Articles tagged with Ions
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The AMOEBA force field provides a detailed understanding of protein-ion interactions by incorporating quantum methods. The model distinguishes selective ion binding in calcium and magnesium ions, shedding light on their role in various biological processes.
Researchers have developed a new material using asphalt and graphene to create a safer lithium-ion battery. The asphalt battery has higher conductivity than traditional lithium-ion batteries and is more than 10 times faster at recharging.
Researchers in Brazil are testing a technique combining low-intensity electric current with nanoencapsulated chemotherapy to treat skin cancer. The study found that topical application combined with iontophoresis resulted in a significantly greater reduction in tumor size and made the tumor less aggressive.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have discovered that wound healing is triggered by a complex series of calcium signals in cells. The team found that cells use both gap junctions and protein signaling to respond to injury, allowing them to differentiate between different types of wounds.
A new zinc sensor has been developed by researchers at the University of Adelaide, enabling real-time detection and measurement of zinc levels in cells. The sensor's innovative design allows for continuous or repeated measurements within a single biological sample, opening up new possibilities for diagnostic tools.
Researchers have developed a novel coating that prevents side-reactions and promotes uniform lithium deposition, leading to improved battery performance. The new indium-lithium hybrid electrodes showed stability over 250 cycles with high capacity retention.
The Pitt research team is developing a new approach using machine learning and quantum chemistry calculations to predict effective and degradable chelating agent candidates. This project aims to improve the sustainability of industries such as detergent manufacturing, heavy metal treatment, and waste remediation.
The team demonstrates that titanium dioxide can be modified to be used as an electrode in multivalent batteries, providing a valuable proof of concept. This breakthrough could lead to higher charge densities and better performance for new battery technologies, essential for transitioning to low-emission energy sources.
Scientists have discovered correlated flow of particles emerging from even the lowest energy collisions at RHIC, exhibiting behavior associated with quark-gluon plasma formation. The findings suggest that these small-scale collisions might be producing tiny, short-lived specks of matter mimicking the early universe.
An international team of scientists found that ions defy nature's norms by breaking Coulombic ordering when confined in small spaces. This discovery could lead to improved energy storage and water treatment technologies.
The study reveals how arrangement of atoms creates forces that pull crystals together and align them. Researchers found that manipulating attraction through ion type, concentration, and temperature can control crystallization.
Researchers create biocompatible degradable structures using stereolithography with sodium alginate precursor solutions, allowing for transient structures to dissolve away on demand. This technique is useful for making lab-on-a-chip devices and dynamic environments for live cells experiments.
Researchers at Technical University of Munich used a scanning tunneling microscope to analyze the surface activity of catalysts. They found that defects on the surface create ideal conditions for catalysis by attracting but not holding onto hydrogen ions.
Researchers create non-invasive ESR imaging technique using quantum probes to detect and image electronic spins with sub-cellular resolution. This breakthrough provides new insights into the role of transition metal ions in biology and disease, offering a promising tool for probing human biochemistry.
Researchers have uncovered a reason why semiconductors lose their ability to carry electricity as they become more densely doped. They found that transient bonding of dopant ions with the semiconductor base material impeds conduction, but now know how to design smarter systems to minimize this effect.
Scientists have discovered a new class of materials that can replace liquid electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries, potentially leading to smaller, lighter, and safer devices. The breakthrough material showed exceptional ionic conductivity, even at low temperatures, and its properties are comparable to those of liquid electrolytes.
Scientists developed a new anode material with improved specific capacity and stability, using silicon- and germanium-based materials. The material's three-dimensional architecture provides high energy efficiency for next-generation energy storage systems.
Rutgers engineers create a nano-sized actuator that can lift 265 milligrams hundreds of times in a row, defying conventional strength limits. The discovery uses molybdenum disulfide to generate extraordinary mechanical properties.
Developed by a team of researchers, the biosensor uses antibody fragments and polyethylene glycol molecules to detect target compounds in serum. The device can diagnose many conditions and illnesses at sub-picomolar concentrations, making it inexpensive and easy to use.
Researchers at Brigham Young University have developed a miniaturized mass spectrometer capable of analyzing chemicals with high sensitivity. This portable device has significant implications for applications such as detecting chemical weapons, explosives in airports, and forensic investigations.
Researchers have discovered a method to quickly shut down instabilities in fusion devices by injecting highly energetic particles, which can cause fusion reactions to fizzle out. This technique could prove useful for the international fusion facility ITER and demonstrate the ability to confine a burning plasma.
Researchers at Purdue University have discovered a new reaction mechanism for zeolite catalysts that can convert nitrogen oxides more efficiently, reducing emissions of smog-causing pollutants. This breakthrough could lead to the development of better catalyst designs for pollution control systems in diesel engines.
A new type of supercapacitor with improved flexibility, resilience to charge/discharge cycling, and energy storage capacity has been developed. The technique can be applied to various materials, enabling fast charging of mobile phones, smart clothes, and implantable devices.
Dr. Dasgupta is recognized for his work improving public health globally, including a new method for measuring blood in dry blood spot analysis and an implantable shunt flow monitoring system for hydrocephalus patients. He has also made significant contributions to environmental and astrochemical research.
Researchers at Poker Flat Research Range in Alaska used high-speed cameras to capture the rare phenomenon of an aurora flickering. The team discovered that faster flickerings occur at speeds of 1/60-1/50 and 1/80 seconds, revealing a complex exchange of energy between plasma waves and particles.
Physicist Mario Podestà develops a new subprogram to simulate particle motion in fusion plasmas, enabling faster and more accurate predictions. The improved code can now approximate the behavior of highly energetic atomic nuclei, crucial for achieving high-performance tokamaks like ITER.
Scientists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz isolate and analyze gold in the rare +II oxidation state for the first time. The stabilization of this labile ion is achieved by a porphyrin macrocycle, allowing researchers to investigate its unique properties and behavior.
Researchers at Michigan Technological University developed a novel method to convert carbon dioxide into three-dimensional graphene with micropores, greatly enhancing its potential as a supercapacitor material. The new material exhibited ultrahigh areal capacitance and superb cycling stability.
A team of NASA scientists and engineers has developed a miniaturized version of a century-old technology to probe the ionosphere. The Concentration vs. Height for an Orbiting Electromagnetic Sounder (ECHOES) device uses digital signal processing to analyze radio wave signals and determine electron density in the ionosphere.
Physicists from Germany and Japan made a precise measurement of the proton's mass, improving it by a factor of three and correcting the existing value. The resulting mass is significantly smaller than current standards, providing insight into fundamental physical theories.
Scientists at Lomonosov Moscow State University have identified a peptide complex formed in the brain during early stages of Alzheimer's disease. The complex, stabilized by zinc ions, can be targeted by new compounds to block disease progression.
Scientists from PTB create a model system using laser-cooled ytterbium ions to study friction phenomena at the atomic scale. They observe transitions between phases caused by structural defects, revealing dynamics comparable to DNA molecule chains.
Researchers have observed giant charge reversal for the first time, where excess counter ions adsorb to oppositely charged surfaces. The study suggests that dielectric response of the solvent enhances correlation of multivalent ions with surface groups, leading to the formation of Bjerrum pairs.
Scientists have developed a new method to track lithium ions as they travel in a battery, which could help address the safety hazard of battery failure. The researchers used fluorescence microscopy and found a fluorescent label sensitive to lithium ions, enabling them to image and track lithium ions in a battery-like environment.
Researchers developed ceria-zirconia nanoparticles to treat sepsis by removing harmful oxygen radicals and reducing inflammatory responses. The nanoparticles improved survival rates by 2.5 fold in mice with sepsis, offering a new therapeutic strategy for this deadly disease.
Drexel University researchers develop new battery electrode designs using highly conductive MXene material, achieving tens of milliseconds charging time. The design enables ultrafast energy storage devices that can store more energy than conventional supercapacitors.
Using lasers, MSU scientists have replicated a mechanism forming H3+, the universe's most abundant ion, revealing 'phantom mechanisms' in astrochemistry. The team discovered roaming chemistry plays a crucial role in this process.
Researchers at TUM have created a new process to convert organic waste into fuel, utilizing zeolite catalysts that reduce temperatures and energy requirements. The process takes place in confined spaces inside zeolite crystals, increasing reaction rates by up to 100 times.
A new study published in Nature describes a complex structure that combines elements of ion pumps and channels to enable active transport of potassium, challenging traditional views on biological concepts.
Researchers have developed a novel method to create stable and low-cost electrodes from discarded stainless steel mesh, ideal for potassium-ion batteries. The new electrode design uses a waste material to store potassium ions, overcoming the limitations of sodium ion batteries.
