Articles tagged with Ions
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A team of scientists resolved a discrepancy in the decay energy of Holmium-163, paving the way for measuring the neutrino mass. The research used the Penning-trap mass spectrometer SHIPTRAP and confirmed a decay energy of 2,833 eV with high precision.
Researchers discovered that redeposition acts as a stabilising factor in the creation of hexagonally arranged dot patterns. The study reveals that eroded particles predominantly redeposit in valleys, not at hilltops, contributing to stable nanostructure formations.
Researchers from Korea University have developed an easy and microelectronics-compatible method to grow graphene, allowing for the synthesis of high-quality, multi-layer graphene on silicon substrates. The technique involves ion implantation and activation annealing, enabling controllable and scalable production of large-area graphene.
Researchers at the University of Basel have identified Buckminsterfullerene as a molecule that absorbs starlight and produces diffuse interstellar bands. The study used lab conditions similar to outer space to confirm the presence of ionized Fullerenes in space.
A new proton-conducting system created by Northwestern University professor Jiaxing Huang uses stacked clay sheets to concentrate protons for conduction. This breakthrough material has significant advantages over graphene-based sheets and other materials, including ease of production and high thermal stability.
Scientists have developed a method to manipulate complex oxide materials using only helium ions, enabling single-axis control over their behavior. This technique allows researchers to tune material properties with precision, advancing the understanding and use of these unique materials.
Astronomers detect faint radio signals of ionized carbon in distant galaxies, suggesting these ancient systems were less chemically evolved than expected. The findings reveal that even normal-sized galaxies in the early Universe can exist, but with lower dust concentrations and higher velocities.
The MAVEN mission has discovered that Mars' atmosphere is losing gas to space due to solar wind and electric forces, creating a polar plume of escaping particles. The spacecraft also detected a long-lived layer of metal ions in the upper atmosphere, and witnessed aurora displays caused by solar activity.
Scientists at ETH Zurich have developed a new method to manipulate the buckling profile of ceramic membranes, significantly enhancing their conductivity. This breakthrough has far-reaching implications for industries such as energy conversion and electronics.
Researchers visualized calcium signals in plants that spread systemically from attacked leaves to neighboring leaves, triggering a plant defense response. The study used transgenic Arabidopsis plants that emitted light energy when bound by calcium ions, allowing scientists to track the calcium flow in plants.
Researchers create system to manipulate atom spacing, tuning friction to a vanishing point, allowing for direct observation of individual atoms. This technique enables control over superlubricity, potentially boosting development of nanomachines, and has implications for controlling biological components.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University successfully separated and weighed a mixture of intact virus particles using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization MS. This technique, called heavy ion mass spectrometry, allows for the analysis of viruses that are too large to be detected by standard instruments.
Scientists have created a hybrid state of being both 'alive' and 'dead' by combining Schrödinger's cat with squeezed quantum states, enabling more stable quantum computing and precise measurement capabilities.
Researchers use precision spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunneling microscope to map out defects, superconductivity, and quantum vortices. Vortex pinning depends on shape of damage tracks and collateral damage, enabling strategic engineering of materials for energy applications.
Twin boundaries, naturally occurring defects in materials, can act as energy highways to enhance lithium-ion battery performance. Researchers have discovered that these defects can transport lithium ions more efficiently, leading to better battery life.
Scientists have developed a powerful tool to investigate ion channel selectivity using infrared spectroscopy and molecular dynamic-based simulations. This approach allows for the detection of subtle conformational changes in large membrane proteins, such as potassium channels, at atomic resolution.
The study found that axial momentum loss occurs in the helicon plasma thruster due to internal electric fields. This loss significantly affects propulsive performance. The findings suggest more detailed understanding of plasma dynamics is needed for further development of high-power, electrodeless propulsion devices.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara demonstrate a simple artificial neural circuit that performs image classification, using memristor technology to achieve brain-like efficiency. The breakthrough has potential applications in medical imaging, navigation systems, and search technologies.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed a microfabricated ion trap architecture that increases qubit density and brings us closer to building a quantum computer. The new design uses ball grid array techniques to fit more electrodes onto the chip, paving the way for increased scalability.
Researchers have created a novel plasma diagnostics method by studying the pressure change at the inner walls of energy-saving light bulbs. The technique measures the force exerted on a solid surface by plasma, providing insights into processes that conventional probes can't detect.
