Articles tagged with Ions
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The NIST ytterbium atomic clocks have achieved a new record for stability, with an error rate of less than two parts in 1 quintillion. This breakthrough has significant implications for timekeeping and sensor applications, enabling rapid measurements in real-time.
Scientists at PTB successfully generated and investigated symmetry-breaking in ion Coulomb crystals, mirroring the early universe. The research enables the study of quantum phase transitions and complex system dynamics.
Researchers investigated defect formation in Coulomb crystals during phase transitions, using ion traps to compress and fold the crystal structure. The experiments confirmed the Kibble-Zurek mechanism's predictions, demonstrating its importance in understanding complex physical phenomena.
The Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) instrument on the MAVEN spacecraft will collect data on charged gas particles in Mars' upper atmosphere, helping scientists understand how the planet lost its majority of atmosphere. The data will also be used to build models of the Martian atmosphere billions of years ago.
Theorists Volker Koch and Dirk Andrae have devised formulas to calculate the polarizability of atomic ions as a function of their total charge number. This breakthrough enables accurate calculations for series of multi-electron ions, with implications for applications such as semiconductor manufacturing and planetary atmosphere modeling.
Scientists have created a device that allows researchers to observe individual lithium ions in lithium-ion batteries, providing new insights into the complex processes involved. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient battery designs with increased power density and longer lifetimes.
Physicists at Innsbruck University develop new method to measure single photons, achieving a detection probability of 12%. The technique uses quantum logic spectroscopy and entangled ions to gain practical knowledge about single particles.
Researchers used the Hubble Space Telescope to measure alpha, the fine-structure constant, on a white dwarf star. They found no significant variation in alpha near the star and compared it with laboratory measurements.
Researchers at Yonsei University have developed a technique to coat glass with silver ions, which can prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The technology could be used to protect medical equipment and be particularly useful in disaster recovery and military environments.
Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have designed an all-solid lithium-sulfur battery with approximately four times the energy density of conventional lithium-ion technologies. The battery's use of abundant low-cost elemental sulfur addresses flammability concerns, while also increasing safety by eliminating liquid electrolytes.
Scientists have simulated the sliding of 'cold ions' on a substrate, discovering that it transitions from smooth to stick-slip regime based on hole depth and chain inhomogeneity. This study contributes to understanding friction at every scale, with implications for nanotechnology development.
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck and Complutense University of Madrid use a quantum simulator to study quantum mechanical phase transitions in many-body systems. They observe how competition between two processes takes place, leading to fragile long-range correlations between distant particles.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have created the world's smallest liquid droplets in a lab experiment. The tiny droplets, about one-100,000th the size of a virus, exhibit flow-like behavior similar to quark-gluon plasma, a state of matter thought to have existed in the universe during its early stages.
A new study found that metal-on-metal hip implants can cause inflammation of the joint lining (synovitis) in asymptomatic patients, with MRI scans identifying this inflammation. The study suggests that symptoms alone are insufficient to determine an implant's health and recommends using imaging, such as MRI, to predict potential damage.
The NRL-developed MIGHTI instrument will measure neutral winds and temperatures in the Earth's low-latitude thermosphere. The ICON mission aims to understand space weather events' impact on the ionosphere.
A team of scientists discovered the ionization potential of astatine, filling a long-standing gap in its atomic structure. This finding has implications for targeted alpha therapy in cancer treatment and helps to benchmark theories on super-heavy elements.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have developed a method to introduce exactly four copper ions into each quantum dot, enabling fine-tuning of optical properties and production of vibrant colors. The study opens up possibilities for producing spectacular dyes with consistent results.
Researchers from ETH Zurich have created tin nanocrystals that can absorb and release lithium ions more effectively, leading to improved energy storage capacity. The smaller crystals are able to store more energy than larger ones, making them ideal for future lithium ion batteries.
Researchers explore ion traps as a promising architecture for constructing a quantum computer, leveraging qubits' coherence time and protection from ambient disturbances. The development of micro-fabricated devices and cryogenic cooling techniques aims to push the limits of pressure and storage capacity.
Researchers in India have developed a filter system using the medicinal herb Tridax procumbens to remove fluoride from drinking water. The technology can reduce fluoride levels by up to 98% in just three hours, making it a promising approach for defluoridation.