The University of Huddersfield has launched MIAMI-2, a £3.5 million microscope and ion accelerator facility, one of only three in Europe, enabling nanoscale investigation of radiation damage and advanced materials analysis.
Researchers measured transition between energy levels of lithium-like bismuth ions with unprecedented precision, contradicting existing theories. The discrepancy raises questions about the understanding of electron interaction with complex inner nuclear structures.
NIST physicists have solved the puzzle of controlling molecular ions using quantum logic, a technique that also drives an experimental atomic clock. The new method achieves effective control of molecules as laser cooling and other techniques can control atoms.
A new system of oxide materials can be used to create actuators that function at temperatures above 500 degrees Celsius, enabling devices to open and close valves in hot environments. This technology could revolutionize maintenance tasks in nuclear plants and other high-temperature settings.
Researchers have discovered a new conducting additive, Super P carbon black (SPCB), that exhibits high capacity and cycling stability for reversible lithium and sodium ion storage. SPCB shows a higher capacity for lithium ion storage than sodium ion storage due to its reaction mechanism.
Researchers used simulations to show that plasma from hypervelocity impacts creates damaging electromagnetic radiation by separating ions and electrons at different speeds. The study aims to verify the theory of senior author Sigrid Close, who previously suggested that hypervelocity impact plasmas are responsible for satellite failures.
Researchers at MIT developed a new material inspired by the gelatinous jaw of a sea worm, which can adapt to changing environments. The material exhibits great mechanical resistance and consistency, making it suitable for soft robotics and sensor applications.
Scientists clarify relationship between ion mass and plasma performance improvement. Turbulence suppression through electron-ion collisions leads to increased confinement and particle heat management. Zonal flows play a crucial role in suppressing turbulence, grinding eddies and waves that improve plasma performance.
The team's detector can pick up just a single charged particle, revealing the intensity of radiation. It could aid in detecting nuclear threats at ports of entry, streamlining radio-medicine, and boosting unmanned radiation monitoring vehicles.
Researchers at the University of Oxford have discovered that FIB can fundamentally alter a material's structure, affecting its entire sample. The team developed new X-ray techniques to assess this damage and will focus on developing strategies to mitigate FIB damage.
Scientists from Linköping University successfully applied an ion pump device to a small flowering plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, allowing them to control root growth and auxin response. This breakthrough enables localized application of hormones to study their impact on plant growth and development at tissue and cellular resolution.
A Stanford-led study has developed a wearable sweat sensor that can diagnose cystic fibrosis and monitor diabetes, offering a non-invasive and real-time solution. The device collects sweat, measures its molecular constituents, and transmits the results electronically for analysis and diagnostics.
The study detects iron, magnesium, and sodium ions in the Martian upper atmosphere, indicating a permanent presence of metal ions. The team believes that all solar system planets with substantial atmospheres likely have metal ions.
Scientists have discovered that sea urchins extract calcium ions from seawater through a process where they drink in water and manipulate the ions within their cells. This method is more energy efficient than previously thought, but presents new challenges for understanding how these cells concentrate and expel ions.
Researchers have created a self-healing material that can stretch up to 50 times its original size and automatically stitch itself back together within a day. The material, which uses ion-dipole interactions, could potentially be used to repair smartphones and other electronic devices.
A team of scientists has unlocked the secret of a gold-based catalyst that converts coal-derived acetylene to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), a precursor to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The catalyst, which employs atomically dispersed gold on a solid support, reduces toxic mercury pollution and enables environmentally friendly PVC production.
Researchers found that a transient increase in intracellular calcium ions causes cell deformation and contributes to neural tube formation in African clawed frogs. The pattern of fluctuation in calcium ions is complex, with local and transient rises causing morphological changes.
Physicists at NIST have confirmed that particles of matter can exhibit 'spooky action' through quantum entanglement. The experiment closed two loopholes in conventional Bell tests, demonstrating the high quality of entangled states.
The study reveals how simple organic citrate ions can interact with gold atoms to yield stable nanoparticles. These clusters are useful as catalysts, drug delivery systems, anti-cancer agents, and components of solar cells.
American researchers have characterized 'gold fingers' using ion mobility mass spectrometry and identified the exact gold binding sites. The study reveals that gold ions force zinc ions out of zinc fingers, changing their conformation. This finding could lead to new metal-based antiviral and antitumor drugs.