Articles tagged with Catalysis
A team of researchers has developed a novel reaction to insert nitrogen into C-H bonds, creating useful ring-shaped molecules. The breakthrough synthesis uses inexpensive feedstock hydrocarbons as substrates, offering a new solution to the long-standing challenge in pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have identified a new electrocatalyst that efficiently converts carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide, a highly energetic molecule. Single nickel atoms were found to catalyze the reaction with up to 97% efficiency, paving the way for recycling CO2 for usable energy and chemicals.
Researchers at Rice University have found that graphene catalysts contain trace amounts of manganese, which activates the oxygen reduction reaction and improves fuel-cell efficiency. The study used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to detect manganese atoms in samples made by the Rice lab.
A newly designed borylene molecule has been found to bind nitrogen at room temperature and normal air pressure, surpassing the capabilities of traditional catalysts like iron and molybdenum. This breakthrough may pave the way for a more energy-efficient method to convert nitrogen into ammonia.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a new desymmetrization strategy to access chiral building blocks containing urea sub-structures. The method uses a non-chiral cyclopropane precursor and an engineered copper catalyst to selectively form the desired enantiomer.
Researchers at TU Wien observed chemical waves on polycrystalline catalyst surfaces, creating fascinating spiral wave structures. The team learned that the orientation of crystal grains determines the frequency and movement of these waves, providing insights into superior catalytic characteristics.
Researchers performed synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments on titanium disulfide and compared results with theoretical calculations. They found that interlayer interactions are stronger than theory indicates, involving significant electron sharing.
Researchers at Osaka City University have developed a method to harness the potential of egg whites as a substrate for producing carbon-free hydrogen. This involves using a photocatalyst to speed up the reaction and manipulating molecular components through cooperative immobilization.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have developed a new process called pseudo-homogeneous catalysis, which combines the benefits of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic reactions. This novel technique uses elastomeric microspheres to improve palladium catalyst efficiency and reduce waste.
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have created a way to mount gold nanoparticles on a molecular support, achieving nearly 100% conversion of carbon monoxide over a wide temperature range. The discovery reveals the crucial role of water in catalysis, promising new applications for gas purification and industrial filtration.
A new method has been developed for synthesizing alkyl amines using photocatalysis alongside copper catalysis, overcoming the challenge of alkyl group synthesis. The approach allows for high selectivity and compatibility with functional groups, and can be carried out at ambient temperatures.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology have discovered a highly efficient ammonia synthesis catalyst that functions at low temperatures, exceeding the efficiency of conventional ruthenium and iron catalysts. The catalyst's unique structure expands surface area to improve performance.
Researchers at Cornell University developed a novel analytical technique to visualize polymer chain growth in real-time. By combining magnetic tweezers, optical microscopy, and spectroscopic techniques, they discovered that individual polymer chains undergo consecutive wait-and-jump steps.
Researchers developed water-splitting catalyst made of nickel and iron, but uncertainty remained about its mechanism. New study reveals iron performs water-splitting reaction, not nickel, paving the way for improved catalysts.
Scientists at USC Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute have developed a more efficient pathway for converting methane into basic chemicals. The new catalyst, H-SAPO-34, converts methane directly into ethylene and propylene, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and replacing traditional processes.
Researchers at Washington State University have developed a simple method to generate high-quality hydrogen from water using inexpensive nickel and iron. The technique could be scaled up for large-scale testing and store renewable energy generated by solar and wind sources.
Researchers tracked over 10,000 molecule trajectories to find increased reaction rates and reduced adhesion in nanowell-confined catalysis. The study could lead to the design of high-performance catalysts.
Scientists are exploring a new method to extract high-viscosity oils from challenging reservoirs such as shales and strong sands. The technique involves injecting colloidal solutions of nanosized metal oxide agents, which have shown promise in increasing efficiency and profitability.
Scientists at Waseda University have developed a novel reaction mechanism for the oxidative coupling of methane, enabling the efficient synthesis of ethylene at a lower temperature. This breakthrough could significantly reduce production costs and make the process more accessible to small-scale manufacturers.
Researchers at the University of California, Riverside, have created a new, highly efficient catalyst material that could significantly reduce the cost of producing fuel cells. The material, made from porous carbon nanofibers embedded with cobalt, outperforms industry-standard platinum-carbon systems but at a fraction of the cost.
