Articles tagged with Combustion
Cornell University chemists have developed a class of nonprecious metal derivatives that can efficiently power cars and generate electricity with minimal greenhouse gas emissions. The breakthrough could enable wider deployment of hydrogen fuel cells, replacing combustion engines and reducing waste.
Researchers from Korea Maritime & Ocean University found that using LPG as a marine fuel can reduce annual fuel consumption by 7.5-10.4%, fuel cost by 8.8-25.9%, and carbon dioxide emissions by 10-14%. The study also highlights the potential for promoting LPG as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional fuels.
A team of scientists from Tokyo University of Science has developed a machine learning-based tool to predict thermoacoustic oscillations in engines. The tool uses dynamical systems theory and can classify combustion into three states, identifying pressure fluctuations that indicate future combustion oscillations.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a plant that can produce carbon-neutral liquid fuels from sunlight and air. The technology has been tested successfully and is now mature enough for industrial applications.
A global study reveals that reducing nitrogen compounds' contribution to PM2.5 air pollution is the most cost-effective measure to improve public health, with a cost of $1.5 per kg of NH3-N compared to $6.9 per kg for NOx-N abatement.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science developed a computationally quick approach to predict molten droplet solidification on a solid surface. The model simulates the solidification process by considering the droplet behavior and heat transfer between the hotter droplet and cooler surface, replicating experiments with high accuracy.
Scientists have directly observed carbon-centered hydroperoxyalkyl radical (QOOH), a crucial intermediate product in climate change models and combustion engine design. The study's results improve understanding of oxidation reactions and their impact on atmospheric pollution.
The study of medieval gunpowder recipes reveals that the evolution of the perfect powder was a slow trial-and-error process. Researchers analyzed energies released during combustion and found that certain additives made gunpowder stronger, while others had no energetic advantages but might have served other purposes.
Hailin Li, a WVU engineer, will lead a project to develop a software platform that simulates heavy-duty diesel engines with advanced after-treatment systems. The goal is to improve engine efficiency and reduce exhaust emissions, which will help cut greenhouse gases and pollutants from the transportation sector.
Researchers found significant periodic flow velocity fluctuations in fuel injector ignite combustion oscillations, leading to high mechanical stress on the combustion chamber. The findings provide a reasonable answer for why these oscillations occur and have significant implications for preventing fatal damage in critical engines.
Researchers identified the distribution of resin fractions using liquid-adsorption chromatography and MALDI spectroscopy. The results showed a decrease in molecular weight after catalytic treatment with a hydrogen donor.
A team of researchers, led by Dr. Muzammil Arshad, conducted a study on the performance of hydrogen-enriched fuel in spark ignition engines. The findings show that adding hydrogen can reduce in-cylinder peak pressure and emissions, making it a potential solution to improve fuel efficiency and reduce harmful emissions.
Researchers have discovered that power source clusters near rocket engine fuel injectors can cause combustion oscillations, leading to structural damage and unsafe operating conditions. The study uses symbolic dynamics and complex networks to understand the feedback processes that give rise to these oscillations.
Researchers investigated individual platinum atoms and small clusters on special zeolite supports, finding they are significantly more active than larger clusters in splitting oxygen. Platinum clusters also dominate CO oxidation, while individual atoms enable efficient methane combustion.
A new study identifies non-Th2, or non-atopic childhood asthma, as a distinct disease with early exposure to airborne Benzo[a]pyrene linked to its development. The findings suggest that air pollution is a likely contributor to the most severe form of asthma.
Researchers successfully ignite lean methane/air mixtures using intense fs-lasers, achieving a 100% ignition success rate with sub-mJ energy. The approach has general applicability to complex combustion conditions and provides possibilities for ultrafast physical/chemical processes investigation.
A research team at TROPOS and University of Helsinki has discovered that alkanes in fuels produce highly oxygenated compounds that can form organic aerosol and contribute to air pollution. The study uses state-of-the-art measurement technology to demonstrate an efficient autoxidation chain reaction for saturated hydrocarbons.
Alkanes participate extensively in autoxidation reactions with oxygen molecules, overturning current chemical knowledge and implications for air quality prediction and efficient fuel combustion. The discovery also sheds light on atmospheric conversion of volatile organic molecules into particulate matter.
Researchers developed a new approach to modifying coal combustion behavior, reducing unburnt carbon in ash residue and CO content in gaseous products. The method uses copper salts to intensify combustion and reduce emissions, improving fuel efficiency and minimizing energy use.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have accelerated a research engine that provides an unprecedented view inside the atomic-level workings of combustion engines in real time. The engine, built to run on a neutron beam line, allows investigation of structural changes in new alloys designed for high-temperature, advanced combus...
