Articles tagged with Catalysis
A critical review article discusses the issues and prospects of photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, highlighting the lack of a standard procedure as a major bottleneck. Recent advances in this field are also detailed, providing insights into the ongoing research.
Physicists watched a silver catalyst at work using an atomic force microscope, calculating energy turnover and optimizing catalysis. The Ullmann reaction was observed at atomic resolution, revealing unusual spatial arrangements of intermediate products.
Researchers used advanced computational methods to demystify complex catalytic chemistry in fuel cells, bringing cost-effective alternatives closer to reality. The study reveals that water plays a huge role in dictating which hydrogen atom breaks free from methanol first.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have developed a new nanofiber mat technology that increases fuel cell power output by 30 percent while reducing costs and improving durability. The technology is part of a $13 million DOE program to advance fuel cell performance and hydrogen storage technologies.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory have discovered a self-healing diamond-like carbon film generated by an automotive engine's heat and pressure. The tribofilm reduces friction by 25-40% and wear to unmeasurable values, enabling more efficient and reliable engines.
Researchers at UWM create a solid chiral catalyst that preferentially forms one enantiomer of a molecule, addressing the issue of inconsistent handedness in pharmaceuticals. This breakthrough could lead to safer and more effective medications.
Research by Stefano Fabris and colleagues reveals that moisture boosts the efficiency of a catalyst in fuel cells by creating a 'proton pinball game' that facilitates molecular transport. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient fuel cell designs.
Researchers have developed iron catalysts that can diversify chiral amino acids into 21 different structures while preserving their handedness. This technology allows for the creation of modified peptides or entirely new structures, expanding the pool of unnatural chiral amino acids available to researchers.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have developed a solar cell that captures CO2 and sunlight to produce hydrocarbon fuel. The 'artificial leaf' technology solves two crucial problems simultaneously by converting atmospheric carbon dioxide into fuel, making it a game-changer for energy production.
Researchers have found a new, sustainable catalyst for hydrogen production in the form of pentlandite, a mineral composed of iron, nickel, and sulfur. The study shows that artificial pentlandite produces hydrogen more efficiently than naturally occurring variants, with stable performance and a high active surface area.
The IBS team successfully detected hot electrons in a liquid interface, expanding the possibilities for catalytic reactions. This breakthrough may lead to highly efficient devices for applications such as fuel cells and artificial photosynthesis.
Scientists at the University of Bath will monitor chemical reactions in real-time with a new £1.3 million facility. This allows researchers to develop more efficient catalysts for producing hydrogen fuel and synthesizing paracetamol from waste citrus fruit.
Researchers have developed a unique approach to trapping platinum atoms, reducing the need for expensive platinum in chemical reactions. The new method uses cerium oxide to create nano-scale traps that keep platinum atoms stable, improving catalyst efficiency and performance.
A team of researchers at Nagoya Institute of Technology has developed a method to synthesize complex, versatile materials from starting materials with low reactivity. The synthesis uses the catalytic Mannich reaction to produce chiral imidazolines with high yield and stereoselectivity.
Two researchers have discovered a single-step chemical process that creates both alcohols and esters without generating any waste or using harmful reagents. The process is more straightforward and simpler than existing methods, offering an economical and sustainable alternative for industrial applications.
Researchers have discovered a highly selective catalyst that converts carbon dioxide into ethylene, producing more ethylene and fewer unwanted side products. The catalyst, made from plasma-treated copper, offers new possibilities for designing nanoscale catalysts with specific activity and selectivity.
A University of Houston researcher is exploring electron oscillation in porous gold nanoparticles to harness their energy. The goal is to enhance catalytic reactions and boost biosensing, potentially leading to ultrasensitive detection of disease biomarkers.
Indiana University chemists Steven Tait and Kenneth Caulton will develop new catalysts for molecular transformations using surface chemistry and metal-organic chemistry. Their goal is to convert environmentally harmful CO2 molecules into carbon-neutral plastics, building materials, and fuel.
Researchers at Princeton University, MIT and Merck & Co. have developed a cheap, complementary approach to the fundamental chemical reaction known as C-N bond coupling. The direct, cost-effective method enables efficient production of anilines, a common structure in medicinal agents, without expensive ligands.
Researchers have devised a method to recycle millions of tons of plastic garbage into liquid fuel by breaking down polyethylene with alkanes. The process is more efficient and milder than current methods, using readily available substances from oil refining.
