morgan May, Rachid Nouicer, Eric Stach, and Peter Steinberg were elected 2017 American Physical Society Fellows for their exceptional contributions to physics. The fellows were recognized for their innovative research in materials physics, astrophysics, and nuclear physics, including discoveri...
A team of UCSB researchers has developed a single-step method to convert methane into hydrogen while preventing the formation of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. The process uses molten metals and results in a solid form of carbon that can be readily transported and stored indefinitely.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have developed a new catalyst that increases the efficiency of artificial photosynthesis to 64%, converting electrical energy into chemical energy. This innovation addresses two major challenges in renewable energy production, capturing carbon emissions and storing energy from solar or wind power.
Chemists at Emory University have developed a new catalyst that selectively activates a carbon-hydrogen bond without using a directing group. The breakthrough holds promise for the pharmaceutical industry and could lead to new classes of drugs.
The University of Surrey has developed a cost-effective catalyst to recycle carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) into fuels and valuable chemicals. The new 'supercatalyst' could make chemical CO2 recycling more widely available across industry, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
A team of scientists created a new catalyst that activates oxidation processes in low-reactive components of oil and gas, producing valuable products such as acids and alcohols. The researchers discovered the possibility of targeted production of pentanuclear products, which are stable in both solid and solution states.
Scientists have made progress in creating more sustainable plastics from plants, but developing recyclable materials remains a challenge. Degradable plastics face difficulties degrading in natural environments due to varying factors such as humidity and microorganisms.
The study reveals that the carbon-hydrogen bonds in the molecule play a key role in its volatile behavior. The optimal conditions for removal of excess hydrogen are below 175 degrees Fahrenheit, done in a good vacuum. This discovery can help chemists identify ideal operating temperatures and environments.
Researchers have developed enzymes that can perform complex chemical reactions with improved selectivity and efficiency. These catalysts show promise for building molecules with important biological activity and reducing waste in the process. The discovery opens up new practices for chemists to create more powerful tools.
A new study uses neutron analysis to understand the molecular mechanism of an oxygen-generating enzyme that breaks down chlorite, a industrial pollutant found in groundwater and drinking water. The research opens possibilities for future applications in bioremediation and biotechnology.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a new catalyst to produce valuable chemicals from biomass, allowing for the creation of green raw materials for manufacturing. The catalyst enables the production of important chemicals like 2-butanol and cyclohexanol without emitting CO2.
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute have developed a method to autonomously grow synthetic DNA strands, enabling the creation of programmable molecular devices. The 'Primer Exchange Reaction' (PER) cascades allow for diverse functions such as self-building DNA-origami and sensing environmental signals.
DFNS has been used in various applications including photocatalysis, solar cells, energy storage, CO2 capture, biomedical applications and environmental remediation. Its unique fibrous morphology provides enhanced accessibility to active sites and improved light harvesting properties.
Researchers have designed a new catalyst made of cobalt and tungsten that reduces the cost of electrolytic hydrogen production by splitting water molecules at very low voltages. This process avoids the use of expensive and scarce precious metals like iridium.
University of Delaware researchers have developed catalysts that transform lignocellulosic biomass into high-carbon molecules suitable for jet fuel, enabling cost-competitive and sustainable production. The process operates at low temperature and is scalable, addressing the need for non-petroleum-based fuels for aviation.
Researchers developed a dynamic catalytic converter concept that optimizes exhaust gas treatment by adjusting platinum particle size and oxidation state in response to engine operation. This improves catalytic performance and reduces noble metal consumption, increasing economic efficiency.
The study presents a novel catalyst for metal-air batteries with excellent electrochemical performance, close to that of precious metal catalysts. The new catalyst, PBSCF-NF, exhibits high surface areas and improves the bi-functionality of oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction.
Scientists discovered that treating a complex oxide crystal with heat or chemicals creates catalysts with dissimilar behaviors, leading to distinct products. The findings could provide a route to selective conversion of biomass into value-added chemicals.
Researchers at MIT have found a low-temperature electrochemical process to convert methane into valuable derivatives, potentially leading to lower-cost methane conversion and reduced flaring. This technology could provide an alternative to high-temperature industrial processes and pave the way for widespread adoption.
Researchers at Rice University have advanced the art of making nanotube-based materials by characterizing and purifying long nanotube wires and films. The study found that longer nanotubes yield stronger and more conductive fibers, with an average tensile strength of 2.4 GPa and electrical conductivity of 8.5 megasiemens per meter.
The inaugural SU2C Catalyst projects aim to explore new uses for powerful medicines in combination with other pharmaceutical company medicines, devices, and therapies. This program supports the selection of proposals by industry-specific sub-committees and significantly expedites the process of going from ideas to contracts to trials.
Researchers at Kyushu University developed a metal complex catalyst that mimics two natural energy processes, hydrogenase and photosystem II. The catalyst produces electrical power by accepting electrons from hydrogen and generates power from sunlight through oxidation of water.
Scientists have developed a new machine learning method that can analyze x-ray data to reveal the structures and environments of catalysts during reactions. This allows for real-time analysis and optimization of reaction conditions, potentially leading to improved catalyst performance and faster production of desired products.
Professor Graham Hutchings' groundbreaking work on gold catalysis has led to the development of a substitute for mercury, significantly reducing environmental harm. The gold catalyst has replaced mercury in PVC production, meeting international regulations and benefiting human health.
Researchers at Rice University and Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed a technique to probe through tiny windows created by an electron beam and measure the catalytic activity of molybdenum disulfide, a two-dimensional material. The study found that most production of hydrogen is coming from the thin sheets' edges.
Scientists have designed a new single-site catalyst that speeds up the rate of water oxidation, releasing protons and electrons that can be used to create hydrogen fuel. The catalyst improves upon previous designs, achieving a comparable rate to natural photosynthesis per catalytic site.
Researchers at King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) have discovered a unique reaction pathway that utilizes molten sodium-based catalysts to efficiently convert natural gas into industrial products. The catalyst, which forms hydroxyl radicals from oxygen and water, has great potential for various catalytic reactions.
Researchers at RUDN University have developed a new method for creating drug molecules using carbon monoxide as a reducing agent. This innovation offers an energy-efficient solution to producing valuable chemicals, potentially reducing waste and costs. The study's findings suggest that this technology could be used in the synthesis of ...
Researchers propose a new potential way to produce initial compounds for many chemical industries, including pharmacy. The new method uses arylhydrazone complexes with Cu(II) and Co(II/III) catalysts.
Researchers have developed a novel route to produce polyamide 6 by catalytically oxidizing cyclohexane with ferrocene in an ionic liquid medium. The process is highly selective and efficient, achieving over 98% selectivity and high turnover frequencies. This method has the potential to replace traditional industrial production processes.
Researchers at Tokyo Tech create a method to produce monodispersed zero-valent platinum clusters with precise atomicity using platinum thiolate complexes. This breakthrough enables the synthesis of high-performance catalysts for next-generation energy grids.
Recently developed nanosized and hierarchical SAPO-34 catalysts show significant advantages in the MTO process, enhancing mass transfer and decreasing coke formation. The review summarizes state-of-the-art synthesis strategies for these catalysts.
Researchers at the University of Houston are developing next-generation catalytic converters to reduce harmful emissions and improve fuel efficiency. The project aims to find new materials that can operate effectively at low exhaust temperatures.
The University of Central Florida research group created a new electrode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries that can be recharged thousands of times without degrading. The new technology has the potential to revolutionize energy storage and make it more sustainable.
Researchers at Nagoya Institute of Technology developed a metal-free method to control cationic polymerization using halogen bonding and ammonium salt additives. The new process produces long, homogeneous polymers suitable for industrial applications.
A team of Berkeley Lab scientists has discovered a critical role of nanoparticle transformation in converting carbon dioxide into multicarbon fuels and alcohols. The copper-based electrocatalyst operates at high current density with a record low overpotential, making it more efficient than existing catalysts.
Researchers develop a highly selective, fast, and reusable catalytic system for the mild oxidation of cyclohexane to produce polyamide 6. The found [Fe(C5H5)2]/[P6.6.6.14][DCA] catalytic system can be applied to produce polyamide 6.
Researchers from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology discovered a unique substrate-binding mode for OSB-CoA synthetase, a crucial enzyme in bacterial vitamin K biosynthesis. The study revealed distinct amino acid residues contributing to thioesterification half-reaction without affecting adenylation.
Researchers at FAU have discovered a new material concept that enables more efficient and cost-effective catalysts. Gallium-based alloy complexes show significant performance over standard technical catalysts, with minimal deactivation even when carbon deposits form.