A new carbon-based nanocomposite with embedded metal ions has shown impressive performance as a catalyst for electrolysis of water to generate hydrogen. The material's high catalytic activity and stability could lead to low-cost and efficient hydrogen production, a key step towards clean fuel.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a novel catalytic system to split water and make hydrogen using normal sunlight. The new catalyst combines nanostructured black phosphorus for water reduction and bismuth vanadate for water oxidation, achieving an ideal 2:1 ratio of hydrogen and oxygen production.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology have developed a one-pot approach to synthesizing conjugated tetraenes from inexpensive reagents, eliminating waste production and simplifying the process. The new method has potential applications in electronic materials, natural products, and pharmaceutical molecules.
A team from Beihang University in China has developed a high-performance CNT catalyst for the efficient cracking of vegetable oils. The catalyst showed efficient cracking activity and was found to have improved electroconductivity, which enhanced its performance.
Researchers have developed a new process to manufacture acrylonitrile, the precursor to carbon fiber, from renewable biomass. The bio-based process produces less heat and toxic byproducts than traditional methods.
Researchers at UCL and Tufts University developed a platinum-copper alloy catalyst that breaks carbon-hydrogen bonds in methane with reduced energy consumption. The new catalyst is resistant to coking, rendering it more effective than traditional materials.
Researchers at Rice University's NEWT Center have discovered a catalyst that converts nitrates into nitrogen and water, effectively removing the toxic pollutant from drinking water. This breakthrough offers a promising solution for addressing nitrate pollution in agricultural communities and improving public health.
An international team of researchers has combined experiments with quantum theory to explore methane dissociation reactions in minute detail. They found that dissociation reactions are at least two orders of magnitude more efficient on steps than on terraces, providing new insights for optimizing catalysts.
Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a novel electrolytic flow cell that can produce glycolic acid (GC) from oxalic acid, offering a promising solution for energy storage. The device uses a polymer membrane and porous TiO2 catalyst to achieve high efficiency and capacity.
Researchers develop novel method for selective C-H arylation at room temperature, overcoming harsh reaction conditions. The proposed mechanism involves iridium catalyst activation, arylsilane attack, and oxidation of the intermediate to achieve low-energy reaction.
The study provides a quantitative picture of how surface conditions control the growth of palladium nanocrystals. Researchers designed experiments to assess energy barriers on various facets, using seeds with different surface configurations chosen to have only one type of facet.
Researchers create a new catalyst by alloying iridium with osmium and then removing the osmium to achieve a balanced structure that supports chemical reactions. The resulting material exhibits enhanced catalytic stability and electron conductivity.
Researchers at the University of New Mexico and Washington State University have created a catalyst capable of reducing pollutants at lower temperatures expected in advanced engines. The new catalyst uses smaller amounts of platinum, the most expensive component of emission-control catalysts, while maintaining high temperature stability.
Researchers created a catalyst that can reduce pollutants at lower temperatures, relevant to advanced engines. The work uses smaller amounts of platinum and presents a new way to create more powerful catalysts.
Scientists from the University of Surrey developed non-metal electro-catalysts for fuel cells using Halloysite clay, urea, and furfural, achieving a power density performance of 703 mW cm-2.
African American women face significant disparities in breast cancer care, including delayed treatment and follow-up. The TRIP project aims to reduce these disparities by integrating three evidence-based strategies into a cohesive package across six hospitals.
Scientists from the University of Bristol have developed technology to convert widely-available ethanol into butanol, a more efficient fuel alternative. The breakthrough uses catalysts to convert beer's ethanol content into butanol, paving the way for sustainable petrol production.
Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories and University of California Merced developed a new catalyst that uses molybdenum disulfide to increase surface area and handle higher temperatures than platinum. The innovative design allows for more efficient hydrogen production, reducing the cost of fuel cells.
Researchers at Harvard's Rowland Institute have developed a system that uses renewable electricity to electrochemically transform carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide, with an energy conversion efficiency of up to 12.7%. The device has the potential for industrial applications and could be scaled up to scrub CO2 from the atmosphere.
A new clinical trial aims to test a novel treatment protocol that combines medication with follow-up support to prevent opioid relapse after recovery from an overdose. The trial, led by F. Gerard Moeller and Warren Bickel, involves patients receiving the investigational treatment in emergency rooms followed by outpatient care.
Researchers at Tufts University have discovered a new method for directly converting methane into methanol using a heterogeneous catalyst and low-cost molecular oxygen. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient and cost-effective production of chemicals, fuels, and high-grade hydrogen.