Chemists at Berkeley Lab have successfully created a bionic enzyme by replacing iron in muscle protein with iridium, enabling a new type of chemical reaction. The discovery opens the door to converting complex structures in biomass and natural gas into higher-value materials and molecules for pharmaceuticals.
Researchers have designed a molecular catalyst that produces only hydrogen and carbon dioxide when formic acid is decomposed at a low temperature. This breakthrough could pave the way for hydrogen-powered cars by overcoming one of the major challenges: efficient production of clean energy.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have developed a new process that triggers targeted reactions using red or near-infrared light or a tiny dose of an enzyme. This breakthrough has significant implications for medicine and engineering, particularly in drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Researchers at ETH Zurich successfully upgraded methane into methyl bromide, a base material for fuels and chemicals, through oxybromination chemistry. The new catalyst, vanadium phosphate, enables closed-bromine recycling, making the process more efficient and environmentally friendly.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have discovered a new way to synthesize hydrogen peroxide in a single step, which could make it an economically feasible oxidant for various chemical processes. The method uses a palladium-based catalyst and avoids the decomposition reaction that typically occurs during synthesis.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a method to form bonds between two butadiene molecules, an alkyl group, and benzene rings using a cheap nickel catalyst. This technique enables the synthesis of high-value terminal olefins from cheap butadiene, which can be used in various industrial applications.
Scientists have developed two new molecular catalysts that can drive the key oxygen-oxygen bond-formation step in water oxidation, a crucial process for artificial photosynthesis. These ruthenium complexes enable faster and more efficient water oxidation, potentially leading to the creation of clean fuels from solar energy.
Researchers have developed a method to analyze the electronic states of iron(II) in aqueous solution, revealing new insights into its interactions with surrounding solvent. This breakthrough could improve our understanding of electron interactions in catalytic and functional materials.
Scientists at the University of Würzburg have developed a supramolecular ruthenium macrocycle that mimics photosystem II, improving water oxidation efficiency and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The new catalyst enables the production of high-energy-density fuels like hydrogen, methane, or methanol.
A team of researchers at ICIQ has designed and synthesized highly selective and effective Englerin analogues that inhibit the growth of renal cancer cells. The analogues were developed using gold catalysis and exhibited potent anti-cancer activity in cell lines, offering a promising treatment option for patients with kidney cancer.
Researchers develop a new method to convert waste cooking oil into biodiesel, reducing production costs and increasing efficiency. The process involves heating the oil with catalyst-coated beads in a microwave oven, resulting in a nearly 100% conversion rate.
Researchers developed a new composite catalyst using nitrogen-rich graphene dotted with copper nanoparticles that can convert carbon dioxide to ethylene efficiently and selectively. The study showed a selectivity of 79 percent for ethylene production, significantly higher than other approaches.
A team of chemists has developed a new method to make metal nanoframe catalysts, which could lead to improved hydrogen fuel production and reduced usage of precious materials. The breakthrough involves creating ruthenium nanocrystals with a unique crystal structure, increasing their surface area and catalytic activity.
A team of Korean researchers has successfully developed a way to fabricate an ultralight, high-density nanoporous gold material, known as Black Gold. This new material is twice as solid and 30% lighter than standard gold, with a wider surface area due to its unique nanostructure.
Researchers create a borylation reaction using methane, enabling the production of complex molecules like pharmaceuticals without releasing greenhouse gases. The study aims to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and promote sustainable use of abundant natural gas.
A team of chemists, led by Mu-Hyun Baik, has achieved the first-ever efficient activation of methane's C-H bond using a hybrid computational-experimental approach. The method enables the conversion of methane into liquid methanol, paving the way for petroleum independence and alternative fuel production.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have designed the world's most efficient catalyst for storing energy in chemical form. The new catalyst enables the efficient conversion of sunlight into hydrogen, which can be converted back into energy using hydrogen fuel cells. The study demonstrates a more efficient and highly scalable means...
Researchers have developed a stable and conductive protective layer for the 'artificial leaf' that enhances water oxidation efficiency. The innovative layer, made from ruthenium dioxide nanoparticles and an organic polymer, improves current densities and stability.
Scientists at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin developed a protective layer for the 'artificial leaf' that converts 12% of incident solar energy into hydrogen. The new layer, made from graphene, enables stable and efficient water splitting.
Researchers have successfully increased water electrolysis efficiency by applying a copper layer to platinum electrodes. This innovation boosts the reaction's activity and extends electrode lifespan. The breakthrough could lead to large-scale implementation of climate-friendly energy conversion using surplus electricity.