A team of researchers has developed a simplified approach to directly converting methane to methanol, reducing the need for high heat and pressure. The discovery utilizes colloidal gold-palladium nanoparticles in aqueous solution under mild conditions, enabling the selective oxidation of methane to methanol.
Researchers at Technical University of Munich used a scanning tunneling microscope to analyze the surface activity of catalysts. They found that defects on the surface create ideal conditions for catalysis by attracting but not holding onto hydrogen ions.
Researchers at Cardiff Catalysis Institute have developed a new method to produce methanol from methane using oxygen and hydrogen peroxide at low temperatures. This breakthrough has major implications for cleaner industrial processes worldwide.
The University of Delaware team developed a new technology that can make fuel cells cheaper and more durable. They created a catalyst of tungsten carbide nanoparticles, which improves water management and reduces the burden on the humidification system in fuel cells.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have identified a new, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly method for processing bio-oil into liquid fuel. The catalyst uses common bacteria and recovered metal palladium, which can be sourced from waste materials, reducing production costs and environmental impact.
This technology combines fine shape transfer, film formation, and selective thin film removing to produce high-performance microstructures at an affordable cost. Water-CARE device uses a platinum or nickel catalyst to etch surface protrusions, reducing the need for abrasive grains and chemical agents.
Researchers have developed a catalytic process that can effectively reduce nitrogen oxides emissions from diesel-powered vehicles, particularly during transient and cold-start conditions. The breakthrough could pave the way for more efficient NOx removal technologies, enabling diesel engines to meet stringent emissions regulations.
Researchers at the University of Sydney have made a breakthrough in rechargeable zinc-air batteries by developing a new three-stage method that produces low-cost and high-performance catalysts. The new catalysts can be used to build rechargeable zinc-air batteries, overcoming one of the biggest hurdles preventing their widespread use.
Researchers have developed a new mathematical model that describes how molecules are transported to react within nanoreactors. The model reveals that the reaction rate is not limited by molecule concentration, but rather by the shell's permeability, opening up possibilities for controlling chemical reactions.
Scientists at Fuzhou University have created a macroscopic aerogel from carbonitride nanomaterials that catalyzes the water-splitting reaction under visible-light irradiation. The material offers excellent structural and electronic properties, making it suitable for artificial photosynthesis.
A new study by psychologists at the University of Kent shows that arts engagement predicts 'prosociality' and volunteering. The research found that people's greater engagement in the arts was more strongly associated with charitable giving and volunteering than demographic variables such as age, education, or income.
Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have discovered a new class of low-cost fuel cell catalysts that match the performance of precious metal-based catalysts. Direct atomic-level observations have provided unique insights into their efficiency potential.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a catalyst that can split water into hydrogen and oxygen, offering a potential solution for renewable energy. The catalyst uses laser-induced graphene, a low-cost material, to produce large bubbles of oxygen and hydrogen simultaneously.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a method to synthesize microscopic alloy nanoparticles using dendrimers, achieving 24 times greater oxidization activity than commercially available catalysts. The discovery opens up new possibilities for creating high-performance materials in various fields.
Scientists at Rice University and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have developed new two-dimensional electrocatalysts that extract hydrogen from water with high efficiency and low cost. The catalysts were created by forming bubbles between layers, which breaks them apart and increases the number of active sites.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientists have developed a technique to efficiently extract hydrogen from water using electricity. The new catalysts enable high-performance water splitting with minimal catalyst loading, making it scalable and cost-effective.
Scientists have developed a light-activated material that can chemically convert carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide without generating unwanted byproducts. The material, a nickel organic crystalline structure, showed near 100% selectivity for CO production and no detection of competing gas products.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a new method for building complex organic molecules by selectively transforming strong carbon-fluorine bonds. This breakthrough enhances the control over chemical reactions, enabling more synthetic freedom for constructing intricate carbon structures.
A researcher at Queen's University Belfast has discovered a way to convert contaminated aluminium foil into a highly pure biofuel catalyst, which could significantly reduce global waste and energy problems. The new catalyst is more environmentally-friendly, effective, and cheaper than commercial alternatives.
The researchers created a three-layer structure of nickel, graphene, and a compound of iron, manganese, and phosphorus that can produce both hydrogen and oxygen simultaneously. The material is scalable, stable in acidic and basic solutions, and requires less energy than traditional catalysts.