Articles tagged with Catalysis
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers create faster and easier way to make sulfur-containing polymers using SuFEx reaction technique, combined with newly identified catalysts. The achievement reduces cost of large-scale production and produces far less hazardous waste.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have developed a method to produce patterned monolayers that can perform multiple functions, such as catalyzing chemical reactions and sensing molecules. These materials offer a new option for device designers, allowing for the creation of single materials with two functionalities.
Enzymes called [FeFe]-hydrogenases efficiently convert electrons and protons into hydrogen, offering a potential solution for biotechnological production of the energy source. The team's discovery reveals the crucial role of a complex structure called the H-cluster in facilitating this process.
A research team at KAIST developed diagnostic sensors using protein-encapsulated nanocatalysts to analyze human exhaled breath and diagnose diseases. The sensors achieved high sensitivity and selectivity, detecting biomarker gases related to diseases with improved performance compared to conventional platinum-based catalysts.
The research team developed a novel reaction to synthesize organohalides, a crucial class of compounds for pharmaceuticals, with up to 98% enantiomeric purity. This breakthrough addresses the challenge of producing chiral molecules in isomerically pure form, paving the way for new medicines.
Researchers at Brookhaven Lab have successfully trapped argon gas in a two-dimensional array of tiny 'cages', allowing for the detailed study of single atoms in confinement. This achievement could lead to the design of new materials for gas separation and nuclear waste remediation.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum have discovered that selenium can form bonds similar to those of hydrogen bonds, resulting in accelerated chemical reactions. The team's findings suggest that weaker bonds, such as hydrogens bonds, might be sufficient for activation or catalysis.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a new catalyst for amide hydrogenation that operates under mild conditions, allowing for the efficient conversion of amides to amines. The catalyst enables sustainable pharmaceutical production with minimal by-products and high selectivity.
UT Southwestern researchers have developed a method for direct conversion of double bond-containing hydrocarbons into multifunctional compounds with high purity. The new reaction utilizes a specially designed chiral catalyst to selectively create desirable molecules, accelerating pharmaceutical production.
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology researchers created efficient catalysts based on inexpensive and abundant manganese to convert carbon dioxide into formic acid and formamide, widely used in industry. The new catalyst can perform over 6,000 turnovers and is stable in air, opening possibilities for other CO2 conversions.
Researchers at the University of Bath have been awarded £1M to develop new catalysts using iron, which could reduce environmental impact and improve efficiency. The project aims to create sustainable methods for producing molecules crucial for manufacturing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
An international team has developed a new catalyst for producing high-purity hydrogen gas at low temperatures and pressures. This breakthrough could improve the efficiency of fuel cells that run on hydrogen fuel and reduce costs.
Researchers at Nagoya Institute of Technology have developed a new reaction system that produces aziridines with high yield and selectivity. The method uses phosphite as a catalyst and achieves high rates of production of one enantiomer, which is essential for pharmaceutical applications.
Researchers from CAS developed noble metal-based heterogeneous electrocatalysts with enhanced catalytic activity and high selectivity for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). DMFCs operated well at high-concentration methanol, outperforming conventional strategies.
Researchers developed a new method to tightly fix powder catalysts on electrode surfaces, addressing the challenge of high physical stress induced by gas evolving reactions. The technique involves applying an organic polymer that transforms into carbon at high temperatures, providing a stable and conductive surface for catalysis.
Scientists have discovered a cheap and efficient way to produce olefins, the chemical feedstock for many products, using a titanium-based catalyst. The reaction can be performed at low temperature and has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and costs associated with traditional fossil fuel-based methods.
Researchers at TUM have created a new process to convert organic waste into fuel, utilizing zeolite catalysts that reduce temperatures and energy requirements. The process takes place in confined spaces inside zeolite crystals, increasing reaction rates by up to 100 times.
Researchers at Nagoya University have developed a new approach to metal catalysis that selectively converts biomass into high-value chemical products under mild conditions. The method uses high-valent transition metals, which offers better control over reactivity and reduces side reactions.
A team of UK and Argentinean chemists developed a catalyst that mimics the Z-scheme mechanism of photosynthesis, reducing atmospheric CO2 levels. The catalyst, combining cuprous oxide and titanium dioxide, transfers electrons to CO2 while breaking water molecules.
Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a multifunctional catalyst that can oxidize both hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the same reaction system. The catalyst mimics the behavior of two enzymes and shows promise for increasing energy production efficiency from hydrogen fuel cells.