Researchers discovered that coating nickel nanoparticles with silica shells fragments the material, creating a small core of oxidized nickel surrounded by smaller satellites embedded in a silica shell. The technique may prove useful for increasing the surface area of nickel available for catalyzing chemical reactions.
Scientists developed adsorption-energy-based activity descriptors to improve electrocatalytic activity in energy storage. The descriptors are linked to interfacial electronic coupling, providing a new method for selecting high-activity catalysts and understanding structure-activity relationships.
Brookhaven Lab scientists Anatoly Frenkel, Morgan May, Rachid Nouicer, Eric Stach, and Peter Steinberg were elected 2017 American Physical Society Fellows for their exceptional contributions to physics. The fellows were recognized for their innovative research in materials physics, astrophysics, and nuclear physics, including discoveri...
A team of UCSB researchers has developed a single-step method to convert methane into hydrogen while preventing the formation of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. The process uses molten metals and results in a solid form of carbon that can be readily transported and stored indefinitely.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have developed a new catalyst that increases the efficiency of artificial photosynthesis to 64%, converting electrical energy into chemical energy. This innovation addresses two major challenges in renewable energy production, capturing carbon emissions and storing energy from solar or wind power.
Chemists at Emory University have developed a new catalyst that selectively activates a carbon-hydrogen bond without using a directing group. The breakthrough holds promise for the pharmaceutical industry and could lead to new classes of drugs.
The University of Surrey has developed a cost-effective catalyst to recycle carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) into fuels and valuable chemicals. The new 'supercatalyst' could make chemical CO2 recycling more widely available across industry, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
A team of scientists created a new catalyst that activates oxidation processes in low-reactive components of oil and gas, producing valuable products such as acids and alcohols. The researchers discovered the possibility of targeted production of pentanuclear products, which are stable in both solid and solution states.
Scientists have made progress in creating more sustainable plastics from plants, but developing recyclable materials remains a challenge. Degradable plastics face difficulties degrading in natural environments due to varying factors such as humidity and microorganisms.
The study reveals that the carbon-hydrogen bonds in the molecule play a key role in its volatile behavior. The optimal conditions for removal of excess hydrogen are below 175 degrees Fahrenheit, done in a good vacuum. This discovery can help chemists identify ideal operating temperatures and environments.
Researchers have developed enzymes that can perform complex chemical reactions with improved selectivity and efficiency. These catalysts show promise for building molecules with important biological activity and reducing waste in the process. The discovery opens up new practices for chemists to create more powerful tools.
A new study uses neutron analysis to understand the molecular mechanism of an oxygen-generating enzyme that breaks down chlorite, a industrial pollutant found in groundwater and drinking water. The research opens possibilities for future applications in bioremediation and biotechnology.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a new catalyst to produce valuable chemicals from biomass, allowing for the creation of green raw materials for manufacturing. The catalyst enables the production of important chemicals like 2-butanol and cyclohexanol without emitting CO2.
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute have developed a method to autonomously grow synthetic DNA strands, enabling the creation of programmable molecular devices. The 'Primer Exchange Reaction' (PER) cascades allow for diverse functions such as self-building DNA-origami and sensing environmental signals.
DFNS has been used in various applications including photocatalysis, solar cells, energy storage, CO2 capture, biomedical applications and environmental remediation. Its unique fibrous morphology provides enhanced accessibility to active sites and improved light harvesting properties.
Researchers have designed a new catalyst made of cobalt and tungsten that reduces the cost of electrolytic hydrogen production by splitting water molecules at very low voltages. This process avoids the use of expensive and scarce precious metals like iridium.
University of Delaware researchers have developed catalysts that transform lignocellulosic biomass into high-carbon molecules suitable for jet fuel, enabling cost-competitive and sustainable production. The process operates at low temperature and is scalable, addressing the need for non-petroleum-based fuels for aviation.
Researchers developed a dynamic catalytic converter concept that optimizes exhaust gas treatment by adjusting platinum particle size and oxidation state in response to engine operation. This improves catalytic performance and reduces noble metal consumption, increasing economic efficiency.
The study presents a novel catalyst for metal-air batteries with excellent electrochemical performance, close to that of precious metal catalysts. The new catalyst, PBSCF-NF, exhibits high surface areas and improves the bi-functionality of oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction.