Articles tagged with Ions
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers developed CIBs using PB and PBAs as electrode materials, achieving reversible capacities of 40-50 mAh/g. The excellent cyclability is attributed to the durable structure and charge balance during insertion and extraction of calcium ions.
Scientists have developed a new nanoscale probe to study electrochemical properties, which could lead to significant improvements in battery and fuel cell performance. The device can measure local variations in material properties, allowing researchers to better understand how electrochemical systems work.
Researchers demonstrate how state-of-the-art quantum simulations with trapped ions can be used to solve complex problems like number-partitioning. By applying a strategy known as quantum annealing, they show a faster solution than other methods.
Researchers have made a significant breakthrough in understanding how neurotransmitters are transported across nerve cell membranes, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms behind depression and addiction. The study reveals that certain drugs can hijack this process, leading to excessive neurotransmitter release.
Researchers confirmed the 'superexchange' model explaining MnO's long-range magnetic order by studying short-range magnetic interactions. The study used a new mathematical approach called mPDF analysis to measure correlations in fluctuating moments, providing crucial information about magnetic interactions and their role in superconduc...
New observations from NASA's Van Allen Probes have revealed the ring current behaves differently than previously thought. The high-energy protons in the ring current change in a completely different way from the low-energy protons, indicating a persistent ring current around Earth even during non-storm times.
Researchers design a perovskite nanoparticle that changes color when interacting with ions and small molecules during chemical reactions. This allows for qualitative monitoring of reactions with the naked eye and quantitative analysis with simple instrumentation.
Researchers at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have discovered a new phase transition in an oxide material, enhancing the performance of solid oxide fuel cells. This breakthrough could lead to more robust and efficient fuel cells with reduced emissions.
The resistivity of carbon nanocoils increases with coil diameter, with a large discrepancy between CNCs and graphitized versions. The interior of the nanocoil contains a highly-disordered carbon network that affects its electrical properties.
Researchers developed a technique to visualize lithium ion battery discharge mechanisms in nanosized iron-oxide material, revealing the intercalation and conversion reactions that occur during lithiation. The study provides insights into how to improve battery performance and increase their longevity.
Two NASA sounding-rocket missions aim to investigate coronal nanoflares and oxygen atom escape into Earth's magnetosphere. FOXSI-3 will study hard X-ray imager/spectrometer signatures of tiny energy releases, while VISIONS-2 will observe outflowing ions from Earth's upper atmosphere.
Researchers discovered that oversized microgel particles shrink to match smaller neighbors due to shared counter ions, increasing osmotic pressure and expelling solvent. This mechanism allows for the formation of crystalline structures with point defects eliminated, unlike hard particle systems.
A multi-institution team is using the Titan supercomputer to study actinide chemistry and design methods for separating radioactive compounds from their inert counterparts. The team aims to develop a broad understanding of actinide science to safely store spent nuclear fuel and remediate contamination.
A new study reveals that glial cells play a dynamic role in shaping nerve endings, controlling neuron connections and functions. Glial cells use specific molecular mechanisms to regulate the shapes of different neuronal cell types, including those expressing temperature- or odor-sensing proteins.
The Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument collected three years' worth of measurements before the July 15 Pluto flyby. Data showed that the solar wind's tumultuous flow becomes more uniform by the time it reaches Pluto's orbit.
A new study by The Endocrine Society found that 13 out of 29 UV filters tested disrupted sperm cell function in human sperm cells, interfering with normal sperm functions necessary for fertilization. Some UV filters mimic the effect of female hormone progesterone, causing a temporary influx of calcium ions into the sperm cell.
Scientists at NIST have made significant advances in creating safe and efficient solid-state rechargeable batteries. By modifying the chemical makeup of promising compounds, they increased their current-carrying capacity and enabled them to operate within a wider temperature range.
EPFL researchers demonstrate that ion channels can be explained by the Coulomb blockade law, a principle governing electron transport in quantum dots. The discovery sheds light on how ions travel through nanopores, a fundamental aspect of cellular function.
Researchers at RHIC detected a key effect of the color interaction, which binds quarks within protons, for the first time. This measurement tests theoretical concepts essential for mapping the proton's three-dimensional internal structure.
A team of Korean scientists has developed a new framework for understanding acid-base reactions in organic chemistry. The study revealed that hydrogen-bonded clustering plays a critical role in enhancing the reactivity of alcohols and promoting the formation of an effective Brønsted base.