Researchers discovered that metal ions cobalt, manganese, and magnesium control the production of different terpenoids in insect larvae, one for defense and another for juvenile hormones. This study highlights the importance of metal ions in regulating metabolic pathways and challenges the traditional view of enzyme specificity.
Researchers use small angle neutron scattering to study ion adsorption in pores of different sizes, understanding how factors like pore size and electrolyte properties affect ion concentration. The technique provides new insights into optimizing energy storage and water desalination systems.
Researchers have devised a model of oxygen-ion dynamics that contribute to the conductivity of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), a material of great interest in electrochemical devices. By understanding oxygen-ion diffusion, scientists aim to reduce fuel cell operating temperatures from above 700°C to room temperature.
The team's detailed study reveals that clusters do not form a clearly defined intermediate step in the growth process, but instead are part of a gradual growth process. This new understanding completes the theory by describing alternative pathways for crystal formation.
A research team at Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has found a way to effectively control erosion of Hall thruster walls by shaping the engine's magnetic field. By minimizing the effect of plasma on the magnetic field lines, they demonstrated 100 to 1,000 times less wall erosion when using magnetic shielding.
Researchers propose a new hypothesis, the retention theory, to explain the ribbon's width, suggesting solar wind particles become trapped due to intense waves and vibrations in the magnetic field. This theory agrees with available observations and provides insight into how our heliosphere interacts with the universe.
A research team at the University of Innsbruck has successfully transferred quantum information from an atom to a single photon, paving the way for the construction of a quantum internet. This breakthrough enables the transfer of quantum information over optical channels between quantum computers.
Research at Ultra Short Pulse High Intensity Lab in TIFR has found a novel scheme to accelerate neutral particles over millimeters using lasers. The concept uses powerful lasers to strip electrons from argon atoms, accelerating charged ions to high energies.
Researchers measured changes in ion concentration resulting from muscle stimulation and found that extracellular potassium is a larger contributor to muscle fatigue than thought. This discovery may have important implications for conditions like hyperkalemic periodic paralysis and channelopathies.
Scientists studied fruit fly 'love song' to understand auditory system, discovering a protein-based sodium/potassium pump similar to battery compartments. This finding sheds light on the human ear's ion balance and potential mechanisms for hearing disorders.
Researchers at Newcastle University used X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze the build-up of hydrocarbons on replica kilograms, finding that a suntan could help remove contamination and bring prototype weights back to their ideal mass. The study highlights the significance of maintaining precise measurements in internatio...
Scientists have used an X-ray laser to measure atomic processes in extreme plasmas, revealing a surprising finding: collisions with electrons are not a factor in reducing X-ray signals. This discovery challenges existing models and paves the way for future research using free-electron lasers.
A team of scientists has identified a new solution to an astrophysical phenomenon using laser experiments, shedding light on the discrepancy between observations and theoretical predictions. The research paves the way for future X-ray astrophysics research using free-electron lasers.
Researchers have developed a tiny spray of liquid that forms a merged, femtolitre-size Taylor cone, allowing them to study fast biochemical reactions. The device, called dual nano-electrospray, enables scientists to probe solution interactions and complex biomolecules with unprecedented precision.
Recent NIST experiments suggest that QED may not accurately account for the behavior of atoms in exotic states. The research found that highly charged ions exhibit different photon emission colors than predicted by QED, sparking further investigation.
An international team discovered that the interaction between hot electrons and cool ions in graphite is significantly slower than previously thought, leading to a deeper understanding of planetary evolution and laser-driven fusion. The findings have wide implications for material processing, inertial confinement fusion, and astrophysi...
Scientists from Bangalore and Mainz have developed a new method for cooling ions using collisions with cold atoms. This process enables the storage of ions in ion traps at stable conditions for longer periods, which could lead to the formation of molecular ions in space.
Researchers from Aalto University successfully fabricated complex three-dimensional structures at the nanoscale by combining ion processing and nanolithography. The discovery unlocks new possibilities for nanofabrication, with potential applications in device manufacturing.
Australian scientists unveil new mathematical theory explaining ball lightning, citing ion accumulation on glass windows as key factor. The theory suggests a driving electric field of about a million volts is required to form a ball discharge.
A new study has improved understanding of plasma sources, a state of matter used in plasma display panels. Researchers found that reducing voltage can cause disordered systems to form.