Researchers developed a new photocatalyst system boosting hydrogen production by up to 3.5 times, using ferrite to enhance charge carrier separation and oxidative reaction kinetics.
Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a new method for creating uniform, highly active gold nanoparticle catalysts for fuel cells. The novel approach involves wrapping a graphene support in a specially prepared polymer, resulting in the lowest overpotential ever reported for this type of reaction.
Researchers at Australian National University have successfully controlled chemical reactions using static electricity, improving reaction rates by a factor of five. The breakthrough could lead to cleaner industry, cheaper nanotechnology, and unprecedented control over chemical processes.
Researchers at the University of Huddersfield have pioneered sugar-powered catalysis, which could revolutionize industries such as agro-chemistry and pharmaceuticals. By harnessing the reducing potential of renewable sugars, scientists have developed a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method for catalysis.
Researchers have solved the first three-dimensional structure of a deoxyribozyme, a flexible DNA molecule that can act as an enzyme. This breakthrough challenges the long-held perception of DNA's stiffness and has significant implications for understanding molecular reactions and potential applications in medicine.
A new study by SISSA/CNR IOM scientists reduces wastage of expensive catalysts used in fuel cells, allowing for more efficient and sustainable energy production. The researchers created nanoparticles on nanosteps, which remain dispersed and stable, enabling the material to be reused with lower costs.
A new catalyst, made from palladium and tin, can efficiently produce hydrogen peroxide on demand, making it accessible to underdeveloped regions. This process overcomes the challenge of decomposing the product into water quickly after production.
Researchers at Cardiff University have developed a new group of catalysts that can produce hydrogen peroxide on-demand in a simple one-step process, opening up possibilities for manufacturing the chemical in remote areas. The production of hydrogen peroxide is essential for water purification and could significantly reduce costs.
Researchers developed a framework to address uncertainty in mathematical models by considering the effects of correlated parameters. This approach improves model predictability and reliability, with applications in fields such as catalysis, combustion, environmental sciences, and biology.
Scientists at Nagoya University have made a breakthrough in synthesizing cyanohydrins, useful molecules that are precursors to carboxylic acids and amino acids. The new method uses a chiral catalyst to produce optically active cyanohydrins with high yield and efficiency.
A team of international researchers synthesized large quantities of pure georgeite, a rare copper-hydroxycarbonate mineral. They found that the georgeite was an excellent catalyst precursor for two important reactions in the chemical industry, outperforming commercial catalysts.
Researchers found that graphene efficiently shields chemical interactions by covering surface defects, reducing reactivity. This shielding enables controlled selectivity and activity of supported metallic catalysts on carbon substrates.
For the first time, researchers have directly converted carbon dioxide from the air into methanol at relatively low temperatures. This process uses renewable energy to transform the greenhouse gas into a clean-burning fuel for internal combustion engines and fuel cells.
Researchers at Kazan University have developed catalysts that speed up heavy oil extraction under the conditions of in-situ combustion. The study, published in Energy and Fuels, shows promise for increasing efficiency in extracting heavy oil from Russia's vast reserves.
Researchers at TUM and Georgia Institute of Technology found that the size of platinum catalyst particles significantly affects reactivity, with clusters having fewer atoms showing lower activity. The discovery could lead to more efficient production of margarine and other chemicals, as well as new materials.
Researchers have explained why platinum nanoclusters facilitate the hydrogenation reaction used to produce ethane from ethylene. The shape of these small clusters dramatically affects reaction efficiency, contradicting macro-scale observations. The findings may apply to other catalysts and reactions at the nanoscale.
Scientists have discovered the molecular mechanism behind thyX's role in enabling diseases to reproduce. The finding could lead to the creation of non-toxic antibiotics that block the chemical reaction involving thyX. Several deadly diseases rely exclusively on thyX for survival and reproduction.
Researchers at Rice University and Swansea University have developed a two-step process using microwaves and chlorine to remove iron catalyst residues from carbon nanotubes. This method makes the nanotubes more pristine and suitable for applications such as drug delivery and solar panels.
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba identified the catalytic structure and proposed a mechanism for non-platinum oxygen reduction catalysts, showing that pyridinic nitrogen is key to its performance. The study's findings will enable optimization studies to focus on improving catalyst efficiency.
Scientists at the University of Illinois have discovered a new mechanism for directly synthesizing hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen gases using palladium cluster catalysts. This breakthrough provides insight into the formation of H2O2, which can be used as an environmentally benign alternative to chlorine.