Researchers at The University of Nottingham are developing Sodium MRI technology to provide more detailed tissue health and disease information. The technique uses naturally occurring sodium ions, which can offer greater clarity than current hydrogen-based MRI scans.
Researchers are developing personalized assessment tools to predict and prevent radiation-induced cancers in astronauts and on Earth. High-energy ions, like those used in cancer treatments, pose a risk of new tumors and more aggressive cancer types.
Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University discovered the key trigger of Alzheimer's disease development, involving zinc ions and peptide aggregation. They propose a mechanism for transforming healthy peptides into toxic ones, paving the way for new medicine to block beta-amyloid peptide aggregation.
Physicists have made breakthrough in understanding plasma turbulence that drives fusion energy, using high-resolution multi-scale simulations. The study resolves multiple turbulence instabilities and explains heat loss mismatch between theoretical predictions and experimental observations.
Researchers have identified an effective and safe treatment for Huntington's disease, using IONIS-HTTRx to inhibit huntingtin protein production. The drug has shown promising results in mice and monkeys, with motor skill improvements and reduced cortical huntingtin levels.
A team of scientists, led by Bailong Xiao, has discovered the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanotransduction in Piezo proteins. They found that these proteins form a novel class of ion channels with distinct modules responsible for ion conduction and mechanical force sensing.
A gold sensor developed by a Nebraska researcher uses DNA to detect gold and other metals in water samples. The sensor has potential applications for monitoring household water supplies for lead, mercury, arsenic, and other contaminants.
Researchers link NSAIDs with ruthenium and osmium ions to destroy cancer cells, while leaving most normal cells alone in lab tests. The combination shows promise as an effective treatment for ovarian cancer and potentially reduces side effects.
Scientists from PTB reduce the measurement uncertainty of their ytterbium clock to 3 E-18, exceeding predictions by Hans Dehmelt in 1981. The achievement showcases the accuracy and stability of optical atomic clocks.
Researchers at PTB have demonstrated non-destructive state detection technique for molecular ions, enabling novel spectroscopy methods with applications in chemistry and fundamental physics. The technique enables direct observation of quantum jumps in isolated molecules.
Astronomers studied the ionized gas outflow from NGC 6240, a starburst galaxy driven by intense star-forming activity. They found complex structures in the H-alpha nebula, including large 'broken bubbles' and evidence of past superwinds.
The Ions4Set project seeks to develop single electron transistors that can process information at room temperature, overcoming current power consumption limitations. By combining these transistors with field effect transistors, the EU project aims to create energy-efficient minicomputers for the 'Internet of Things'.
The Stanford-Berkeley device is a noninvasive, wearable technology that analyzes sweat composition for continuous health monitoring. It provides insight into an individual's physiological state at molecular levels, allowing for real-time alerts on fatigue, dehydration, and other health problems.
Colorado State University's new mass-spectral imaging system allows for unprecedented detail in cellular analysis, mapping surface composition in three dimensions. Researchers can now examine how cells respond to new medications and investigate antibiotic resistance, with potential applications in combating tuberculosis and bioterrorism.
An international team has discovered a compact galaxy emitting a large number of ionizing photons, confirming the hypothesis that galaxies were responsible for cosmic reionization. The 'green pea' galaxy J0925 was found to be ejecting ionizing photons with unprecedented intensity.
Researchers at Lehigh University and international collaborators found that small quantities of oxygen are needed to enhance the optical properties of Eu-doped GaN devices. The study utilized native oxygen in Eu(RE)-doped GaN for enabling device compatibility in optoelectronic applications.
Scientists have discovered a new phenomenon where fluctuations in high-temperature plasma grow abruptly, accompanied by large oscillation amplitude. The research provides insight into the mechanism of this phenomenon, known as subcritical instability, and its potential impact on nuclear fusion.
A team of researchers has been awarded a grant to develop a new ion technology for tackling quantum computing's error control challenge. The goal is to build modular super-qubits that can correct errors and scale up quantum information applications.
Researchers at Osaka University have successfully observed two-phonon quantum interference using two cold calcium ions in ion traps. This achievement demonstrates the shared properties of phonons and photons, paving the way for quantum simulation and interface research.
Scientists at NIST create non-invasive technique to map trapped light vibrations and fine-tune resonator frequency, enabling ultrasensitive sensors and identical resonances. The focused lithium-ion-beam technique allows for high-resolution imaging without disturbing near-fields.
