Articles tagged with Ions
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Chemists from Russia and Switzerland develop biosafe luminescent nanoparticles for imaging tumors and blood vessels, offering an alternative to toxic quantum dots. The particles are composed of hafnium oxide doped with rare earth metals, which provide high luminescent properties while maintaining biosafety.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology have discovered how gold nanoparticles form within protein nanocages, revealing a key process in biomineralization. The study reveals the role of sulfur-containing residues in enhancing Au uptake and agglomeration into nanoclusters.
The LOH-Theory suggests that amino-acids and primitive organisms arose in semi-liquid water systems saturated with functional organic substances, allowing for exothermal and thermodynamically feasible syntheses. The theory is supported by analyses of available literature and paleontological data on the origins of life on Earth.
Researchers at ORNL studied tungsten degradation under reactor-relevant conditions, discovering that lower-energy bombardment produces finer, smoother tendrils. The study aims to engineer robust materials for fusion reactors, which pose significant challenges due to plasma exposure.
Researchers have made discoveries about the behavior of carbonate species at saltwater surfaces, finding that the more highly charged carbonate ion was more abundant than expected. This raises questions about the global carbon cycle and potential applications in carbon sequestration and biology.
Researchers used a full-field transmission x-ray microscope to capture the structural and chemical evolution of a sodium-metal sulfide battery during its electrochemical reactions. The study reveals significant fractures and cracks in the material after the first cycle, leading to irreversibility and degraded performance.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology have developed triboelectric nanogenerators to charge molecules in mass spectrometers, dramatically boosting sensitivity and allowing for smaller sample volumes. The technology enables controlled ionization and eliminates waste, opening new avenues for scientific applications.
Researchers at Aalto University have visualized the effect of oxygen ion migration on complex oxide materials, leading to uniform and reversible changes in electrical resistance. This finding could pave the way for the development of resistance-switching random access memories.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed superionic solid nanoclusters that could replace liquid electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries. The nanoclusters' unique structure enables ions to move through them like a liquid, improving thermal and mechanical stability.
Researchers have discovered that an important chemical bonding principle, inverse-trans-influence (ITI), operates in metal complexes across the periodic table, including lanthanides and actinides. The finding has potential implications for waste clean-up and treatment of cancerous tumors.
Researchers have developed silver ion-coated scaffolds that can slow the spread of MRSA and even regenerate new bone. The biodegradable scaffolds were seeded with stem cells and found to inhibit MRSA while supporting bone tissue formation, offering a potential solution for treating osteomyelitis.
An international team has published a practical blueprint for building a universal quantum computer, capable of solving complex problems in science and medicine. The machine's capabilities include answering questions on the furthest reaches of space, creating lifesaving medicines, and unraveling scientific mysteries.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a new technique for extracting uranium from an aqueous solution using soap-like chemicals, potentially reducing the need for harsher separation methods. The technique also shows promise for legacy waste treatment and environmental cleanup.
Researchers develop a non-invasive procedure using high-energy carbon ions to treat cardiac arrhythmias, offering a gentler alternative to catheter-based surgery. The method, tested in animal studies, can permanently interrupt the propagation of disruptive impulses with pinpoint accuracy.
The MacKinnon lab has reconstructed the three-dimensional architecture of three molecular channels using cryo-electron microscopy. The findings reveal intricate details about how these channels function, with implications for understanding muscle contraction, heart rhythm, and other physiological processes.
Researchers at Princeton University have identified a potential treatment target for the hepatitis E virus by exploiting its ability to use proteins to escape host cells. The study found that curtailing viroporin production could prevent viral particles from spreading, providing a new avenue for antiviral drugs.
Researchers developed biocompatible scaffolds with controlled-release silver ions to inhibit MRSA bone infection. The antimicrobial properties of silver combined with bone-forming stem cells offer a potential implant system for treating and preventing bone infections.
Researchers developed a transparent, self-healing, highly stretchable conductive material that can be electrically activated to power artificial muscles. The material has potential applications in robots, biosensors, and electronic devices, offering improved durability and efficiency.
A new concept harnesses low-frequency mechanical energy to generate electricity, improving performance at lower frequencies than existing devices. The device, called an ionic diode, operates at one-tenth Hertz and has a higher peak power density compared to piezoelectric generators.
Sea urchins and microorganisms have been found to 'drink' seawater, extracting calcium ions through a network of bubbles within their cells. This method may be more energy-efficient than previous theories, but also presents challenges in manipulating ions in the sea water.