Researchers developed a new calibration technique for thermoluminescence dating, improving accuracy to within 1% using oxygen and lithium ions. The method employs a pulsed ion beam and a combination of detectors to replicate natural radiation exposure.
A new material developed at CU-Boulder can separate ethylene from ethane more efficiently, reducing energy consumption. This could save up to 46 million megawatt-hours of electricity per year in the US, equivalent to seven average-sized nuclear power plants.
Researchers at the University of South Carolina and Clemson University have discovered a way to improve the transport of oxygen ions in batteries and fuel cells. This breakthrough could lead to faster and more efficient energy conversion devices with significantly enhanced performance, increasing energy efficiency.
Researchers developed a material that acts as a superhighway for ions, making batteries more powerful and changing how gaseous fuel is turned into liquid fuel. The material also helps create membrane systems that purify gas mixtures, potentially replacing steam in fuel conversion processes.
Researchers found metallic lead nanospheres in 3.4 billion-year-old zircons from Antarctica, which could alter ages determined using high-resolution ion probe techniques. The inhomogeneous distribution of lead in zircon might falsify ages, highlighting the need for reevaluation of geological age determination methods.
Scientists observed a young, massive star changing shape over 18 years, revealing key stages of its formation. A torus-shaped dusty environment slowed down an initially spherical outflow, resulting in an elongated, beam-like structure.
Researchers from University of Cologne measured vibrational transitions in CH5+ ions with high accuracy, revealing the molecule's structure. The findings confirm a simple model of five hydrogen nuclei moving freely around the carbon nucleus.
Scientists have developed a new storage principle and material that enables the reversible storage of 1.8 Li per formula unit, increasing lithium storage density by up to 420 mAh/g. The new system allows for high packing densities and stable operation, making it suitable for energy supply of devices with high power requirements.
A team of physicists has successfully cooled highly-charged ions to sub-Kelvin temperatures, forming a Coulomb crystal that opens up new fields in laser spectroscopy. This breakthrough enables precision tests of quantum electrodynamics, measurement of nuclear properties, and laboratory astrophysics.
Researchers have discovered a protein in halophilic microbes that can selectively bind to caesium ions, providing potential for bioremediation of radioactive isotopes. The team plans to engineer this protein into plants to absorb and extract caesium from contaminated soil.
The MMS mission aims to investigate how the Sun's magnetic field merges with the Earth's magnetic field, explosively converting magnetic energy into heat and kinetic energy. The four identical spacecraft will use the Earth's magnetosphere as a laboratory to study this universal force of nature.
Researchers at Toyohashi University of Technology studied the real-time deformation of carbon nanocoils under axial loading, revealing their elastic boundary and average spring constant. The study's findings may pave the way for developing CNC-based applications in the future.
The center aims to provide clinical care and research using heavy particles for innovative new cancer treatments, offering a more potent and precise therapy than conventional options. The project is expected to create 130 high-level jobs and generate over $600 million in economic impact for Texas.
Professor Juewen Liu's lab developed highly sensitive and specific DNA probes for lanthanide ion detection. The new DNAzymes have catalytic activity and may have different properties than existing examples, enabling mechanistic studies into DNA/metal interactions.
Physicists use entangled ions to test the isotropy of space, disproving anisotropy theories. The experiment shows space is isotropic to one part in a billion billion, improving upon previous experiments.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a new battery technology using a Kevlar membrane to prevent lithium-ion fires and enhance safety. The membrane, made with nanofibers extracted from Kevlar, stifles the growth of metal tendrils that can become unwanted pathways for electrical current.
Scientists have discovered a way to control friction on ionic surfaces at the nanoscale by applying electrical stimulation and ambient water vapor. This new method allows for both increasing and decreasing friction, offering significant technological implications for energy research and device applications.
Physicists at the University of Innsbruck have improved an interface for a quantum internet by harnessing superradiant states, which enhance the creation of single photons. This breakthrough enables faster information transfer and more robust storage, paving the way for future quantum computing applications.
The EHT model describes the mode of action of channelrhodopsin-2 as a twisted retinal group triggering a pore opening and water entry. This understanding enables targeted protein engineering for specific applications.
The MAVEN mission has made groundbreaking discoveries about the loss of Mars' atmosphere to space over time. The spacecraft has detected a stream of solar-wind particles that penetrate deep into the planet's upper atmosphere and ionosphere, revealing a new process by which atmospheric loss occurs.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have discovered how tiny channels in neurons translate mechanical force into electrical signals. The TRAAK channel uses a novel mechanism involving potassium ion flow and lipid molecules to balance pain sensations.