Researchers found evidence of a large volcanic cause of the largest mass extinction, with sedimentary mercury enrichments detected in rocks from the end of the Permian period. The study suggests that high-temperature volcanic combustion contributed to global warming and the loss of land and marine creatures.
The study used Mossbauer spectroscopy to analyze iron-containing catalysts and determine their phase composition before and after thermal steam exposure. The results indicate that maghemite is reduced to magnetite when the iron oxides react with water vapor during catalytic aquathermolysis of crude oil.
Researchers at UIC will develop specialized sensors to enable drones to adapt to various fuel types, expanding their range and capabilities. The funding will also support the education of students in combustion, sensing, and optimization.
A new bio-based catalyst, copper stearate, has been shown to efficiently inhibit gas hydrate formation and facilitate in-situ oil combustion. The compound's high performance in low-temperature conditions makes it a promising solution for the petroleum industry.
Scientists discovered that mixing petroleum coke particles with quartz sand simplifies the study of combustion kinetics in the presence of catalysts. This innovation could help reduce combustion temperatures and make petroleum coke more usable in the industry.
Colorado State University researchers have received a $3.5 million US Department of Energy grant to develop advanced combustion strategies for direct-injection large propane engines. The project aims to improve the energy efficiency of propane engines, making it a more viable alternative to diesel.
Researchers have developed a novel portable pyroelectric technology that converts waste heat into usable power, offering a clean alternative to fossil fuels and nuclear energy. The technology has an extended lifetime and uses on-chip combustion of methanol to harness energy.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin are developing a new scientific machine learning method to reduce the time and cost of designing rocket engines. By creating reduced-order models that can run in seconds, rather than minutes or weeks, engineers can test performance in different conditions more quickly and safely. This br...
The FEPCRC developed Oxy-CFBC technology significantly reduces air pollutants, including ultra fine dusts, CO2 emissions, and NOx, making it an eco-friendly alternative to traditional coal-fired power plants. The technology operates at 60% of O2 as an oxidant, reducing thermal input and increasing system efficiency.
Researchers at the University of Washington developed a mathematical model that describes how rotating detonation engines work. The model allows engineers to determine whether an engine is stable or unstable and assess its performance. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient and lightweight spacecraft.
Researchers have developed a new filtered flamelet model for predicting turbulent combustion, reducing uncertainty by using filtered quantities instead of unfiltered ones. The model demonstrates promising performance and agrees well with experimental data, paving the way for further improvement and case tests.
A new laser-based method combines X-rays and laser-induced fluorescence to observe and quantify atomizing spray phenomena, providing details on the sprayed liquid's form and distribution. The technique can detect smaller amounts of liquid than previously detected with x-rays and has the potential to study sprays in real-time.
The study investigates the effect of different stearates on in-situ combustion process, revealing copper stearate as a highly effective catalyst. Copper stearate significantly shifted onset and peak temperatures into lower temperatures, showcasing its potential in catalyzing crude oil combustion.
Researchers at Kazan University's In-Situ Combustion Lab have studied the combustion behavior of aromatic compounds and their impact on heavy oil extraction. The study found that certain aromatic compounds can promote high-temperature oxidation and inhibit low-temperature oxidation, leading to more efficient extraction methods.
A new salt-based propellant has been proven compatible with both combustion and electric propulsion systems in dual-mode rocket engines. The propellant, a mixture of hydroxylammonium nitrate and emim ethylsulfate, shows promising results in electrospray thrusters.
Researchers studied L-carnitine's thermodynamic properties to optimize its transformation into a pharmaceutical agent. The study aimed to improve the production methods and dosage forms of this substance, which is popular among athletes due to its energy metabolism correcting effects.
Researchers at KAUST's Clean Combustion Research Center investigate pre-ignition, a major bottleneck to engine downsizing. By analyzing engine parameters, they identify conditions that trigger pre-ignition, including high exhaust back-pressure and oil-fuel droplet interactions.
Scientists have discovered that organic aerosols in the atmosphere are more varied and complex than previously thought. Analyzing air samples from forests and urban environments, researchers found that up to 70% of compounds changed over consecutive samples, highlighting the need for improved air pollution control policies.
Researchers created a 3D lung cell model system to investigate how carbon-based combustion byproducts interact with human epithelial tissue. The study found that charged particles tend to stick together before penetrating the gas-exchange barrier, while neutrally charged nanodots pass through the tissue more easily.