A team at HZB and Univ. of Freiburg has cooled 10 million ions to 7.4 K using a novel method, allowing for cryogenic X-ray spectroscopy and studying magnetism and ground states of molecular ions. This achievement paves the way for developing new materials for energy-efficient information technologies.
Four Kiel University instruments will measure electrons, protons and ions in the Solar Orbiter space probe. The instruments passed tests with flying colours, providing valuable insights into sun particle radiation and its effect on Earth.
Researchers have recreated the universe's origins and nature of matter by simulating high-energy nuclear collisions. The simulations show that the quark-gluon plasma exhibits a twisting, whirlpool-like structure, with swirling rings and vortices that can be measured experimentally.
Researchers at GFZ found that magnesium sulfate dissolved in water separates less than expected above a pressure of 0.2 Gigapascal, leading to increased ion pairing. This anomaly is relevant for studying cold planetary bodies with deep oceans, potentially making their oceans saltier than thought.
Researchers observed the buildup of Fano resonances in a helium atom via two different paths simultaneously, allowing them to study the time evolution of these processes. This discovery enables precise control over quantum effects and opens up new possibilities for controlling chemical reactions.
Scientists have developed multicolor electron microscopy, enabling up to three colors (green, red, yellow) to be used in an image. The new method has potential applications in biology, distinguishing cellular compartments and tracking proteins.
Researchers create reconfigurable array of traps for single atoms, enabling the manipulation of up to 50 individual atoms in separate traps deterministically. The technique uses lasers as optical tweezers to pick and hold individual atoms in place, paving the way for large-scale atom arrays in quantum computing.
Researchers have developed a bioelectric system that can deliver neurotransmitters in the body at speeds nearly as fast as the nervous system itself. This breakthrough technology has the potential to treat conditions such as chronic pain, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease.
Researchers at West Virginia University have directly measured the 3D patterns of flowing plasma striking fusion and space propulsion device walls. The measurements show that plasmas accelerate parallel to the wall before impact, causing rapid erosion of the devices' lifetimes.
A new theory by Murugappan Muthukumar accurately measures charged macromolecules like proteins and DNA. The Stokes-Einstein formula works for charged molecules by accounting for small ions that neutralize charges.
Scientists from Poland and France have discovered a new type of atomic nucleus that challenges the long-held assumption that heavy elements are the only ones to exhibit complex deformations. The nuclei of calcium were found to be superdeformed and triaxial, with a distorted shape along three axes.
Researchers have developed methods to control defects in graphene, which can lead to improved membranes for water desalination and energy storage. Simulations using the Reactive Force Field Method predict interactions between atoms and defects, enabling controlled defect formation.
A new study reveals that young, hot stars ionize oxygen in the early universe, affecting galaxy evolution. The strength of doubly ionized oxygen increases with time, while singly ionized oxygen decreases after 11 billion years.
Researchers developed a coffee-infused foam filter that can remove up to 99% of lead and mercury ions from water. The innovative system uses spent coffee grounds in a bioelastomeric foam, making it easy to handle and discard after use.
Researchers have developed a way to increase the amount of electrical current an iron-based material can carry while maintaining its superconducting properties and raising its critical temperature. The method uses low-energy proton bombardment to introduce defects in the material's crystal structure, pinning magnetic vortices and impro...
Researchers have made new insights into the underlying mechanisms of cystic fibrosis, a deadly genetic disorder affecting the lungs and other organs. The study reveals how estrogen disrupts ion transport in patients with CF, leading to more severe symptoms and shorter life expectancy for women.
Researchers at UTA are developing novel catalysts using metal ions to activate simple hydrocarbons and produce more complex molecules. A new portable sensor is also being developed to detect specific gaseous molecules in plant product storage facilities.
Researchers at UNIST have developed a novel separator membrane for batteries, featuring higher ion conductivity and enhanced performance. The new material is expected to enable significant advances in lithium-ion battery technology.
Researchers at UCLA have found that ions subjected to buffer gas cooling never truly reach the same temperature as the surrounding gas, defying classical thermodynamic principles. The study reveals multiple final temperatures and highlights the need for nuanced understanding of the buffer-gas cooling process.
Researchers from PPPL found that applying magnetic fields can control Alfvén waves and reduce fast-ion escape, leading to higher temperatures and more efficient fusion processes. This breakthrough could help improve tokamak performance.