Physicists at NIST have performed logic operations with two atoms of different elements, a hybrid design that could be an advantage in large computers and networks. The experiment demonstrates the feasibility of mixed-atom gates, which rely on entangling ions using custom traps and laser beams.
RHIC scientists found that shape affects particle production and flow in collisions, enabling them to separate results by geometry. This discovery represents a paradigm shift in understanding quark-gluon plasma formation.
Researchers harness molecular machinery of living systems to power integrated circuit from ATP, enabling new artificial systems with both biological and solid-state components. The system produces an electrical potential harvested by the IC in the presence of ATP.
Researchers at Linköping University have developed power paper, a three-dimensional organic mixed ion-electron conductor that stores energy. The material has outstanding ability to store energy, can be recharged hundreds of times, and is produced from simple materials like renewable cellulose and an easily available polymer.
Researchers found that water ions escape from Saturn's magnetosphere at a reconnection point, where magnetic fields disconnect and reconnect. This discovery helps scientists understand the physics of rapid rotators like Jupiter and how they expel materials.
Researchers find that high-energy lepton plasma flows can accelerate interstellar ions in a two-stage process, with the first stage driven by the Weibel instability and the second stage involving collisionless shock waves. This discovery has implications for our understanding of cosmic ray generation.
Researchers from HZDR and TU Dresden have developed a method to fabricate nanomagnets in an iron-aluminum alloy layer without masks. The use of highly focused ion beams enables the generation of complex magnetic geometries suitable for spintronic device applications.
Researchers from Imperial College London have discovered a method to heat ions directly using high-intensity lasers, potentially leading to faster and more efficient fusion reactions. The technique, which uses electrostatic shockwaves to accelerate ions, could be used at many laser facilities worldwide.
A new nanoparticle with onion-like layers converts low-energy near-infrared light to higher energy blue and UV light with record-high efficiency. This innovation enables improved performance in technologies such as deep-tissue imaging, security inks for printing money, and bioimaging.
The MAVEN mission has revealed enhanced escape rates of ions during solar bursts, hinting at substantial atmospheric loss in early Martian history. The study also found a large vertical temperature gradient and mixing of gases near the thermosphere and ionosphere.
The study found that pteropods, a tiny sea snail, will struggle to form their shells due to low carbonate ion concentration. The duration of undersaturation events will increase abruptly, posing an uncertain adaptation for vulnerable marine organisms.
A Dartmouth-led study investigates the resonance of relativistic electrons with electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the Van Allen radiation belts. The findings reveal that low proton temperature is the primary factor influencing the lower minimum resonant energy, contrary to previous assumptions about high density.
A team of researchers has decoded a signaling pathway involved in the onset of seizure disorders, discovering that a central switch called MTF1 plays a key role. By inhibiting this switch, they were able to reduce seizures in epileptic mice, offering new potential for diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers at Princeton University have predicted a new phase of superionic ice with unusual conductivity properties. The P21/c-SI phase occurs at high pressures beyond giant ice planets, offering insights into the material's behavior.
The CMS collaboration at CERN has reported the first particle collisions from the Large Hadron Collider's second run, producing an average of 22 charged particles per collision. The results provide a precise picture of a typical proton collision, which will help scientists sift through background events to detect rare particles.
Scientists at MIT have developed tiny graphene pores that exhibit diverse preferences for certain ions, similar to those found in biological channels. The findings have significant implications for the development of ion-specific membranes for environmental sensing and trace metal mining.
Researchers successfully grew atomically thin 2D sheets of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites from solution, exhibiting efficient photoluminescence, color-tunability, and unique structural relaxation. The ultrathin sheets have square-shaped geometry, high quality crystallinity, and large size, facilitating their integration into futu...
Researchers developed a rotaxane gold catalyst with enhanced properties, which can be controlled by adding acid or metal ion cofactors. The catalyst's shape changes with different ions, leading to varied reaction products and suggesting a potential method for tailoring catalysts.
The ALICE experiment confirms a fundamental symmetry between nuclei and antinuclei in terms of charge, parity and time. The measurements were made possible by the ALICE experiment's high-precision tracking and identification capabilities.
New RHIC data reveals clear-cut evidence of primordial soup's signature particle flow in collisions of 3-particle ions with gold nuclei, confirming earlier suspicions that smaller particles can create droplets of free-flowing QGP. The analysis shows a triangular pattern consistent with the creation of three tiny droplets of QGP.