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed advanced estimation algorithms that enable lithium-ion batteries to charge twice as fast and reduce energy consumption by 25%. The new technology allows for more efficient battery management, reducing costs and improving overall performance.
A team of researchers from Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf and TU Vienna discovered that highly charged ions can create nano-hillocks or craters on surfaces. The formation depends on the ion beam's charge state and kinetic energy, with nano-hillocks forming at higher energies.
Researchers at RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-based Science conclusively identify element 113 through six consecutive alpha decays. The discovery sets the stage for Japan to claim naming rights for the element, following a long-standing competition with the US and Russia.
Scientists have proposed an experimental design for building a space-time crystal, a four-dimensional crystal that can study complex physical properties and behaviors. The device would be used to study phenomena like entanglement, where particles are connected even at vast distances.
A team of researchers at Ames Laboratory has solved a century-old debate over the Fenton reaction, determining that it depends on pH levels. The discovery opens up possibilities for new uses of the reaction in wastewater treatment and industrial oxidations.
A new model developed by Robert Goldston predicts the size of a key barrier to fusion that could serve as a starting point for overcoming it. The agreement appears too close to have happened by chance, suggesting that the model's results are eerily close to data.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory use RHIC to study the transition from quark-gluon plasma to nuclear matter, with initial hints of a phase boundary revealed. The experiment varies energy and ion types to explore the properties of primordial plasma.
Researchers at NIST have accelerated beryllium ions to 100 miles per hour and controlled their deceleration, demonstrating precision control of fast acceleration and sudden stops. This breakthrough enables faster transport of ions, a crucial step in quantum computing, reducing processing overhead and improving overall performance.
Scientists at RIKEN have observed a Higgs transition of north and south poles of electrons in a magnet, Yb2Ti2O7, transitioning from fractionalized to stable monopoles. This discovery has significant implications for spintronics, as it enables the creation of dissipationless current.
Research reveals that voltage-gated sodium channels evolved independently twice in basal and higher animals, suggesting the evolution of complex nervous systems was a convergent process. This finding highlights the importance of ion selectivity for fast and accurate neuronal signaling.
Researchers at NPL have demonstrated a monolithic 3D ion microtrap array that can confine individual ions at the nanoscale and scale up to handle tens of qubits. This breakthrough device could enable faster quantum computation and advanced measurements.
Researchers at RHIC and LHC collaborate to recreate extreme conditions of early universe, studying quarks and gluons in a nearly frictionless liquid. Theoretical approaches using string theory reveal intriguing connections between QGP and conventional plasmas, superconductors, and atoms.
A research team at University at Buffalo has created synthetic pores inspired by nature, which selectively allow potassium ions and water to pass through while restricting other substances. The discovery paves the way for new technologies in water purification, tumor treatment, and disease regulation.
Researchers found that silver nanoparticles are less toxic to bacteria than their released ions. The team's study suggests that controlling the rate of ion release can enhance antibacterial properties and mitigate environmental impacts. They also discovered hormesis, where low doses of silver ions stimulate bacterial growth.
In vitro studies assess propolis' optimal concentration as a radioprotector, finding maximum protection against radiation-induced damage within 120-500 micrograms/mL. The substance does not reveal cytotoxicity or genotoxicity on non-irradiated human lymphocytes.
Researchers developed a new method called inverse Partial Fluorescence Yield (iPFY) that allows them to examine the structure of metal ions-complexes in solution without sample damage. The study found that iron ions interact strongly with water, contradicting previous thoughts.
A new microscope probe-sharpening technique has been developed to improve imaging resolution and durability for researchers studying tiny structures. The technique, described in Nature Communications, uses a matching voltage to deflect ions and sharpens the probe around the tip, preserving the point and increasing stability.
Physicists at TUM successfully created and analyzed tin-100, a doubly magic nucleus with the fastest beta decay rate. The experiment confirmed predictions made by theoretical physicists and aims to improve understanding of heavy element formation during compact star explosions.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory researchers have simulated and quantified early stages of radiation damage in materials. They used a new method to predict the effect of radiation on complex materials, including those for nuclear applications, space industry, and medical purposes.
Researchers have successfully developed a genetically modified microorganism that produces high levels of arachidonic acid, a key fatty acid essential for infant nutrition. The microorganism, produced through ion beam mutation breeding, has shown promise for industrial application and potential use as a sustainable bio-diesel source.