Researchers have discovered a way to increase lithium-ion battery capacity by up to 2300 mAh/g, more than six times the current maximum for graphite-based batteries. Extremely thin layers of silicon can be sufficient to absorb high amounts of lithium, reducing material and energy consumption.
Researchers at Michigan Technological University and University of Maryland operated a tiny electrospray thruster under a microscope to study its behavior. The thruster, which creates a force less than the weight of a human hair, was found to form needle-like spikes that disrupt its function.
Researchers from MIT and Lincoln Laboratory have developed a prototype chip that can trap ions in an electric field with built-in optics, enabling the miniaturization of qubit technology. This breakthrough could lead to practical quantum computers by scaling up trapped-ion quantum information processing.
The new module combines proven techniques with advances in hardware and software to run arbitrary algorithms on five qubits. It enables the flexibility to test the module on a variety of problems, bringing practical quantum computing closer to reality.
Research by Stefano Fabris and colleagues reveals that moisture boosts the efficiency of a catalyst in fuel cells by creating a 'proton pinball game' that facilitates molecular transport. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient fuel cell designs.
Researchers have discovered new spectral lines from highly charged heavy ions in fusion plasmas, which could be useful for plasma application research such as EUV lithography. The study used the LHD facility to create high-temperature plasmas and observe the emission spectrum of extreme ultraviolet wavelengths.
A team of researchers from the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias has discovered a new gaseous component in a planetary nebula, which is helping to understand the chemical evolution of our Galaxy. The component, rich in heavy elements such as oxygen and carbon, was detected using the OSIRIS instrument on the Gran Telescopio CANARIAS.
The IBS team developed a novel approach to synthesize carbon nanostructures by embedding lanthanum ions in zeolite pores, resulting in graphene-like materials with high electrical conductivity. This efficient synthesis strategy enables the scalable production of carbon nanostructures for various applications.
Researchers have long struggled to understand the factors contributing to battery inefficiency. A new study led by Texas A&M University chemist Sarbajit Banerjee reveals that trapped electrons, which form 'puddles of charge,' are a major obstacle. By imaging these electron clusters using advanced X-ray microscopy, the team has gained i...
A study published in The Journal of General Physiology found that two specific mutations in the Cx26 protein cause distinct symptoms in KID Syndrome patients. Hemichannels containing the N14Y mutation showed lower ion conductance, while those with the N14K mutation were more stable and allowed robust ion conductance.
Researchers have created stable silver clusters within zeolite frameworks, maintaining their unique optical properties. This breakthrough has great potential for the development of more efficient and affordable fluorescent and LED lighting.
Researchers developed a new analysis method using magnetic fields to quickly measure aluminum concentration in tap water. This can lead to more efficient and environmentally-conscious coagulants for water treatment.
A Japanese team has digitalized magnetogram recordings from the early 20th century, providing insights into space weather patterns before satellite observations became available. The study found that plasma in near-earth space was twice as heavy around 1958 and 1970 due to a higher mixture of oxygen ions.
Researchers used X-ray free electron laser to study the effect of radiosensitizers on tumor cells. They found that energetic ions formed by ionization cause damage, leading to increased radiation sensitivity.
Astronomers discovered that magnetic instabilities in black hole jets determine their fate. Powerful jets can punch through surrounding gas into intergalactic space, while unstable ones fall apart and deposit energy within the galaxy.
Astronomers using ALMA detected a clear signal from oxygen in a galaxy 13.1 billion light-years away, revealing insights into cosmic reionization. The detection of ionized oxygen is crucial for understanding the early Universe and the formation of galaxies.
Researchers detected gas containing oxygen in a galaxy 13.1 billion light years away, providing insight into ancient times. The discovery helps scientists understand the universe's reionization and the nature of its first stars.
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has observed oxygen in a galaxy 700 million years after the Big Bang, providing evidence for cosmic reionisation. The findings suggest that many brilliant stars have formed in the galaxy, emitting intense ultraviolet light to ionise gas.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory used neutron scattering to uncover magnetic excitations in a rare-earth based intermetallic compound. The study reveals exotic magnetic properties, challenging conventional expectations of magnetic behavior in materials.
Physicists at NIST create a quantum simulator by entangling up to 219 beryllium ions, enabling simulations that challenge classical computers. The technique also helps improve atomic clocks and models complex physics phenomena.