A KAUST study investigated the ignition of methanol-based fuel formulations and found that blending dimethyl ether (DME) with methanol improves combustion efficiency. The researchers also discovered that DME dominates reaction pathways during initial phase of ignition, but can be less effective at high temperatures.
Researchers at Kumamoto University developed a new catalyst that improves NH3 combustibility and suppresses NOx generation. The catalyst allows for the decomposition of NH3 into H2 with low ignition temperature and purification through oxidation.
Researchers used the world's most powerful X-ray source to study fuel injection and combustion in a gas turbine engine. The data gathered will help advance gas turbine engine designs for higher power density and efficiency.
Researchers used numerical modeling to study the dynamics of supersonic flow, revealing two induced combustion modes and a local quasi detonation mode due to incident shock waves. The simulations provide valuable insights for scramjet engine design, enabling the optimization of mixing and combustion processes.
A team of researchers from the US Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory has developed a comprehensive model for nitrogen oxide formation in combustion. The study reveals that temperature and fuel mixture richness significantly impact NOx production, providing valuable insights for engine companies seeking to reduce emissions.
Researchers present a mathematical model for autoignition in free round turbulent jets, enabling more efficient supercritical water oxidation technology. The model simplifies complex dynamics into one differential equation, allowing for sharp characterization of autoignition events.
US Army Research Laboratory scientists improved chemical yield of diaminoglyoxime (DAG) synthesis by 80%, increasing material production per reaction. The new method reduces heat release, minimizing explosion and combustion hazards.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory used the Mira supercomputer to simulate over 2,000 engine design combinations, reducing design time from months to weeks. The simulations identified two optimized fuel-engine concepts that can improve fuel efficiency substantially.
A NJIT graduate student has developed a method to accelerate the combustion of boron, a metal with high energy potential. Adding iron to boron improves ignition and speeds up its burning in air and steam.
A new study identifies chemically termolecular reactions, where three molecules participate in breaking and forming bonds, impacting flame propagation speeds and gas phase chemistry. This discovery opens up new possibilities in engine design and understanding planetary atmospheres.
A new study by San Diego State University researchers found that cigarette smoke, marijuana smoking, and candles are significant sources of airborne particles in homes. The study also discovered that frying food and cleaning products increase fine particle levels, posing a risk to children's health.
Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories have developed computationally efficient methods to approximate potential energy surfaces, allowing for the detailed study of complex hydrocarbon molecules. The technique speeds up quantum mechanical computations by exploiting the low-rank structure of potential energy surfaces.
A team of researchers applied spectroscopic diagnostics to study sub- and supercritical jet disintegration, revealing trends important for improving jet propulsion systems. The Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) technique provided quantitative density data, offering new insights into fluid behavior.
The consortium aims to develop predictive spray models for fuel sprays in the engine cylinder, addressing uncertainties associated with fuel injection equipment. By understanding flow within the fuel injector nozzle and dispersion of liquid outside the nozzle, researchers hope to improve engine efficiency and reduce emissions.
Researchers at Kazan Federal University have achieved a significant breakthrough in in-situ combustion, increasing the combustion front speed by 10 times. The team has also developed a new understanding of catalysts' work mechanisms, making them more stable and efficient.
JILA physicists identified a long-missing piece of the puzzle of fossil fuel combustion contributing to air pollution and a warming climate. They observed a key molecule that appears briefly during a common chemical reaction in the atmosphere, revealing the reaction mechanism and quantified product yields.
Researchers generated methane from carbon dioxide in one enzymatic step using a light-driven bacterium. This breakthrough could lead to large-scale capture of environmentally damaging byproducts and conversion into alternative fuels.
Researchers at TSU and SB RAS have developed a multi-layered ceramic material with heat resistance of over 3,000 degrees Celsius, targeting the space industry and aircraft engine manufacturing. The new material will provide increased protection during reentry and improve the performance of jet engines.
A study investigates the feasibility of producing autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) by combining MSWI bottom ash with CFBC fly ash, significantly reducing material costs. The researchers found that satisfactory properties can be achieved using this combination without additional additives.
Research reveals that nitrogen-rich fertilizers and animal waste combine with combustion emissions to form solid particles causing disease and death. The good news is that declining combustion emissions may reduce fine-particle pollution even if fertilizer use doubles.
Researchers at Kazan University have developed catalysts that speed up heavy oil extraction under the conditions of in-situ combustion. The study, published in Energy and Fuels, shows promise for increasing efficiency in extracting heavy oil from Russia's vast reserves.