Researchers at TU Darmstadt develop a green method to produce gold nanotubes, suitable for building sensors to measure hydrogen peroxide, with potential applications in medical research and diagnosis. The production process is energy-efficient and uses non-toxic chemicals.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology studied the three-dimensional structure of the ryanodine receptor using electron cryo-microscopy and a new technique for detecting electrons. The high-resolution structure reveals how the protein changes its shape upon binding calcium ions.
A new systematic study of lipid membrane-electrolyte interactions provides insights into biological cell function and potential applications in medical diagnostics. The research uses liposomes to model biological membranes and demonstrates the role of ion adsorption in modulating membrane electrical characteristics.
A new study published in Journal of Radiological Protection found little evidence to support the 'corona-ion hypothesis', which suggests a possible link between air pollution from power lines and childhood leukemia. Researchers used data from over 7,000 children born near high-voltage overhead power lines and found no increased risk of...
Researchers have created synthetic analogs of biological membrane channels using carbon nanotubes, enabling precise control over ion transport and potential applications in drug delivery, biosensing, and synthetic cells. The discovery holds promise for targeted treatment and precise molecular transport.
Ines Ehrnstorfer's research reveals the structural basis of DMT1's selective iron and manganese binding. The study shows that mutations weaken ion binding and transport in human DMT1, providing a basis for developing inhibitors to treat iron storage diseases.
Researchers have observed a previously predicted pathway for ion permeation in potassium channels does not occur, revealing a fundamental physical principle that facilitates the channels' operation. The discovery uses advances in technology to show that pairs of potassium ions are stably formed and then passed through the channel.
Researchers at Technische Universität Darmstadt confirm time dilation and observe spectral lines in highly charged bismuth ions, achieving unprecedented precision. The experiments test the limits of Einstein's theories under extreme conditions, providing new insights into quantum electrodynamics.
Researchers at Michigan Technological University have discovered that lithium ions cause local stress and phase transitions in anodes during charging and discharging, leading to their eventual failure. This 'atomic shuffling' phenomenon helps explain why layered materials are prone to degradation.
A team of University of Pennsylvania researchers developed a technique to measure the electrical properties of nanoscale structures by passing them through tiny pores. By analyzing changes in ionic current, they found new ways to apply nanopore translocation to analyze objects at the smallest scale.
Scientists have successfully observed the 'forbidden' infrared spectrum of a charged molecule for the first time. This achievement enables precise measurements of molecular properties with unprecedented accuracy. The research has significant implications for the development of molecular clocks, quantum technology, and fundamental physics.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis developed a new sensor that can detect and count nanoparticles as small as 10 nanometers, one at a time. The sensor uses Raman microlasing technology to achieve high sensitivity and biocompatibility.
Researchers develop new method to quantify and correlate biological aggregation effects on radiofrequency heating and MRI contrast of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The study presents a platform for accounting for aggregation in clinical applications, such as cancer hyperthermia.
A novel modeling strategy simulates polyelectrolyte systems, enabling the prediction of desirable characteristics for various applications. The 'implicit solvent ionic strength method' reduces computational costs, allowing for quicker results and larger system complexity.
A team of researchers has devised a method to rapidly test the structural materials used in nuclear reactors, closely replicating damage caused by high-energy neutrons. The technique uses high-energy ion beams to damage samples of ferritic-martensitic steel, allowing for the development of more resilient components for advanced reactors.
Rice University physicist Emilia Morosan has been awarded a $1.5 million grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to investigate unusual quantum materials. Her research aims to uncover fundamental properties of these compounds, which may lead to new discoveries in condensed matter physics.
Physicists at NIST demonstrated a pas de deux of atomic ions that combines precise control with entangled states. The ion duet enables scalable simulation and computing, with potential applications in logic operations and precision measurement tools.
Scientists used X-ray imaging and chemical fingerprinting to analyze lithium iron phosphate battery material under operating conditions. The results show that fast charging inhibits the material's performance due to inhomogeneous phase transformation, while slower charging yields higher capacity.
Physicists at the Joint Quantum Institute have developed an MRI-like diagnostic technique for studying large ensembles of interacting quantum spins. The method reveals spin-spin interaction strengths and energies of various configurations, offering insights into complex phenomena like magnetism.