Scientists have developed a new low-temperature catalyst that produces high-purity hydrogen gas while using up carbon monoxide, improving the performance of fuel cells. The catalyst operates at low temperature and pressure, making it less expensive and easier to use.
A new rhodium-based catalyst enhances hydrosilylation of olefins by 96%, outperforming existing supported-rhodium catalysts. The co-immobilization of a tertiary amine on silica improves catalytic activity, paving the way for sustainable solutions.
Researchers have developed an efficient catalyst that converts CO2 from the air into synthetic natural gas in a 'clean' process using solar energy. The catalyst produces almost pure methane without side products and operates at mild temperatures, making it viable for industrial activities.
A recent discovery by Stanford University scientists could lead to a new, more sustainable way to make ethanol without corn or other crops. The technology uses three basic components: water, carbon dioxide and electricity delivered through a copper catalyst.
Researchers at Waseda University have developed an efficient alternative method for synthesizing ammonia at low temperature using surface proton hopping. This breakthrough could lead to on-demand ammonia production plants running on renewable energy, with potential applications in various industries and energy sources.
A new nanomaterial capable of reducing CO2 with high selectivity and turnover number has been developed by Tokyo Tech. The material consists of carbon nitride nanosheets combined with a metal structure known as binuclear ruthenium(II) complex, resulting in unprecedented binding of RuRu' to the nanosheet surface.
A team of chemists led by Carnegie Mellon University's Rongchao Jin developed a site-specific surgery method to precisely tailor nanoparticles' properties. The technique, published in Science Advances, increases photoluminescence by about 10-fold and enhances catalytic activity.
Researchers at Hokkaido University have successfully developed a method for the catalytic asymmetric borylation of ketones, a breakthrough expected to facilitate the development of new medicines and functional chemicals. The team has identified a suitable catalyst element called chiral NHC complex for efficient reaction with diboron.
A team of researchers has developed improved tin electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction, which can increase the energy efficiency of the process. The study used computational quantum chemistry modeling to predict which dopant additives can enhance the conversion rate.
Researchers at KAUST developed a novel catalyst to split water efficiently in acidic conditions, paving the way for greener power sources. The molybdenum coating improves stability and prevents oxygen recombination, enabling longer-term hydrogen production.
A new, cheap catalyst has been invented to split water into oxygen and hydrogen using electricity. The catalyst, made of abundant non-precious metals like nickel and copper, is highly conductive and efficient, making it a promising solution for reducing the cost of producing clean hydrogen fuel.
EPFL scientists have developed an Earth-abundant catalyst to split carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon monoxide, producing liquid fuels from renewable sources. The catalyst achieved a high efficiency of 13.4% in converting CO2 to CO using solar energy.
Researchers have developed a new composite catalyst that reduces the use of rare earth elements, such as Cerium, in catalytic converters. The catalyst showed improved oxygen storage and release capabilities compared to traditional catalysts, providing better buffering effects during fuel-rich and lean exhaust conditions.
Researchers have designed a molecular system that incorporates individual components specialized for light absorption, charge separation, and catalysis into a single supramolecule. The seven-metal system with six Ru centers produces more hydrogen and remains stable for longer periods than the four-metal system with three Ru centers.
Researchers have discovered a crucial step in the water-splitting process, enabling the creation of clean solar fuels. The study reveals the characteristics of cobalt catalysts and their role in facilitating the formation of oxygen-oxygen bonds.
Researchers from Penn State and Florida State University have developed a new, industrially scalable catalyst that splits water into hydrogen with minimal external energy. The molybdenum disulfide alloy improves the efficiency of the process, enabling cheaper production of clean hydrogen fuel.
Researchers have developed a more energy-efficient catalytic process to produce olefins, which are crucial building blocks for polymer production. By analyzing carboranes' role in dehydration reactions, the team created linear relationships between energy input and alcohol characteristics.
Researchers developed a self-healing catalyst film that regenerates under water electrolysis conditions, enhancing hydrogen production efficiency. The film forms and regenerates through electrostatic attraction forces, allowing it to remain stable for several days.
Researchers at Nagoya University have developed a highly efficient catalyst that can break down even the toughest amide bonds in plastics under mild conditions. This breakthrough has significant implications for the recovery of materials from waste plastics and could help realize an anthropogenic chemical carbon cycle.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have developed a vanadium catalyst that enhances the hydrogenation process, previously dominated by expensive precious metals. The breakthrough involves synthesizing vanadium in a unique configuration, demonstrating its catalytic activity.
Biological engineers at Utah State University have successfully decoded and reprogrammed fungal biosynthetic machinery to produce natural compounds with anti-cancer, anti-microbial and anti-cholesterol properties. The team has reproduced several bio-active compounds in engineered microbes, including beauvericin and bassianolide.
Physicists at the University of Houston have discovered a highly active and stable electrocatalyst produced from ferrous metaphosphate on a nickel foam platform, outperforming traditional catalysts in efficiency and affordability. The breakthrough could enable large-scale water splitting to produce hydrogen for clean energy.
Researchers have found a new method of microbial energy production called flavin-based electron bifurcation, which is an ancient form of energy generation and conservation. This mechanism allows organisms to generate two levels of energy from a single precursor compound, conserving wasted energy in the process.
Researchers created uniform 3.2 nm platinum-zinc particles with twice the catalytic activity per surface site, outperforming larger particles containing the same amount of platinum.
Researchers developed a new process to create graphene from ethene, using higher temperatures than previous methods. The technique could open up new applications for graphene due to its lower cost and simplicity.
Researchers have successfully developed a high-efficient, stable, and multifunctional Na-Fe3O4/HZSM-5 catalyst for direct production of gasoline from CO2 hydrogenation. The catalyst exhibited 78% selectivity to C5-C11 hydrocarbons under industrial conditions.
A new process produces hydrogen at room temperature without external heat, utilizing adsorption on a RuO2/Al2O3 catalyst to initiate reaction. This enables repeated production of H2 even without external heat supply, contributing to efficient carbon-free energy production.
Arizona State University has received a record 14 National Science Foundation early career faculty awards, with the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering earning 10 awards. The awards are worth $7 million and will support research projects such as automated detection of computer network vulnerabilities and understanding heart attacks.
The team created a nanocatalyst that can perform four separate chemical reactions in one container to produce compounds useful in making a wide range of pharmaceutical products. The new catalyst reduces waste and uses more environmentally friendly solvents.
Researchers have developed a new method to produce butadiene, a key chemical component in plastics and rubber, from biomass-derived sugars. The process, called dehydra-decyclization, uses a novel catalyst to convert sugars into butadiene with high yield and selectivity.
A team of scientists has created a novel photothermocatalytic reaction that reduces CO2 to form useful carbon sources, opening new avenues for efficient CO2 conversion. The process utilizes powdered elemental boron as an all-in-one catalyst, light harvester, and hydrogen source.
Researchers at Nagoya University developed an organic catalyst that generates amino acid derivatives in high yields with precise stereochemical control. A slight structural change in the catalyst leads to inversion of a single stereocenter, enabling access to specific diastereomers.
A team of scientists has unlocked the secret of a gold-based catalyst that converts coal-derived acetylene to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), a precursor to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The catalyst, which employs atomically dispersed gold on a solid support, reduces toxic mercury pollution and enables environmentally friendly PVC production.
Researchers at Princeton University have developed a predictive model for Ni cross-coupling success based on subtle steric differences in ligand parameters. The study found that remote steric hindrance enhances reaction yields, which could help explain why Pd-based ligands are less effective on the smaller Ni atom.
Researchers at Rice University have developed an artificial photosynthesis material that can split water into hydrogen and oxygen using sunlight. The catalyst, made from iron, manganese, and phosphorus, is efficient and easy to manufacture, paving the way for a clean renewable source of hydrogen fuel.
Researchers from Brookhaven National Laboratory have identified the active site in a commonly used catalyst for making methanol from CO2. They found that copper zinc oxide should give the best results, with a synergy between copper and zinc oxide accelerating the chemical transformation.
Researchers created a new family of organocatalysts that can be 'switched on' using purple LEDs, mimicking human vision's colorful light-sensitive molecule formation. The novel approach enables the formation of single-handed isomers with improved therapeutic profiles and reduced environmental impact.
Scientists create a more environmentally friendly way to produce vanillin by encapsulating copper-aluminum hydrotalcite in silica. The new process eliminates the need for polluting hydrochloric acid and allows for catalyst reuse.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed a nanofiber catalyst that improves the efficiency of rechargeable batteries and hydrogen production. The new catalyst, made from double perovskite nanofibers, shows significantly enhanced oxygen evolution reaction capability compared to existing materials.
The OU professor's research will integrate with educational and outreach programs for American Indian students, emphasizing the importance of sustainable energy. The study aims to quantify the role of catalytically active sites in biomass conversion processes.